The document discusses the meaning and characteristics of research. It states that research etymologically means to search, and involves rational thinking, expert treatment, searching for solutions, exactness, analytical analysis, relationship between facts and theories, and honesty. Research is defined as a scientific, systematic search for information on a topic through objective and methodological means. It aims to discover new knowledge and solutions to problems. Some key characteristics of research are that it is creative, systematic, logical, purposeful, and accurate.
Child protection- Social action litigation as a catalystNilendra Kumar
Judiciary has come forward in the sphere of child care and protection by not only interpreting the statues where so needed but also by adopting an active stance to take innovative steps for child care.
1. Doctrinal legal research focuses on analyzing legal principles and precedents from traditional sources like case laws and statutes.
2. Empirical legal research uses both qualitative and quantitative empirical evidence collected through methods like surveys, interviews and observations to understand how law impacts society.
3. The key difference is that doctrinal research examines what the law says, while empirical research studies what effect laws have and how people interact with the legal system.
Lord Curzon implemented important reforms and policies during his time as Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905, including establishing famine relief commissions, enacting land acts, and setting up education and police commissions. However, his most controversial decision was the partition of Bengal in 1905, which sparked widespread protests from Indian nationalists. Curzon oversaw important infrastructure projects like expanding irrigation works and the railway system. After returning to Britain, he served as Foreign Secretary but faced difficulties and left politics in 1924.
This document summarizes the key aspects of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act of 2009 in India. The act aims to provide free and compulsory quality elementary education to all children between 6-14 years old. It mandates that state governments must provide infrastructure like classrooms, drinking water, toilets and teachers in all government and private schools. The act also prohibits corporal punishment, private tuition by teachers, detention and expulsion of children until class 8. It sets norms for minimum qualifications for teachers and school management committees to monitor schools.
Legal research methodology_for_ilb@es_2012Gabriel Daia
The document provides an overview of legal research methodology. It discusses 1) what legal research entails and why methodology is important, 2) different types of methodologies, 3) developing a research strategy, 4) sources and how to evaluate them, 5) electronic sources, and 6) referencing and citation. The document emphasizes that legal research must be structured, thorough, and fully referenced in order to support arguments and allow others to evaluate the analysis.
This document provides an overview of online legal research sources and techniques. It begins by listing the presenter's contact information. It then discusses primary legal authorities like statutes and case law, and secondary sources like articles and treatises. The document recommends starting legal research with secondary sources to help understand the law. It evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of using the internet for legal research. Several comprehensive legal websites are also introduced as good starting points for research.
The 1st session of the presentation clarifies the necessary background concept to understand Historical Research.
The 2nd Session touches the procedures to the stages, sources, collection of data, analyzing them and writing a legit report on the whole research.
The whole presentation is designed to create a link between ancient educational practices and how the old practices influence our education today, in other words, how today's education is reformed through a transformation from a very early time.
The document discusses the meaning and characteristics of research. It states that research etymologically means to search, and involves rational thinking, expert treatment, searching for solutions, exactness, analytical analysis, relationship between facts and theories, and honesty. Research is defined as a scientific, systematic search for information on a topic through objective and methodological means. It aims to discover new knowledge and solutions to problems. Some key characteristics of research are that it is creative, systematic, logical, purposeful, and accurate.
Child protection- Social action litigation as a catalystNilendra Kumar
Judiciary has come forward in the sphere of child care and protection by not only interpreting the statues where so needed but also by adopting an active stance to take innovative steps for child care.
1. Doctrinal legal research focuses on analyzing legal principles and precedents from traditional sources like case laws and statutes.
2. Empirical legal research uses both qualitative and quantitative empirical evidence collected through methods like surveys, interviews and observations to understand how law impacts society.
3. The key difference is that doctrinal research examines what the law says, while empirical research studies what effect laws have and how people interact with the legal system.
Lord Curzon implemented important reforms and policies during his time as Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905, including establishing famine relief commissions, enacting land acts, and setting up education and police commissions. However, his most controversial decision was the partition of Bengal in 1905, which sparked widespread protests from Indian nationalists. Curzon oversaw important infrastructure projects like expanding irrigation works and the railway system. After returning to Britain, he served as Foreign Secretary but faced difficulties and left politics in 1924.
This document summarizes the key aspects of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act of 2009 in India. The act aims to provide free and compulsory quality elementary education to all children between 6-14 years old. It mandates that state governments must provide infrastructure like classrooms, drinking water, toilets and teachers in all government and private schools. The act also prohibits corporal punishment, private tuition by teachers, detention and expulsion of children until class 8. It sets norms for minimum qualifications for teachers and school management committees to monitor schools.
Legal research methodology_for_ilb@es_2012Gabriel Daia
The document provides an overview of legal research methodology. It discusses 1) what legal research entails and why methodology is important, 2) different types of methodologies, 3) developing a research strategy, 4) sources and how to evaluate them, 5) electronic sources, and 6) referencing and citation. The document emphasizes that legal research must be structured, thorough, and fully referenced in order to support arguments and allow others to evaluate the analysis.
