The document discusses various topics related to law and ethics in healthcare. It defines key concepts like torts, standards of care, intentional vs unintentional torts, assault, battery, negligence, malpractice, informed consent and more. It also discusses various Indian laws related to healthcare like the Transplantation of Human Organs Act, Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, and Biomedical Waste Management rules. Finally, it covers principles of ethics like autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, fidelity, justice and veracity as well as ethical dilemmas in nursing.
The health care system and the nursing profession is expanding globally , there fore it is important for nurses to know the trends, issues and challenges in new millennium.
Nursing audit assists in:
1. Evaluating Nursing care given,
2. Achieving deserved and feasible quality of nursing care,
3. Stimulating better nursing records maintenance,
4. Focuses on patient care provided and not on care provider,
5. Contributes to research in nursing.
CODE OF ETHICS: The guiding principle in nursing
code are the direction of conduct , understanding of what is right and wrong while providing care in the hospital and community settings.The ICN code of ethics are the milestone to establish nursing as a profession.
THE EXPENSE OF QUALITY IS AN INTERACTIVE PROCESS BETWEEN CUSTOMER & PROVIDER. QUALITY ASSURANCE USUALLY FOCUSES ON MATERIAL, GOOD WORK & SERVICE PROVIDED EFFECTIVELY. ANY LACK IN SERVICE PROVIDED CAUSES DECREASE IN QUALITY
THERE ARE LAW ASPECT IN ALMOST EVERY PROFESSION IN THE WORLD.THIS PRESENTATION IS THE LEGAL ASPECT OF PROFESSIONAL NURSES IN INDIA,IT ALSO COVER THE LATEST MENTAL HEALTH BILL.
The health care system and the nursing profession is expanding globally , there fore it is important for nurses to know the trends, issues and challenges in new millennium.
Nursing audit assists in:
1. Evaluating Nursing care given,
2. Achieving deserved and feasible quality of nursing care,
3. Stimulating better nursing records maintenance,
4. Focuses on patient care provided and not on care provider,
5. Contributes to research in nursing.
CODE OF ETHICS: The guiding principle in nursing
code are the direction of conduct , understanding of what is right and wrong while providing care in the hospital and community settings.The ICN code of ethics are the milestone to establish nursing as a profession.
THE EXPENSE OF QUALITY IS AN INTERACTIVE PROCESS BETWEEN CUSTOMER & PROVIDER. QUALITY ASSURANCE USUALLY FOCUSES ON MATERIAL, GOOD WORK & SERVICE PROVIDED EFFECTIVELY. ANY LACK IN SERVICE PROVIDED CAUSES DECREASE IN QUALITY
THERE ARE LAW ASPECT IN ALMOST EVERY PROFESSION IN THE WORLD.THIS PRESENTATION IS THE LEGAL ASPECT OF PROFESSIONAL NURSES IN INDIA,IT ALSO COVER THE LATEST MENTAL HEALTH BILL.
“Juris”- Law “Prudentia”- Knowledge . Therefore, Knowledge of Law
-In relation to practice of Medicine
-In relation with legal consequences
Medical Jurisprudence is also known as legal medicine.
Medical jurisprudence or legal medicine is the branch of science and medicine involving the study and application of scientific and medical knowledge to legal problems, such as inquests and in the field of law.
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5 The Physician–Patient Relationship Learning Objectives After.docxalinainglis
5 The Physician–Patient Relationship
Learning Objectives
After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
· 1. Define the key terms.
· 2. Describe the rights a physician has when practicing medicine and when accepting a patient.
· 3. Discuss the nine principles of medical ethics as designated by the American Medical Association (AMA).
· 4. Summarize “A Patient’s Bill of Rights.”
· 5. Understand standard of care and how it is applied to the practice of medicine.
· 6. Discuss three patient self-determination acts.
· 7. Describe the difference between implied consent and informed consent.
