The document outlines the seven stages of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC): 1) problem definition, where the problem is studied to understand requirements, 2) program design, using tools like algorithms and flowcharts, 3) coding, where the program is written, 4) debugging, to detect and correct errors, 5) testing, to verify accuracy, 6) documentation, to guide users, and 7) maintenance, to update the program for changed conditions.

3.  Problem Definition
 Program Design
 Coding
 Debugging
 Testing
 Documentation
 Maintenance

4. Software
Developmen
t
Life
Cycle(SDLC)
01 Problem
Definition
02 Program Design
03 Coding
04 Debugging
05 Testing
06 Documentation
07 Maintenance

5.  In this , a programmer studies a problem. He
decides best way to solve the problem. Studding a
problem is necessary because it helps a
programmer to decide the following things:
 The facts and figures that is necessary to
developing the program.
 The way in which the program will be designed.
 The language in which program is most suitable.
 What is the desired output and in which form it is
needed?

6.  The next stage is the program design. The software
developer makes use of tools like algorithms and
flowcharts to develop the design of the program.
 Algorithm
 Flowchart

7. Algorithm:
• Start
• Read a,b
• Sum a+b
• Product a*b
• Print sum ,product
• Stop
 Flowchart
Start
Read a,b
Print
sum,product
Sum =a+b
End
Product=a*b

8.  Once the design process is complete, the actual computer
program is written, i.e. the instructions are written in a
computer language.
 Coding is generally a very small part of the entire program
development process and also a less time consuming activity in
reality.
 In this process all the syntax errors i.e. errors related to
spelling, missing commas, undefined labels etc. are eliminated.
 For effective coding some of the guide lines which are applied
are :
 Use of meaningful names and labels of variables,
 Simple and clear expressions,
 Modularity with emphasis on making modules generalized,
 Making use of comments and indenting the code properly,
 Avoiding jumps in the program to transfer control.

10.  At this stage the errors in the programs are detected
and corrected.
 This stage of program development is an important
process. Debugging is also known as program
validation.
 Some common errors which might occur in the
programs include:
 Un initialization of variables.
 Reversing of order of operands.
 Confusion of numbers and characters.
 Inverting of conditions e.g jumping on zero instead of
on not zero.

12.  A program must be tested in the process of program
development.
 These process verifies the accuracy of a program.
 Different values are given as input and output is
checked.
 The program may not give required output if it
contains any error.
 It ensures that program gives desired result & problem
is solved correctly.

13.  Documentation is a very essential step in the program
development.
 Documentation help the users and the people who
maintain the software.
 It guides the user how to use the program.
 Another purpose of it , is to allow the some other
programmer to modify the code if it necessary.

14.  Updating and correction of the program for changed
conditions and field experience is accounted for in
maintenance.
 Maintenance becomes essential in following
situations:
 Change in specification,
 Change in equipment,
 Errors which are found during the actual execution of
the program.