talks about how and why archigram happeneed. floating city and walking city is included.

1. 1.ARCHIGRAM
2.FLOATING CITY
3.WALKING CITY
WADIYAR CENTRE FOR ARCH
MYSURU

2. Archigram was an avant-garde architectural group formed in the 1960s - based at
the Architectural Association, London - that was neofuturistic, anti-heroic and pro-
consumerist, drawing inspiration from technology in order to create a new reality that
was solely expressed through hypothetical projects. The main members of the group
were Peter Cook, Warren Chalk, Ron Herron, Dennis Crompton, Michael
Webb and David Greene. Designer Theo Crosby was the "hidden hand" behind the
group. He gave them coverage in Architectural Design magazine , brought them to the
attention of the Institute of Contemporary Arts (ICA) in London, where, in 1963, they
mounted an exhibition called Living Cities, and in 1964 brought them into the Taylor
Woodrow Design Group, which he headed, to take on experimental projects. The
pamphlet Archigram I was printed in 1961 to proclaim their ideas. Committed to a 'high
tech', light weight, infra-structural approach that was focused towards survival
technology, the group experimented with modular technology, mobility through the
environment, space capsules and mass-consumer imagery. Their works offered a
seductive vision of a glamorous future machine age; however, social and environmental
issues were left unaddressed.
Archigram agitated to prevent modernism from becoming a sterile and safe orthodoxy
by its adherents. Unlike ephemeralisation from Buckminster Fuller which assumes
more must be done with less material (because material is finite), Archigram relies on a
future of interminable resources.
NOTE:
The avant-garde are people or works that are
experimental, radical, or unorthodox with respect
to art, culture, or society.It may be characterized
by nontraditional, aesthetic innovation and initial
unacceptability and it may offer a critique of
therelationship between producer and consumer.
The avant-garde pushes the boundaries of what
is accepted as the norm or the status quo,
primarily in the cultural realm.
The avant-garde is considered by some to be a
hallmark of modernism, as distinct
from postmodernism. Many artists have aligned
themselves with the avant-garde movement and
still continue to do so, tracing a history
from Dada through the Situationists to
postmodern artists such as the Language
poets around 1981.
ARCHITECTURE WITHOUT ARCHITECTURE
BY SIMON SADLER
https://issuu.com/filipesilva/docs/0262693224

3. Source:
www.archigram.
net

4. -Between 1960 and 1974 Archigram created over 900 drawings, among them the
plan for the “Plug-in City” by Peter Cook. This provocative project suggests a
hypothetical fantasy city, containing modular residential units that “plug in” to a
central infrastructural mega machine. The Plug-in City is in fact not a city, but a
constantly evolving mega structure that incorporates residences, transportation
and other essential services--all movable by giant cranes.
-Persistent precedents and concerns
of modernism lay at the heart of Plug-
In City’s theoretical impulse, not
limited to the concept of collective
living, integration of transportation and
the accommodation of rapid change in
the urban environment. In his
book Archigram: Architecture without
Architecture, Simon Sadler suggests
that
“The aesthetic of incompleteness,
apparent throughout the Plug-In
scheme and more marked than in
mega structural precedents, may have
derived from the construction sites of
the building boom that followed the
economic reconstruction of Europe.”
SOURCE: WWW.ARCHDAILY.COM
WWW.ISSUU.COM
WWW.ARCHIGRAM.COM