Key Terms
Abandonment
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Advance directive
Against medical advice (AMA)
Agent
Consent
Do not resuscitate (DNR)
Durable power of attorney
Human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV)
Implied consent
Informed (or expressed)
consent
Incompetent patient
In loco parentis
Living will
Minor
Noncompliant patient
Parens patriae authority
Privileged communication
Prognosis
Proxy
Uniform Anatomical Gift Act
THE CASE OF DAVID Z. AND AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS)
David, who has suffered with ALS for 20 years, is now hospitalized in a private religious hospital on a respirator. He spoke with his physician before he became incapacitated and asked that he be allowed to die if the suffering became too much for him. The physician agreed that, while he would not give David any drugs to assist a suicide, he would discontinue David’s respirator if asked to do so. David has now indicated through a prearranged code of blinking eye movements that he wants the respirator discontinued. David had signed his living will before he became ill, indicating that he did not want extraordinary means keeping him alive.
The nursing staff has alerted the hospital administrator about the impending discontinuation of the respirator. The administrator tells the physician that this is against the hospital’s policy. She states that once a patient is placed on a respirator, the family must seek a court order to have him or her removed from this type of life support. In addition, it is against hospital policy to have any staff members present during such a procedure. After consulting with the family, the physician orders an ambulance to transport the patient back to his home, where the physician discontinues the life support.
· 1. What were the primary concerns of the hospital?
· 2. What was the physician’s primary concern?
· 3. When should the discussion about the patient’s future plans have taken place with the hospital administrator?
Introduction
Few topics are as important as the physician–patient relationship. This relationship impacts the entire healthcare team. All healthcare professionals who interact with the patient must understand their responsibilities to both the patient and the physician. The patient’s right to confidentiality must always be paramount.
The first physicians were “medicine men,” witch doctors, or sorcerers. The physician–pa.
Code of ethics and legal practices has been very old element in the professional management of the doctor’s behaviour. The ethical practices or code shows a commitment to act with honesty in extreme situations. At the time patients seek medical treatment they are not just entering a normal social relationship, they often feel vulnerable but required to share and expose important aspects of their lives. Codes of ethical conducts provide some tangible safety to both doctors and patients in such circumstances. In the below report, the researcher is explaining ethical, legal and
professional guidelines and principles for health care as well as its implications in the healthcare sector of the United Kingdom. After reading this report, the reader would be able to understand how healthcare adopts ethical practices at the workplace and ensures protection of patients in their medical treatment.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
Struggling with intense fears that disrupt your life? At Renew Life Hypnosis, we offer specialized hypnosis to overcome fear. Phobias are exaggerated fears, often stemming from past traumas or learned behaviors. Hypnotherapy addresses these deep-seated fears by accessing the subconscious mind, helping you change your reactions to phobic triggers. Our expert therapists guide you into a state of deep relaxation, allowing you to transform your responses and reduce anxiety. Experience increased confidence and freedom from phobias with our personalized approach. Ready to live a fear-free life? Visit us at Renew Life Hypnosis..
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
2. Law may be defined as “the principles and
regulations established in a community by
some authority and applicable to its people
whether in the form of legislation or of
custom and policies recognized by judicial
decision
CRIMINAL LAW
CIVIL LAW
3. A tort is a civil wrong or injury for which
the court provides a remedy in the form of
money damages (black ,1999)
Intentional torts
Unintentional torts
4. Nursing standards of care are the legal
guidelines for minimally safe and adequate
nursing practice
Written policies and procedures of an
employing institution defines the standards
of care for nurses at that institution
6. Assault is any intentional threat to bring
about harmful or offensive contact with
another individual, no actual contact is
necessary
Eg. threatening a patient to give an
injection
Restrain a patient for an x-ray procedure
when the patient has refused consent
7. Battery is an intentional touching without
consent ,the contact is harmful to the
patient and causes an injury , or it is
merely offensive to the patient dignity
Eg. Giving an injection without patient
consent
A patient gives consent for left knee repair
but the surgeon performs right knee
surgery
8. Making a person stay in pace against is
wishes is false imprisonment
Eg. Restraining or confining a patient to a
locked room without proper consent could
constitute false imprisonment
9. Fraud is a willful and purposeful
misrepresentation that could cause or
caused harm to a person or property
Eg. giving incorrect information to obtain a
better positon or job
11. Negligence is conduct that falls below the
standard of care
Malpractice is one type of negligence called
professional negligence
12. Medication errors that result injury to
patient
Burns caused by equipment or spills of hot
liquids
Falls resulting in injury to patients
Errors in sponge ,instrument ,needle, count
in surgery cases
Failure to give adequate report , notify
physician, adequate monitoring the patient
13. INFORMED CONSENT Informed
consent is a patients agreement to allow
something to happen, such as surgery based
on a full disclosure of risks, benefits
alternatives and consequences of refusal
(Black, 1999)
DOCUMENTATION
EXECUTING PHYSICIANS ORDER
GOOD SAMARITAN LAW
PATIENT EDUCATION
PRIVILEGED COMMUNICATION
14. Informed consent is a patients agreement to
allow something to happen, such as surgery
based on a full disclosure of risks, benefits
alternatives and consequences of refusal
(Black, 1999)
15.
