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This document provides an overview of Henri Lefebvre's theoretical background and concepts regarding the production of space. It discusses [1] Lefebvre's proposition that social space is a social product, [2] his spatial triad of spatial practice, representations of space, and representational spaces, and [3] his aim to develop a unitary theory of space that combines the physical, mental, and social.
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- 1. Production of Space Chapter 1 Plan of The Present Work Henri Lefebvre Deniz Ertürk
- 2. Theoretical Background Traditional philosophy of space • Aristotelian space and time • Cartesian space, placed in realm of absolute • Kantian space, seperated from empirical, part of consciousness realm
- 3. Theoretical Background Science of Space - in mathematics • Appropriation of space and time as abstract language (curved spaces, non-euclidean spaces, x-dimensional spaces ) • Seperate from physical and social reality • The problem of transition from mathematical to natural and social
- 4. Theoretical Background Science of Space • Political use of knowledge • An ideology concealing that use • A technological Utopia
- 5. Theoretical Background Space and the capitalist hegemony • Economical power • Hegemony of a class in the building of society • Not only violence, but also cultural and intellectual exercise by politicians, intellectuals...
- 6. Theoretical Background Unitary theory of space • Combination of physical, mental and social • Defining interrelations • Considering conflicts
- 7. Theoretical Background Division of spaces • ’The ideal and the real’ each of these two kinds of space involves, underpins and presupposes the other Spatial Code and Lefebvre’s System of Space • The aim is to expose the actual production of space by unifying various kinds of space together within a single theory.
- 8. Theoretical Background Decoding the spaces • Surrealism, from mental ‘inner world’ to the material realm of body and the outside world • Bataille’s tragically apprehended unity of mental, physical and social • Lafitte’s ‘mechanology’: consisting of active and passive machines.
- 9. Theoretical Background Fetishization of space in the service of state • Hegelian space as occupied by the state • Nietzche’s concept of space consisting both the state and its negation • Marxist concept of class struggle
- 10. • The aim is to detonate the given codes and construct a new code of space • Movement from products to production Proposition: ‘ (Social) space is a (social) product’
- 11. The illusions that conceal the fact, ‘social space is a social product.’ • illusion of transparency - a view of space as innocent, as free of traps or secret places - comprehensible, without obstacles • the realistic illusion - 'things' have more of an existence than the 'subject‘
- 12. Implications of the proposition, ‘social space is a social product’ : 1. Natural space is disappearing 2. Every society, every mode of production, produces its own space 3. Our knowledge of “space as a product” must be expected to reproduce and expound the process of production
- 13. Spatial Triad • Spatial Practice - Includes production and reproduction - Particular locations and spatial sets - Physical • Representations of Space - Conceptualized by planners, scientists - The ideal space of given system - Mental • Representational Space - Directly lived through its associated images and symbols - Space of 'inhabitants' and 'users,' but also of some artists - Combination of mental and physical
- 14. Spatial Triad • Spatial Practice (Perceived) • Representations of Space (Conceived) ‘trialectics of spatiality’ The adoption of Lefebvre’s • Representational Space concept by Edward Soja. (Gregory, 2000) (Lived)
- 15. Implications of the proposition, ‘social space is a social product’ : 4. If space is produced, if there is a productive process, we are dealing with history. The history of space and its production. - Space is reproduced passing from one mode of production to another.
- 16. • Absolute Space (concrete) Physical and natural space including the everyday life. • Abstract Space Superstructure of economical and political institutions.
- 19. Conclusions • Lefebvre’s system of space sets itself in opposition to homogenizing efforts of state, politicalpower, world market (abstract space) • It implies the mobilization of differences • He exposes the dynamics of capitalist commoditization and defines the space as an actively produced concept by these dynamics
- 20. References • Lefebvre, Henri 'Plan of the Present Work' in The Production of Space (Oxford. Cambridge: Blackwell, 2002) (First published 1974. English translation first published 1991), pp.: 1-67. • Gregory, Derek ‘Production of Space’ in The Dictionary of Human Geography (Blackwell,2000), pp: 644-647, • Gregory, Derek ‘Trialectics’ in The Dictionary of Human Geography (Blackwell,2000), pp:776