5. FLOATING CITY:
The utopian mega structural visions of the avant-garde
Metabolists initially appear to suggest a new urbanism
primarily driven by the employment of futuristic technology.
However, a closer reading of the movement reveals itself as a
critical response against functionalist modernism and an
attempt to assimilate Japanese tradition into modern
architecture.
A critical study of Kenzo Tange and Kisho Kurokawa, two
figures central to Metabolism, reveals that both architects
adopted distinctively different approaches in their utilization of
tradition; while Tange is observed to adopt an occasionally
formalistic – and arguably, predictable – approach,
Kurokawa’s is characterized by the use of abstract
philosophical references, littered with neologisms.
NOTE:
Metabolism was a post-war Japanese
architectural movement that fused ideas
about architectural mega structures with
those of organic biological growth. It had its
first international exposure during CIAM's
1959 meeting and its ideas were tentatively
tested by students from Kenzo
Tange's MIT studio.
During the preparation for the 1960 Tōkyō
World Design Conference a group of young
architects and designers, including Kiyonori
Kikutake, Kisho Kurokawa and Fumihiko
Maki prepared the publication of the
Metabolism manifesto. They were
influenced by a wide variety of sources
including Marxist theories and biological
processes. Their manifesto was a series of
four essays entitled: Ocean City, Space
City, Towards Group Form, and Material
and Man, and it also included designs for
vast cities that floated on the oceans and
plug-in capsule towers that could
incorporate organic growth. Although the
World Design Conference gave the
Metabolists exposure on the international
stage their ideas remained largely
theoretical.

6. -Plan for Tokyo, 1960. Details of the model. Kenzo Tange. This huge
fleet of units up to 300 m wide, with roofs like Japanese temples that
seemed to be floating in the water, contained the residences
-Plan for Tokyo, 1960. Photomontage and
model. Kenzo Tange. The huge monumental
axis built across the Tokyo Bay was designed
for cars, keeping pedestrians away in
separate areas through a hierarchy of
expressways. The proposal differed from the
ideas of CIAM, which was in favor of "urban
centers" and proposed "civic areas" instead.
-Plan for Tokyo, 1960. System piles and nuclei. Kenzo
Tange. Influenced by the ideas of Le Corbusier, Tange
proposes that "Pilotis areas constitute spatial links between
public and private areas. They are the areas in which the flow
of traffic meets with stable architectural space. Core systems,
on the other hand, link urban arteries with the buildings." Both
cores and piles were integrated into a single system.

7. The Walking City was an idea proposed by British architect Ron Herron in 1964. In an article in avant-garde architecture journal
Archigram, Ron Herron proposed building massive mobile robotic structures, with their own intelligence, that could freely roam the world,
moving to wherever their resources or manufacturing abilities were needed. Various walking cities could interconnect with each other to
form larger 'walking metropolises' when needed, and then disperse when their concentrated power was no longer necessary. Individual
buildings or structures could also be mobile, moving wherever their owner wanted or needs dictated.
During the building of the U.S transcontinental railroad, a mobile town of support personnel, restaurants, saloons, and various recreation
facilities (laundry, gambling, dance halls, etc.) followed the railroad; the town was colloquially known as Hell on Wheels...
Floating cities:
The largest supercarriers in the world loosely fit the technical definition of a walking city
Various types of ships resemble walking cities in function and in scope. Seacraft are the largest vehicles ever built by humans, and thus the
only ones that have reached a scale compatible with Ron Herron's original concept.
Aircraft carriers are the only modern device closely resembling a walking city in concept or scope. An American Nimitz- class aircraft
carrier holds over six thousand crewmen and is over a quarter of a mile long. An aircraft carrier could be considered a walking city whose
primary resource or function is that of an aircraft maintenance, supply and launching center which moves about the globe fulfilling its
function where it is most needed while stopping occasionally for resupply (Glassco, 2004)
.
The world's largest cruise liners are also equipped to hold thousands of people, with all the amenities of modern life - including shopping
malls, ice rinks, radio and television stations and wedding chapels. However, they are not intended for the extended living that military
vessels such as aircraft carriers are.
After audacious projects such as the Freedom Ship have failed, the only serious attempt to emulate a floating city is Seasteading, which
aims to create permanent dwellings at sea, outside the territories claimed by the governments of any standing nation, in order to allow free
market competition and Darwinian natural section among forms of governance.

9. THANK YOU
Sanjith raaju hv