16. CONFIDENTIALITY
ADVANCE DIRECTIVE
advance directives are legal documents stating
the wishes of individuals regarding health care in
institutions in which they are no longer capable of
giving personal informed consent
types; living wills
durable power of attorny
AUTOPSIES
17. ORGAN AND TISSUE DONATION
In India 5,00,000 people die because of
non availability of organs per year and
1,50,000 people await a kidney transplant
but only 5,000 get one 10 lakh people suffer
from corneal blindness and await transplant
(Times of india)
Types;
live donation
cedaveric donation
18. The transplantation of human organs
act, 1994
an act to provide for the regulation of
removal, storage and transplantation of
human organs for therapeutic purposes and
for the prevention of commercial dealings in
human organs and for matter connected
with it.
transplantation of human organs bill
2013
19. Medical termination of pregnancy act -1971
The prenatal diagnostic techniques act and
rules
20. Narcotics drugs and psychotropic
substances act 1985
Mental health act ,1987
21. Consumer protection act
Prohibition of sexual harassment of women
at workplace bill,2010
Biomedical waste (management and
handling) rules,1998
22.
23. The word ethics derived from the Greek
term ethos, which means ‘customs`
Ethics can be defined as a branch of
philosophy that involves systematizing ,
defending and recommending concepts of
right and wrong conduct, often addressing
deputes of moral diversity(wikipedia)
25. It involves the right of self-determination or
choice, independence and freedom
Eg;the purposes of the preoperative
consent is to assure in writing that the
health care team respects the patients
independence by obtaining permission to
proceed
26. This principle promotes taking positive,
active steps to help others
Eg; a child immunisation causes discomfort
during administration but the benefits of
protection from disease both individual and
for society,outweigh the temporary
discomforts
27. It refers to the fundamental agreement to
do no harm
Eg;
28. It refers to the agreement to keep promises
, commitments ,responsibilities that one
has made oneself and others
Eg; if you assess a patient for pain and then
offer a plan to manage it, this principle
encourages you to do your best to keep the
promise to improve the patients comfort
29. Telling the truth or intentionally decieving or
misleading patient
Eg; should you tell the truth when you
know that it might cause harm to the
client?
families go to great lengthens to protect a
dying patient from the harsh truth of his
prognosis ,and the patient himself may not
wish to know
30. It refers principle of fairness
It implies equal treatment of all clients
Eg ;a national multidisciplinary committee
strives for fairness by ranking recipients
according to need, rather than resorting to
selling organs .
31. Code of ethics is defined as `a specific set
of professional behaviours and values the
professional interpreter must know and
abide by including confidentiality, accuracy,
privacy, integrity.
32. An ethical dilemma is a situation in
which a choice must be made between
two equally undesirable actions
33. 1. STAFF SHORTAGE
2. CULTURAL AND RELGIOUS SENSITIVITY
3. DELEGATION
4. TRUTH TELLING VS DECEPTION
34. Knowledge of staff nurses regarding legal and
ethical responsibilities in the field of psychiatric
nursing
A study to assess knowledge ,attitude and
practice of nurses regarding legal and ethical
concepts of nursing care of children in nicu and
picu of selected hospitals in chennai.
Nurses responses to ethical dilemmas in nursing
practice ;meta analysis