This document outlines the key steps in the programming cycle: 1) Defining the problem by understanding what needs to be solved, 2) Planning the solution through flowcharts to map out processing steps, 3) Coding the solution by writing program instructions, 4) Checking for errors by debugging, and 5) Creating documentation such as problem statements, flowcharts, and operating instructions. Documentation is important for maintaining the program.

1. Computer Systems SoftwareLesson 14

2. 1Defining the Problem5. DocumentationThe Programming Cycle2 Planning the Solution4Checking out the program3Coding the Solution

3. 1. Defining the ProblemThe task of problem definition is one of making sure what has to be done or what problem has to be solved

4. 2. Planning the SolutionThis commonly involves determining the sequence of processing steps within individual programs.To save on time and effort, the programmer refers to a pictorial representation , the program flow chart. The flowchart is an all-purpose tool and a program blueprint.

5. 3. Coding the SolutionAt this stage , the programmer converts the steps depicted in the program flow chart into readable instructions that make up the actual program. Coding can be written at different levels , ranging from machine language to high-level programming languages.

6. 4. Checking out the programDebugging is the task of finding program errors ( bugs) and correcting them so that the program runs correctly.Type of errors in programmingClerical errors – occur in the coding or data entry process.Logical errors – they occur because the programmer does not thoroughly understand a phase of the problem to be solved.

7. 5. DocumentationThe technical documentation includes:Complete statement of the problemDescription of the program logic and copies of the flow charts Final source listingList and description of error tests along with the disposition of these errorsOperating instructions, including programs and data structures and test data used.

8. 5. DocumentationInput and output specificationsSchedules to be maintained