This document provides an overview of online legal research sources and techniques. It begins by listing the presenter's contact information. It then discusses primary legal authorities like statutes and case law, and secondary sources like articles and treatises. The document recommends starting legal research with secondary sources to help understand the law. It evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of using the internet for legal research. Several comprehensive legal websites are also introduced as good starting points for research.
The 1st session of the presentation clarifies the necessary background concept to understand Historical Research.
The 2nd Session touches the procedures to the stages, sources, collection of data, analyzing them and writing a legit report on the whole research.
The whole presentation is designed to create a link between ancient educational practices and how the old practices influence our education today, in other words, how today's education is reformed through a transformation from a very early time.
The document discusses Mahatma Gandhi's Basic Education system which was proposed in 1937 as an alternative to the British system of education in India. It provides historical context for the development of Basic Education and discusses the Wardha Education Conference where Gandhi's proposal was examined. The key features of Basic Education included making education free and compulsory, using the local craft or productive work as the central focus of education, and using the mother tongue as the medium of instruction. While it aimed to make education self-supporting and more relevant to students' lives, the system faced criticism and ultimately failed due to factors such as overemphasis on vocational training, lack of funding and trained teachers, and not being seen as compatible with modern development
This presentation is about the Provisions of Human Rights in Indian Constitution prepared for B.Ed. Semester IV Students in a period of #covid19#lockdown to facilitate online learning.
Constitutional provisions relating to children and womenDrOmRajSingh
The document summarizes constitutional provisions, laws, and policies concerning children and women in India. It outlines indicators related to women's health and status. It discusses the differences between sex and gender. It then details various international conventions and national policies that aim to empower women and protect children's rights. These include commitments to education, health, nutrition, and preventing exploitation. The document also reviews commissions and government actions established to advocate for women and children.
The Wardha Scheme of Education, also known as Basic Education, was the first attempt by Mahatma Gandhi to develop an indigenous education system for India under British rule. It emphasized learning through practical activities and handicrafts rather than rote learning. Some key principles included making education free and compulsory up to age 7, using the local language as the medium of instruction, and incorporating basic crafts into the curriculum. The goal was to design an education system better suited to meet India's socio-economic needs.
The document discusses the history and provisions of universal elementary education reforms and the Right to Education Act in India. It aims to achieve universal access to free and compulsory elementary education for children ages 6 to 14. Key points include: establishing education as a fundamental right in the constitution in 2002 and passing the Right to Education Act in 2009; setting targets through programs like Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan to enroll all children and increase retention and completion rates; and Supreme Court backing the constitutional validity of the Act in 2012. The Act aims to strengthen social democracy by providing equal education opportunities for all children in India.
It is a power point presentation on Natural law theory of Jurisprudence which is very important to learn by a person who wants to understand law. This theory is basis for fundamental rights given in part of Indian constitution so it is very important to understand and imply it in our legal system.
This document summarizes key Indian educational policies after independence. It discusses the Indian Education Commission from 1964-1966, also known as the Kothari Commission, which examined all aspects of education and recommended improving access, quality, vocational education, and establishing a national university. It also outlines the National Education Policy of 1986, which aimed to develop a well-rounded personality and scientific attitude in students. Some major recommendations included implementing a 10+2+3 education structure, providing free and compulsory education up to age 14, and emphasizing values, history, and the environment in the curriculum.
Inclusive education integrated education for disabled childrenChaitraAni
This document discusses two programs related to inclusive education for disabled children in India:
1) The Integrated Education for Disabled Children (IEDC) program from 1974 which aimed to provide educational opportunities to children with disabilities. It provided financial support and teacher training.
2) The Project Integrated Education for Disabled Children (PIED) from 1987 which was a joint project between the Indian government and UNICEF to strengthen IEDC. It launched demonstration projects in several Indian states to develop strategies for inclusive education.
- In India, teachers (gurus) have traditionally been held in high esteem and seen as instrumental in guiding students to God. Ancient Indian education was centered around residential gurukuls where students lived with and learned from the guru.
- Formal education in India can be traced back to universities thousands of years old like Taxila and Nalanda, and the Vedas, the oldest Hindu scriptures, were composed around 1500 BC.
- Over time, the British and post-Independence Indian governments have shaped the modern education system, establishing departments and universities, to make education free and accessible to all. The current system includes primary, secondary, vocational, and higher education.
The document discusses identifying learners' strengths and weaknesses using the VAK (Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic) model of learning styles. It explains that learners learn best when they receive instruction in their preferred learning style. The VAK model proposes that people learn visually, through images and text; auditorily, through listening; and kinesthetically, through movement, hands-on activities, and touch. The document provides strategies for instructors to incorporate the different learning styles into their teaching to help all learners succeed.
Importance of the educational researchMiriam Troya
Educational research is important for teachers and policymakers to make informed decisions that impact students, schools, and communities. It allows the government to implement innovations to improve education based on evidence from previous studies. Various professionals, organizations, and unions conduct educational research to review practices and find new insights on topics like student failure, learning styles, reading skills, and parental involvement. This research is more accessible to teachers through publications, reports, databases, news media, and the internet.
