Sociology is the systematic study of human society and social interaction. It examines how society influences individuals and how individuals influence society. Sociology analyzes social phenomena at both the micro and macro levels. At the micro level, it studies small-scale social interactions and groups, while at the macro level it analyzes large-scale social structures and their effects on individuals and groups. The goal of sociology is to understand how social forces shape human behavior and thinking.
This slide show is a supplemental learning tool for a university's introductory course in Sociology. It is aligned with the content of the textbook, Discover Sociology, by the authors Chambliss and Eglitis.
sociology is a science of society, which according to Peter BERGER is a consciousness. Which tries to make sense in the senseless situation. Simple a subject which is the voice of voiceless.
Introduction to SOCIOLOGY
Hammond, R., Cheney, P, Pearsey, R. (2015)
The book is designed and written to be interesting to you. It provides a basic understanding of the science, theory, and research methods of the profession. Sociology began with a Frenchman named Auguste Comte (1798-1857) who saw that it could be very useful in solving modern social problems that were already emerging in Europe and other parts of the world in the 1820-40's. Other sociologists built upon his work and sociology has become a major academic and scientific discipline in its own right. Comte would be very pleased with sociology as a problem-solving science, one that has a unique perspective, wisdom, and body of scientific knowledge. Governments, corporations, religions, families, educators, and individuals have come to depend upon the same expertise you will discover in this textbook. You'll also find the narrative to be personal, the topics to be interesting, and you will feel very satisfied when you finally understand why society and people do the things they do. You swill learn what sociology is, what sociology studies (and studies in a way better than all other disciplines), and how sociology as a science can help you in your personal life experiences. Finally, this textbook is an excellent case study of the sociological analysis of the United States. How we used the US statistics, trends, and historical facts used herein can be a useful example for you to do a similar analysis of your own country, state, province, county, or even city.
This slide show is a supplemental learning tool for a university's introductory course in Sociology. It is aligned with the content of the textbook, Discover Sociology, by the authors Chambliss and Eglitis.
sociology is a science of society, which according to Peter BERGER is a consciousness. Which tries to make sense in the senseless situation. Simple a subject which is the voice of voiceless.
Introduction to SOCIOLOGY
Hammond, R., Cheney, P, Pearsey, R. (2015)
The book is designed and written to be interesting to you. It provides a basic understanding of the science, theory, and research methods of the profession. Sociology began with a Frenchman named Auguste Comte (1798-1857) who saw that it could be very useful in solving modern social problems that were already emerging in Europe and other parts of the world in the 1820-40's. Other sociologists built upon his work and sociology has become a major academic and scientific discipline in its own right. Comte would be very pleased with sociology as a problem-solving science, one that has a unique perspective, wisdom, and body of scientific knowledge. Governments, corporations, religions, families, educators, and individuals have come to depend upon the same expertise you will discover in this textbook. You'll also find the narrative to be personal, the topics to be interesting, and you will feel very satisfied when you finally understand why society and people do the things they do. You swill learn what sociology is, what sociology studies (and studies in a way better than all other disciplines), and how sociology as a science can help you in your personal life experiences. Finally, this textbook is an excellent case study of the sociological analysis of the United States. How we used the US statistics, trends, and historical facts used herein can be a useful example for you to do a similar analysis of your own country, state, province, county, or even city.
The Sociological Perspective
What is sociology?
Subject Matter of Sociology
Sociology and the Other Sciences
The Historical Development of Sociology
Sexual discrimination in Early Sociology
Sociology in North America
Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Applied Sociology and Clinical Sociology
For sociology papers, visit cutewriters.com
In sociology, a few theories provide broad perspectives that help explain many different aspects of
social life, and these are called paradigms. Paradigms are philosophical and theoretical frameworks
used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in
support of them. Three paradigms have come to dominate sociological thinking, because they provide
useful explanations: structural functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interaction.
The Sociological Perspective
What is sociology?