Clinical legal education programs in India aim to bridge the gap between legal theory and practice. Such programs have been mandated by the Bar Council of India since the late 1990s but are still not uniformly implemented. The COVID-19 pandemic further disrupted practical legal education opportunities like moots and internships. To strengthen clinical legal education, law schools need dedicated faculty, smaller class sizes, practicing lawyer involvement, and credit recognition for clinical work. Such reforms could help fulfill the goal of exposing students to public service and enhancing access to justice.
The scope and need for research dr.c.thanavathiThanavathi C
The document discusses the scope, significance, and need for research. It notes that research is important for building knowledge, facilitating learning, and providing intelligence to make decisions. Research helps prove truths, uncover lies, solve problems through systematic data collection and analysis, and promote progress. It encourages scientific thinking and aids business success. The document outlines various types of research and states that research is needed for exploration, description, developing theories, and solving educational problems. It concludes that research provides important data for planning, decision-making, and evaluation in today's data-driven age.
Jurisprudence its meaning, nature and scopeanjalidixit21
This document discusses the meaning, nature, and scope of jurisprudence. It defines jurisprudence as the knowledge of law and explains that it is the study of the sources, validity, objectives, functions, and effects of fundamental legal principles. Several jurists are cited defining jurisprudence as the observation of divine and human things, the philosophy of positive law, the science of the first principles of law, and the scientific study of the union of legal rules. The document also outlines different types of jurisprudence according to various jurists and lists several influential books written on the topic.
The document discusses prison reforms in India. It provides background on the origins of prisons in India under British rule and the various committees that have recommended reforms, including emphasizing rehabilitation over punishment and ensuring humane treatment of prisoners. It outlines key acts like the Prisons Act of 1894 and recommendations of committees like separating juveniles, training staff, and improving living conditions in prisons. However, comprehensive reforms to update the outdated legal framework have yet to be fully implemented.
The Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE) is India's oldest and highest advisory board for education, established in 1920 to advise central and state governments on education policies. CABE reviews education progress nationwide, ensures education policies are properly implemented, and provides a platform for center-state coordination and information sharing on education. It is chaired by the Union HRD Minister and composed of state education ministers, parliamentary members, and nominated academic experts. CABE meets at least annually to advise governments, appoint committees on issues, and gather input from education stakeholders.
The document summarizes the key aspects of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2009 in India. The Act aims to provide free and compulsory education to all children between ages 6-14. It establishes the right to education as a fundamental right and outlines the duties and responsibilities of government authorities, schools, parents and teachers to ensure all children can access elementary education. The Act also specifies norms around pupil-teacher ratios, infrastructure requirements, curriculum, evaluation and grievance redressal mechanisms. Its overall goal is to benefit children from disadvantaged backgrounds and weaker sections of society by improving access to quality elementary education across the country.
The document discusses the process of identifying and formulating a research problem. It begins by defining what constitutes a research problem and notes that selecting a problem depends on factors like a researcher's knowledge and interests. It then outlines the key steps in formulating a problem, which include: reviewing literature and theories in the topic area, delimiting the topic to something specific and measurable, evaluating the problem's significance and feasibility, and finally stating the problem in a clear declarative or interrogative statement. The overall process moves from initially identifying a broad research area to defining the specific variables, population, and research question that will be investigated.
Radhakrishnan Commission / University Education CommissionDr Rajnikant Dodiya
The University Education Commission, chaired by Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, was the first education commission of independent India established in 1948. It aimed to reconstruct university education to support socio-economic development. The commission recommended reforms such as establishing the UGC, improving teaching quality, increasing research facilities, promoting professional education, and emphasizing rural universities and women's education. The commission's report provided a framework to develop India's university system after independence.
Criminal Procedure using WestlawNext Fall 2019HVCClibrary
This document provides instructions for researching the legal issue in Mapp v. Ohio using Westlaw. It explains that Westlaw allows you to search for the case by citation or name and find related secondary sources to help identify the key legal issues. The document guides searching for additional cases on the same issue in a selected state and evaluating if those cases remain good law. It also discusses using key terms from Mapp v. Ohio to search for cases involving similar fact patterns using natural language or Boolean search techniques.
Practical Legal Research training presented to the Legal Practice, Integrated Assessment Program and Final Year classes at the UCT Law Faculty. It covers various legal research skills, including the research process for practical legal problems.
The document discusses Mahatma Gandhi's Basic Education system which was proposed in 1937 as an alternative to the British system of education in India. It provides historical context for the development of Basic Education and discusses the Wardha Education Conference where Gandhi's proposal was examined. The key features of Basic Education included making education free and compulsory, using the local craft or productive work as the central focus of education, and using the mother tongue as the medium of instruction. While it aimed to make education self-supporting and more relevant to students' lives, the system faced criticism and ultimately failed due to factors such as overemphasis on vocational training, lack of funding and trained teachers, and not being seen as compatible with modern development
This presentation is about the Provisions of Human Rights in Indian Constitution prepared for B.Ed. Semester IV Students in a period of #covid19#lockdown to facilitate online learning.
Constitutional provisions relating to children and womenDrOmRajSingh
The document summarizes constitutional provisions, laws, and policies concerning children and women in India. It outlines indicators related to women's health and status. It discusses the differences between sex and gender. It then details various international conventions and national policies that aim to empower women and protect children's rights. These include commitments to education, health, nutrition, and preventing exploitation. The document also reviews commissions and government actions established to advocate for women and children.
The Wardha Scheme of Education, also known as Basic Education, was the first attempt by Mahatma Gandhi to develop an indigenous education system for India under British rule. It emphasized learning through practical activities and handicrafts rather than rote learning. Some key principles included making education free and compulsory up to age 7, using the local language as the medium of instruction, and incorporating basic crafts into the curriculum. The goal was to design an education system better suited to meet India's socio-economic needs.
The document discusses the history and provisions of universal elementary education reforms and the Right to Education Act in India. It aims to achieve universal access to free and compulsory elementary education for children ages 6 to 14. Key points include: establishing education as a fundamental right in the constitution in 2002 and passing the Right to Education Act in 2009; setting targets through programs like Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan to enroll all children and increase retention and completion rates; and Supreme Court backing the constitutional validity of the Act in 2012. The Act aims to strengthen social democracy by providing equal education opportunities for all children in India.
It is a power point presentation on Natural law theory of Jurisprudence which is very important to learn by a person who wants to understand law. This theory is basis for fundamental rights given in part of Indian constitution so it is very important to understand and imply it in our legal system.
This document summarizes key Indian educational policies after independence. It discusses the Indian Education Commission from 1964-1966, also known as the Kothari Commission, which examined all aspects of education and recommended improving access, quality, vocational education, and establishing a national university. It also outlines the National Education Policy of 1986, which aimed to develop a well-rounded personality and scientific attitude in students. Some major recommendations included implementing a 10+2+3 education structure, providing free and compulsory education up to age 14, and emphasizing values, history, and the environment in the curriculum.
Inclusive education integrated education for disabled childrenChaitraAni
This document discusses two programs related to inclusive education for disabled children in India:
1) The Integrated Education for Disabled Children (IEDC) program from 1974 which aimed to provide educational opportunities to children with disabilities. It provided financial support and teacher training.
2) The Project Integrated Education for Disabled Children (PIED) from 1987 which was a joint project between the Indian government and UNICEF to strengthen IEDC. It launched demonstration projects in several Indian states to develop strategies for inclusive education.
- In India, teachers (gurus) have traditionally been held in high esteem and seen as instrumental in guiding students to God. Ancient Indian education was centered around residential gurukuls where students lived with and learned from the guru.
- Formal education in India can be traced back to universities thousands of years old like Taxila and Nalanda, and the Vedas, the oldest Hindu scriptures, were composed around 1500 BC.
- Over time, the British and post-Independence Indian governments have shaped the modern education system, establishing departments and universities, to make education free and accessible to all. The current system includes primary, secondary, vocational, and higher education.
The document discusses identifying learners' strengths and weaknesses using the VAK (Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic) model of learning styles. It explains that learners learn best when they receive instruction in their preferred learning style. The VAK model proposes that people learn visually, through images and text; auditorily, through listening; and kinesthetically, through movement, hands-on activities, and touch. The document provides strategies for instructors to incorporate the different learning styles into their teaching to help all learners succeed.
Importance of the educational researchMiriam Troya
Educational research is important for teachers and policymakers to make informed decisions that impact students, schools, and communities. It allows the government to implement innovations to improve education based on evidence from previous studies. Various professionals, organizations, and unions conduct educational research to review practices and find new insights on topics like student failure, learning styles, reading skills, and parental involvement. This research is more accessible to teachers through publications, reports, databases, news media, and the internet.
Clinical legal education programs in India aim to bridge the gap between legal theory and practice. Such programs have been mandated by the Bar Council of India since the late 1990s but are still not uniformly implemented. The COVID-19 pandemic further disrupted practical legal education opportunities like moots and internships. To strengthen clinical legal education, law schools need dedicated faculty, smaller class sizes, practicing lawyer involvement, and credit recognition for clinical work. Such reforms could help fulfill the goal of exposing students to public service and enhancing access to justice.
The scope and need for research dr.c.thanavathiThanavathi C
The document discusses the scope, significance, and need for research. It notes that research is important for building knowledge, facilitating learning, and providing intelligence to make decisions. Research helps prove truths, uncover lies, solve problems through systematic data collection and analysis, and promote progress. It encourages scientific thinking and aids business success. The document outlines various types of research and states that research is needed for exploration, description, developing theories, and solving educational problems. It concludes that research provides important data for planning, decision-making, and evaluation in today's data-driven age.
Jurisprudence its meaning, nature and scopeanjalidixit21
This document discusses the meaning, nature, and scope of jurisprudence. It defines jurisprudence as the knowledge of law and explains that it is the study of the sources, validity, objectives, functions, and effects of fundamental legal principles. Several jurists are cited defining jurisprudence as the observation of divine and human things, the philosophy of positive law, the science of the first principles of law, and the scientific study of the union of legal rules. The document also outlines different types of jurisprudence according to various jurists and lists several influential books written on the topic.