Subject Matter of Sociology
Sociology and the Other Sciences
The Historical Development of Sociology
Sexual discrimination in Early Sociology
Sociology in North America
Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Applied Sociology and Clinical Sociology
For sociology papers, visit cutewriters.com
In sociology, a few theories provide broad perspectives that help explain many different aspects of
social life, and these are called paradigms. Paradigms are philosophical and theoretical frameworks
used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in
support of them. Three paradigms have come to dominate sociological thinking, because they provide
useful explanations: structural functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interaction.
This version of the book is current as of: April 10, 2010. The current version of this book can be found at http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology
The Study of SociologyMichael Burawoy Public sociologies .docxssusera34210
The Study of Sociology
Michael Burawoy
“Public sociologies: Contradictions,
Dilemmas, and Possibilities”
Joel Best “Telling the Truth about Damned Lies and Statistics”
Purpose of Sociology?
Provide abstract analytical “models” of society
to aid in understanding
Getting back to social reform…
C. Wright Mills and criticisms of “the power elite”
2
Applied sociology
Between extremes… using sociology to solve problems
NAACP
1954 Brown vs Board of Education
Environment
Social responses to natural disasters
AIDS
Education
Business
Difference between reform (radical…desire to rebuild society…we need a new system) and applying expert knowledge to particular contexts
“Public sociologies: Contradictions, Dilemmas, and Possibilities”
Michael Burawoy
Sociological knowledge for whom?
For what purpose?
NOT easy questions!
“Since the middle of the 19th century,
social scientists have been asking about the influence of their work on society (27)
Contribute to social order and stability?
Promote social change?
Address problems; devise solutions?
Objectivity? Neutral and value-free? Passion?
Opening scene of the essay…
“Public sociologies: Contradictions, Dilemmas, and Possibilities”
References a meeting of the ASA in 2003. Why?
Vote on a member resolution
Should sociologists have or act on opinions regarding important “issues of the day”?
Overwhelming opposition to the war in Iraq
“Foreign interventions that do not have the support of the world community…” (27)
Intervention could spark terrorist attacks…
Passed by 2/3 majority (22% abstained)
In an opinion poll; 75% opposed the war
Ethos
Historical shift…1968, Vietnam war
Hypotheses of shift
1) ASA – has moved further left
In 1968…many sociologists held beliefs similar to the majority of the country population (54% opposed the war)
In 2003, the inverse…75% sociologists opposed the war; 75% of the public supported it
2) the world itself is different
1968… world ripe for change…the 60s/70s
Public context and sociological conscience moved in opposite directions….
The vote
Controversial
Ethics/ code of conduct
Scientifically and professionally derived knowledge
Is taking a moral or political position incompatible with scientific objectivity?
What is Burawoy’s position? Explain.
Pure science/ public engagement?
Policy interventions?
Education?
Housing?
Healthcare?
Public sociology
Engages the publics beyond the academy (beyond the university) in dialogue about matters of political and moral concern (30)
Focuses in solutions to specific problems defined by clients (volunteerism…expertise in addressing problems; services contracted for a fee)
Businesses
State
Multilateral organizations
NGOs/ CBOs
Community of scientists
Committed to working on important puzzles through research programs
Inside/ outside academia
Government agencies (eg: Census Bureau, depar ...
Three grand sociological theoriesWhich of the three grand so.docxjuliennehar
Three "grand" sociological theories
Which of the three "grand" sociological theories would best fit research conducted on the following topics: (Hint - check the level of analysis - whether "macro" or "micro" in Module 1 Figure 1). Please provide a brief explanation for your choice.
· Current U.S. immigration policies
· Reasons for an increase in violent crime among adult females in the U.S.