The document discusses prison reforms in India. It provides background on the origins of prisons in India under British rule and the various committees that have recommended reforms, including emphasizing rehabilitation over punishment and ensuring humane treatment of prisoners. It outlines key acts like the Prisons Act of 1894 and recommendations of committees like separating juveniles, training staff, and improving living conditions in prisons. However, comprehensive reforms to update the outdated legal framework have yet to be fully implemented.
The Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE) is India's oldest and highest advisory board for education, established in 1920 to advise central and state governments on education policies. CABE reviews education progress nationwide, ensures education policies are properly implemented, and provides a platform for center-state coordination and information sharing on education. It is chaired by the Union HRD Minister and composed of state education ministers, parliamentary members, and nominated academic experts. CABE meets at least annually to advise governments, appoint committees on issues, and gather input from education stakeholders.
The document summarizes the key aspects of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2009 in India. The Act aims to provide free and compulsory education to all children between ages 6-14. It establishes the right to education as a fundamental right and outlines the duties and responsibilities of government authorities, schools, parents and teachers to ensure all children can access elementary education. The Act also specifies norms around pupil-teacher ratios, infrastructure requirements, curriculum, evaluation and grievance redressal mechanisms. Its overall goal is to benefit children from disadvantaged backgrounds and weaker sections of society by improving access to quality elementary education across the country.
The document discusses the process of identifying and formulating a research problem. It begins by defining what constitutes a research problem and notes that selecting a problem depends on factors like a researcher's knowledge and interests. It then outlines the key steps in formulating a problem, which include: reviewing literature and theories in the topic area, delimiting the topic to something specific and measurable, evaluating the problem's significance and feasibility, and finally stating the problem in a clear declarative or interrogative statement. The overall process moves from initially identifying a broad research area to defining the specific variables, population, and research question that will be investigated.
Radhakrishnan Commission / University Education CommissionDr Rajnikant Dodiya
The University Education Commission, chaired by Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, was the first education commission of independent India established in 1948. It aimed to reconstruct university education to support socio-economic development. The commission recommended reforms such as establishing the UGC, improving teaching quality, increasing research facilities, promoting professional education, and emphasizing rural universities and women's education. The commission's report provided a framework to develop India's university system after independence.
Criminal Procedure using WestlawNext Fall 2019HVCClibrary
This document provides instructions for researching the legal issue in Mapp v. Ohio using Westlaw. It explains that Westlaw allows you to search for the case by citation or name and find related secondary sources to help identify the key legal issues. The document guides searching for additional cases on the same issue in a selected state and evaluating if those cases remain good law. It also discusses using key terms from Mapp v. Ohio to search for cases involving similar fact patterns using natural language or Boolean search techniques.
Practical Legal Research training presented to the Legal Practice, Integrated Assessment Program and Final Year classes at the UCT Law Faculty. It covers various legal research skills, including the research process for practical legal problems.
Paralegal's Guide to the Methodology of Effective Legal ResearchMichael Kaiser, JD.
Presented by Michael Kaiser to a national audience on October 25, 2011, on behalf of the Institute for Paralegal Education.
Mr. Kaiser, founder of the Kaiser Legal Group, is a consultant and mediator. He also regularly speaks at the law school level and at Continuing Legal Education (CLE) seminars for attorneys. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from the University of Washington and his Juris Doctor from Seattle University. You may contact him at 206-660-2858 or Michael.Kaiser@Kaiser-LegalGroup.org.
This document provides an overview of searching case law, statutes, and secondary sources on WestlawNext. It discusses how to search using natural language or Boolean operators, filter search results, analyze whether cases are still good law, and utilize the West Key Number System to efficiently research topics. The document also demonstrates how to browse statutes, find related cases that have cited or applied a key case, and determine the negative treatment of cases to assess if they remain valid law.
Legal Information: an introduction for Information Science studentsEmily Allbon
Lecture to City University's MSc Information Science students (March 2013). Covering the legal information profession, role of law librarians and intro to legal information.
Substantive Criminal Law with Westlaw for Pesca CRJS 280HVCClibrary
The document provides information about how to conduct legal research on WestlawNext, including:
1) WestlawNext's interface is designed like Google for simple searching. Users can get 24/7 assistance and search case law using natural language or Boolean searches.
2) Search results include lists of relevant case citations that can be further researched. Key cases address legal issues and may have subsequent cases that cite to them.
3) Headnotes excerpt important points of law from cases, which are categorized by topic and key number for easier retrieval.
4) The document demonstrates how to search case law on a sample legal issue about whether using a K9 during a traffic stop constitutes a warrantless search under New
Review for Law Exam
This is a basic outline. Therefore, any omission of information not an indication that any other topic covered in the course will not be on the exam
This document provides an introduction to researching case law. It discusses how cases are reported in a hierarchy of law reports and publications. It explains how to understand case citations, decipher parties in civil and criminal cases, and use abbreviations to find relevant law reports. The document demonstrates how to locate case reports both physically in a library and online using databases like Westlaw and LexisNexis. It concludes with short tasks for readers to develop their case research skills.
This tutorial provides an overview of how to perform legal research on WestlawNext, including:
- Case law searching to find relevant cases through natural language searches or by citation
- Statutory searching to find statutes using citations or browsing a table of contents
- Using the West Key Number System to locate applicable key numbers that summarize legal topics and issues
- Checking whether cases or statutes remain good law using KeyCite on WestlawNext
- American Law Reports (ALR) to find in-depth analyses of specific legal issues and related case law from all jurisdictions
This document provides an overview of the legal research process. It defines what law is and discusses the different types of legal authorities, including statutes passed by Congress, regulations by executive agencies, and case law interpretations by courts. It then outlines the steps to conduct legal research, including developing search terms, choosing appropriate research tools like legal databases and books, searching strategically, evaluating sources, and refining searches. The document provides examples of searching legal databases like LexisNexis and Westlaw and managing citations. The overall process is iterative, beginning with forming a research question and repeating searches across different tools and terms until enough information is found.
This document discusses various types of secondary legal sources including online research guides, directories, American Law Reports (ALR), looseleafs, periodicals, treatises, encyclopedias, form books, and restatements. It provides details on how to access and use each source and notes that while secondary sources should generally not be cited, there are rare exceptions such as when the legal question is novel or controversial.
This document discusses various types of secondary legal sources including online research guides, directories, American Law Reports (ALR), looseleafs, periodicals, treatises, encyclopedias, form books, and restatements. It provides details on how to access and use each source and notes that while secondary sources should generally not be cited, there are rare exceptions such as when the legal question is novel or controversial.
This document provides guidance on developing an effective search strategy for research projects and dissertations. It discusses identifying keywords from topics, finding alternative terms, and identifying good information sources like academic libraries. Tips are provided for searching sources, such as using Boolean operators and quotation marks. The document also covers evaluating sources using the CRAAP test and citing references using tools like Refworks and Endnote. Other libraries that can be accessed are listed, as well as how to access resources off-campus using a VPN.
This document provides an overview of the legal research process. It begins by defining what law is, then discusses the different types of legal authorities such as statutes, regulations, and court opinions. It explains that Congress makes statutes, agencies make regulations, and courts interpret laws through opinions. The document then outlines the steps of the legal research process, including choosing search terms related to the research topic, selecting appropriate research tools like legal databases and libraries, searching and refining searches, evaluating sources, and repeating the process until enough information is found. Key legal research tools discussed are Westlaw, LexisNexis, HeinOnline, and government websites. The goal of the process is to find authorities to help answer a specific legal question.
Worksheets Steps To Writing A Res. Online assignment writing service.Sonia Sanchez
The document provides steps for writing a request to have an assignment written by the website HelpWriting.net. It outlines 5 steps: 1) Create an account, 2) Complete an order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline, 3) Review bids from writers and choose one, 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment, 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction and receive a refund if plagiarized. The document explains the process for obtaining writing help from the website.
Legal language is a dialect of standard American Business English. This is a presentation to explore some of the ways legal writing can be made more interesting and effective.
Legal Research Basics - Brooklyn Law School - Loreen Peritz - Fall 2016Laperitz
Betty Baker works at Begonia Bakery in New York City but wants to start her own bakery. However, her contract with Begonia Bakery prevents her from operating a bakery in New York City, Westchester County, or Long Island for three years. Betty seeks legal advice about whether this restrictive covenant in her contract is enforceable.
Library Research for Legal Researchers at UCSDAnnelise Sklar
This document provides a step-by-step guide for legal researchers on how to conduct library research. It outlines choosing a topic and keywords, selecting appropriate research tools and databases, constructing search strategies, running searches, obtaining citation information, accessing full texts, and evaluating sources. Key databases for legal research include Westlaw Next, LexisNexis Academic, and HeinOnline. The guide stresses developing a focused research question and using subject headings and cited references to expand searches.
Similar to Legal research - getting started with Westlaw & Lexis (20)
Willem C Vis Moot Presentation 2016-2017Emily Allbon
The document provides information about the Willem C Vis Moot international commercial arbitration competition. It summarizes that the competition is the largest of its kind, involving over 300 universities from over 50 countries. The problem involves an international sale of goods dispute governed by the CISG to be arbitrated under the UNCITRAL Model Law. Teams submit memorandums and participate in oral hearings in Vienna. Selection for the UK team is competitive and involves submitting an application addressing an issue in the problem. Members work together to research and prepare their arguments according to the schedule.
Seeing is believing: we are all converging Emily Allbon
This document discusses strategies for engaging law students through the use of visual and multimodal teaching approaches. It notes that students have grown accustomed to visual media and short attention spans. The document advocates for partnerships between academics and librarians to embed information literacy skills, incorporating more visual elements like videos and diagrams into teaching, and providing realistic experiential learning opportunities. Examples mentioned include legal research coloring books, Lego criminal law videos, and virtual law firms to simulate practice. The goal is to move beyond solely textual instruction and better prepare students for research and practice demands.