Module 1: The Individual and Society—A General Introduction
After completing this module, you should be able to:
· identify the three questions grounding the discipline of sociology
· summarize how sociologists differ from both philosophers and other social scientists in their approach to the relationship between the individual and society
· frame the question, "What is the relationship between the individual and society?" sociologically, as one of the individual's interaction and connections to larger social wholes
· identify and summarize the concepts and premises grounding sociology's three main theoretical frameworks for analyzing the connections between the individual and society
· list and illustrate the four challenges faced by traditional theory as it addresses the ways in which individuals and society are connected
· define such general concepts as groups, social structure, social interaction, culture, the social order, society, and the social system
· distinguish the defining elements of a society from the more widely known theoretical construct, the social systemModule 1: The Individual and Society—A General IntroductionTopics
IntroductionThe Distinctiveness of the Sociological PerspectiveThe Individual and Society: Three Theoretical PerspectivesFour Challenges Facing Contemporary Sociological TheoryResources for Rethinking the Relationship between the Individual and SocietyThe Individual and Society: A Preliminary Perspective
Introduction
At the dawn of the twenty-first century, few Americans imagined the events that would come to characterize a new sense of national identity and the norms that would be called upon to support it. The period from 1945 to 2000 witnessed not only an altered world map, but, among other things:
· the rise of the "baby boom generation"
· the flowering of the American civil rights movement (together with the movements that followed it)
· the rising (albeit selective) levels of educational and occupational achievement that burst open in the sixties
· Vietnam and the American peace movement
· inflation, OPEC, and the 1973 oil embargo
· new patterns of immigration
· the West's widening recognition of Holocaust horror
· inflation, globalization, and the first Gulf War
· the Internet and politics unbounded (read: impeachment, hanging chads, a downward DOW)
and early into the twenty-first century, the moments of 9-11 that without question, Americans everywhere share.
So one has to wonder: How does a society maintain itself in the face of so much change? How do international events impact individuals in their daily and ...
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2. Three revolutions had to take
place before the sociological
imagination could crystallize:
The scientific revolution (16th
c.)
encouraged the use of evidence to
substantiate theories.
The democratic revolution (18th
c.) encouraged the view that
human action can change society.
The industrial revolution (19th
c.)
gave sociologists their subject
matter.
3. Sociology
Sociology is the
systematic study of
human society and
social interaction. It
is based on the idea
that our relations with
other people create
opportunities for us to
think and act but also
set limits on our
thoughts and action.
4. Introduction to Sociology: What is
Sociology?
4
What is Sociology?
Sociology is also the
study of reifications, or
social constructions.
5. Introduction to Sociology: What is
Sociology?
5
Sociology
Howard Becker defined
sociology as the study
of people “doing things
together.”
6. Introduction to Sociology: What is
Sociology?
6
Sociology
This reminds us that
society and the
individual are
inherently connected,
and each depends on
the other.
7. Introduction to Sociology: What is
Sociology?
7
Sociology
Sociologists study this
link: how society
affects the individual
and how the
individual affects
society.
8. A society is a large social grouping that shares
the same geographical territory and is
subject to the same political authority and
dominant cultural expectations.
9. 9
Society Is….
A society is a group of people who
share a culture and live more or less
together. They have a set of
institutions which provide what they
need to meet their physical, social,
and psychological needs and which
maintain order and the values of the
culture.
10. 10
Social structures are the more or less
stable patterns of people’s interactions
and relationships.
11. 11
Institutions are the principal social
structures that organize, direct, and
execute the essential tasks of
living.
14. Introduction to Sociology: What is
Sociology?
14
Cool Insights from Sociology
Humans cannot be
understood apart from
social context (i.e.
society)
15. Introduction to Sociology: What is
Sociology?
15
Cool Insights from Sociology
Society makes us who
we are by structuring
out interactions and
laying out an orderly
world before us
16. Introduction to Sociology: What is
Sociology?
16
Cool Insights from Sociology
Society is a social
construction, that is an idea
created by humans (i.e. doesn’t
exist in the biological world but
only in the social world)
through social interaction
and given a reality through our
understanding of it and our
collective actions.
17. Society Influences You
Death…
Related to
society?
Introduction to Sociology: What is
Sociology?
17
19. Introduction to Sociology: What is
Sociology?
19
Names that have gained
the most popularity,
2004 – 2010
...Or, the names I’ll begin seeing all
the time in 2022-2028
20. Introduction to Sociology: What is
Sociology?
20
What Does Society Look
Like?