Paper given at the BIALL Conference 'Charting the C's: Collaboration, Co-Operation and Connectivity' 11th June 2015, Brighton, UK.
Paper entitled: Infiltrate and conquer? Showing the world what librarians can do.
Emily Allbon is a lecturer and director of mooting at City University who has been there for 14 years. She provides support to students on academic and personal issues, and monitors their attendance and progress. Her office hours are Monday 1-3pm in room G309, and she can also be reached by phone or Twitter.
Too cool for (law) school? Using technology to engage students in legal skillsEmily Allbon
The document discusses using technology to engage law students in developing legal skills. It describes the creation of an online resource called "Learnmore" that provides multimedia tools like videos and slideshows to help students learn in a more interesting way compared to traditional textbooks. A survey of students found that they appreciated Learnmore for providing different types of resources to suit various learning styles and for making legal skills learning more stimulating. There is discussion of potential ways to expand Learnmore, such as developing a mobile app or creating new multimedia content.
The free legal info landscape: treacherous quagmire or inspiring view? Emily Allbon
Talk from Justice Wide Open: courts and legal information in the digital age. This event for lawyers, journalists and academics, was held by the Centre for Law, Justice and Journalism at City University on 29th February 2012.
Academic law librarians: wallflowers or social butterflies? Emily Allbon
Presentation given at BIALL 2011 conference by Emily Allbon (City University), Maria Bell (LSE) and Wendy Lynwood (Birkbeck). Focus is on the role of academic law librarians within their institutions and the wider HE sphere, with a look at the varied experiences of the speakers and the relationships formed.
From black and white to colour: engaging and educating the screen addicts of ...Emily Allbon
1) Learnmore is a legal skills resource created by City University London to engage law students through multimedia learning tools. It includes tutorials, slideshows, videos, and wiki pages on topics like mootings and essay writing.
2) Student feedback found that Learnmore helps learning by presenting information in fun and stimulating ways through different media. It accommodates different learning styles and makes intensive reading less of a chore.
3) The resource aims to promote independence and confidence by being available online 24/7 with peer-learning content and alumni stories to provide role models for students.
This document discusses the rise of Twitter use among legal professionals. It notes that lawyers have increased their Twitter presence over the last 6 months. It then outlines various ways that the author uses Twitter, including keeping up-to-date on big legal cases, engaging with the legal community, promoting their work, and gathering expertise. The author finds Twitter to be an engaging way to communicate and connect with a wider community.
Tuning in not zoning out: teaching students legal skills via a multimedia leg...Emily Allbon
Paper given at UKCLE Learning in Law Annual Conference 2011, this details the work in progress at the City Law School to give students support in learning legal skills online. Project and paper courtesy of Sanmeet Kaur and Emily Allbon.
Innovative involvement not embarrassing imitation: using technology to connec...Emily Allbon
Presented at the BIALL Conference 18 June 2009, Emily Allbon gives her paper about connecting with law students via her website Lawbore, her teaching and the use of classroom clickers. Question slides (and answers) from the session are included. For full description of session: http://www.biall.org.uk/pages/session-2a.html
CDG Conference - What's it like to be an Academic Law Librarian?Emily Allbon
1. Emily Allbon is an Academic Law Librarian and Head of Information Literacy at City University London. She has degrees in English Literature, Information Science, and Law.
2. As the Law Librarian, she oversees the law library and provides reference services, collection maintenance, information literacy training, and research support to law students and faculty.
3. She enjoys her job because it provides freedom and opportunities to develop resources like Lawbore, help students, use new technologies, and participate in professional conferences and organizations.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
2. What will I be able to do at the end?
Understand the limitations of Google
Be able to find cases, legislation and journal articles
via Westlaw and Lexis
Know which resources are available
Be able to plan your searching & choose keywords
wisely
Use advanced search techniques
5. Discuss…
What do you look for to see if a website is
authoritative?
What are the problems with relying on something
found freely online?
Fake or real?
Login to Moodle to find some examples…
6. Remember…
Information on the internet
can be:
Out of date
Unreliable
Biased
It can be moved or
removed without warning
There are no standards or
index online
7. Google scholar
http://scholar.google.co
m/
References to peer-
reviewed
papers, theses, books,
abstracts and
articles, from academic
publishers, professiona
l societies, preprint
repositories, universitie
s and other scholarly
organizations.
8. So why are databases so vital?
Easier to search by
subject
Access to more material
than in the library
Easier to print than
photocopy
Access 24/7
Value added, up to date
info
Authoritative (unlike
Google!)
Used in all major law
firms and chambers
9. What do we have at City?
Lexis
Westlaw
HeinOnline
i-law
…plus content on
Lawbore
14. What is Westlaw?
Online searchable database
1000‟s of sources of legal information
Legislation, law reports
Books &…
Brilliant for journals
22. „Traffic light‟ coding system:
• Red no entry = negative judicial treatment – at least one point of law has
been overruled or reversed on appeal.
•Yellow exclamation mark = mixed or mildly negative judicial treatment
•Green C = Positive or neutral judicial treatment received
28. Sections of the Act
It‟s those traffic lights
again!
• Tick = In force
• N = Not yet in force
• P = Partially in force
• R = Repealed
• ! = Amendment
pending
•No entry = Provision
superseded
34. Journal searching
LEGAL JOURNALS FULL TEXT
INDEX Full text articles from
Summaries of articles 111 legal journals.
from 400 legal journals.
Gets straight to the
Comprehensive search.
article.
Articles not on Westlaw
Not comprehensive –
could be in library or on
coverage never goes
Lexis or HeinOnline.
back further than
Frustrating if no access
1986.
to full text.
40. Commentary
Several key practitioner texts including Archbold (for
Crime)
Be aware that we only have the basic subscription
for books…We don‟t have access to Chitty
(Contracts) or Clerk & Lindsell (Tort) amongst others.
44. Cartwheel step Possible search terms
1. Broader words Bankruptcy
2. Narrower words Administration, termination, extinguish
3.Synonyms Liquidation, restructuring
4. Antonyms – might give useful cross- Solvent, credit, profit, cash flow
ref
5. Closely related words Debts, arrears, assets, estate, trustee,
creditor, debenture, property
6a. Terms of procedure Winding-up, receivership
6b. Terms of remedy Voluntary arrangement, liquidator,
administrator
7. Courts and agencies Companies House, Central Registry
for Company Winding Up Petitions,
Register of Insolvencies
8. Long shots Fraud, disqualification order
45. Group exercise
You‟ll be given an object
As a group gather together a list of all the possible
keywords you could use to search for information on
it.
These could include:
Synonyms (words that mean the same)
Antonym
Related words
Narrower/broader words
46. Applying those principles…See if you can
find this case…
An appeal on
behalf of two
men getting
their own back
on a gang who
broke into their
home with
weapons…wea
pons.
47. Improving your search
OR
Phrases
Wildcards
Truncation
And
Proximity
*Use the Terms in Context
to help you filter*
51. Connectors
and or
NARROWS SEARCH BROADENS SEARCH
• Use when both words • Use for synonyms
HAVE to appear • Use for abbreviations
• Use when both words • Use when you don‟t mind
have to appear but not which word appears so
next to each other long as one of them does
79. Why is Lexis an essential resource?
Full text of 56 law
reports including the
Law Reports and All
ER.
Searching by party
name, citation and
subject
Some details of history
of the case and
subsequent treatment.
84. Background stuff
Case history – tracks the different instances of this case
(e.g. Fam division, Court of Appeal, HL) – check the
signal for how that case has been received – e.g. good
law?
Cases referring to this case – where has been used
since? Positive (applied, followed) or negative (doubted)?
Or just neutral (noted)?
Catchwords and digest - abstract
85. Key
Negative Treatment Icon
The decision has been subsequently reversed, disapproved
or overruled.
Cautionary Treatment Icon
The decision has had some doubt cast on it.
Positive Treatment Icon
The decision has received positive treatment : affirmed,
applied, etc.
Neutral Treatment Icon
The decision has received neutral or ambivalent treatment :
considered, explained, etc.
Citation Information Icon
No treatment has been given - only citation information
available.
86. Case search
Just click on citation for
full text of case
96. Commentary = Books
Huge numbers of
practitioner texts:
Blackstone‟s Criminal
Practice
Encyclopedias – banking,
Clarke Hall and Morrison
on Children
Paget‟s Law of Banking
Whish: Competition Law
Lester, Pannick and
Herberg: Human Rights
Law and Practice
98. Your turn
• Find the following
article in the Journal of
Criminal Law:
Unfitness to plead and
the overlap with Doli
Incapax: an
examination of the Law
Commission’s
proposals for a new
capacity test
Helen Howard
(2011) JCL 75 (380)
99. Some insults to finish…
Can you find the name
of the case where the
defendant called
someone a „monkey-
faced tart‟?
100. Second one…
In which case did a well-known actor, director and
writer bring an action against a journalist for writing
statements which purported him to be „hideously
ugly‟?
Editor's Notes
Good for finding out random facts…not so good for legal research…
Who?Name & responsibilitiesContact detailsIndividual or organisation?Where? Domain-check the URLs for an indication of the type of organisations who created the site.edu .ac .gov all educational or governmental sites.com commercial site When? When was the site last updatedPurpose Are aims of website clear? Is website designed to steer you towards a particular point of view? Content Written in ‘Good’ English No spelling mistakes Any bias? Any ads? …may indicate biasWhat?Serious or hoax?Evidence?Problems online:Might not be up-to-dateNot a good source to use for essays – you don’t know where their info has come from-Risky for plagiarism-Need to sense game plan-
AlertsFolders
Show terms in context
Getting the right keyword can be difficult Good to get into the habit of brainstorming your search before typing.Remember the databases will only look for exactly what you tell them tooNeed to think of synonyms, related words etc