While the idea of society is familiar,
describing it can be difficult.
Ultimately society is made up of
many different components, such
as culture, race, family, education,
social class, and people’s interactions.
People who share a culture and
territory
21. Introduction to Sociology: What is
Sociology?
21
Meaning through Interaction
People actively and collectively shape
their own lives, organizing their social
interactions and relationships into a
meaningful world.
Sociologists study this social
behavior by seeking out its patterns.
Patterns are crucial to our
understanding of society
22. Introduction to Sociology: What is
Sociology?
22
Society
Society is a group of people
who shape their lives in
aggregated and patterned
ways that distinguish their
group from other groups.
23. Introduction to Sociology: What is
Sociology?
23
The Social Sciences
Social Sciences are the disciplines
that use the scientific method to
examine the social world, in contrast
to the natural sciences, which
examine the physical world.
Examples of social sciences include
….?
25. Introduction to Sociology: What is
Sociology?
25
Levels of Analysis
We can study society from different levels:
Microsociology is the level of analysis that
studies face-to-face and small-group
interactions in order to understand how
they affect the larger patterns and
institutions of society.
Microsociology focuses on small-scale
issues.
Ex: Symbolic Interactionism
26. Introduction to Sociology: What is
Sociology?
26
Levels of Analysis (cont)
Macrosociology is the level of
analysis that studies large-scale
social structures in order to
determine how they affect the lives of
groups and individuals.
Macrosociology focuses on large-scale
issues.
Ex: Functionalism, Conflict Theory
27. Introduction to Sociology: What is
Sociology?
27
How We Use Levels of
Analysis
Pam Fishman took a micro-level approach
to studying issues of power in male–female
relationships.
She found that in conversation, women
ask nearly three times as many questions
as men do, perhaps because a speaker is
much more likely to ask a question if he or
she does not expect to get a response by
simply making a statement.
28. Introduction to Sociology: What is
Sociology?
28
Levels of Analysis (cont)
When conducting research, methodology
involves the process by which one
gathers and analyzes data.
Quantitative research translates the
social world into numbers that can be
treated mathematically; this type of
research often tries to find cause-and-
effect relationships.
Any type of social statistic is an example
of quantitative research.
29. Introduction to Sociology: What is
Sociology?
29
Levels of Analysis (cont)
Qualitative research works with non-
numerical data such as texts, fieldnotes,
interview transcripts, photographs, and
tape recordings; this type of research often
tries to understand how people make
sense of their world.
Participant observation, in which the
researcher actually takes part in the social
world he or she studies, is an example of
qualitative research.
30. Introduction to Sociology: What is
Sociology?
30
Take Away Points
Humans cannot be
understood apart from the
social context they live in
(society, culture and time +
place)
31. Introduction to Sociology: What is
Sociology?
31
Take Away Points
The world around us
profoundly shapes and
influences who we are, how
we behave and even
how/what we think.
32. Introduction to Sociology: What is
Sociology?
32
Take Away Points
It is the job of the
sociologist to understand
how this process works and
to what effect.
33. Introduction to Sociology: What is
Sociology?
33
Lesson Quiz
1. Which of the following is NOT an
example of a social science?
a. biology
b. political science
c. psychology
d. economics
34. Introduction to Sociology: What is
Sociology?
34
Lesson Quiz
2. Sociology is defined as:
a. the scientific study of humans.
b. the study of ancient cultures and
behavior.
c. the study of how the brain works.
d. the study of human society and social
behavior.
35. Introduction to Sociology: What is
Sociology?
35
Lesson Quiz
3. __________ is the level of analysis that
studies face-to-face and small-group
interactions in order to understand how
those interactions affect the larger patterns
and institutions of society.
a. Microsociology
b. Macrosociology
c. Sociology
d. Social science
36. Introduction to Sociology: What is
Sociology?
36
Lesson Quiz
4. A sense of disorientation that occurs
when you enter a radically new social
or cultural environment is called:
a. cultural mind.
b. culture shakes.
c. cultural fear.
d. culture shock.