LED LIGHTING FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY. ALL ABOUT LED LIGHTING , COLOUR OF LED AND FUTURE OF LED LIGHTING.

1. WELCOME

2. LED LIGHTING FOR ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
PRESENTED BY-
BHUPATI BHAKTIMANAS PRADHAN
(EE / 1501298212)
GUIDED BY-
Prof.GANESH PRASAD KHUNTIA
(HOD DEPT.EEE)

3. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 WHY LED?
 WHAT IS LED?
 WHATARE LEDS?
 PHYSICS OF THE LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
 POWER CONSUMPTION OF LED LIGHT BULBS
 INCANDESCENT LIGHT BULB
 POWER AND LIGHT RELATION INCANDESCENT LIGHT BULB
 DISADVANTAGES OF INCANDESCENT BULB
 LED LIGHTING TRENDS
 LIGHT INTENSITY COMPARISON :
 ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN INDIA
 WHY ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN LIGHTING?
 COST COMPARISON
 FUTURE SCOPE
 CONCLUSIONS
 REFERENCES

4. INTRODUCTION -
The electricity used over the lifetime of a single incandescent
bulb costs 5 to 10 times the original purchase price of the bulb
itself. Light Emitting Diode (LED) and Compact Fluorescent Lights
(CFL) bulbs have revolutionized energy-efficient lighting.
Energy Efficient. LED lights are up to 80% more efficient than
traditional lighting such as fluorescent and incandescent lights.
95% of the energy in LEDs is converted into light and only 5% is
wasted as heat. Less energy use reduces the demand from
power plants and decreases greenhouse gas emissions.

5. More Light from Less Power - LED
• Long Life > 50000 hrs. (10-12 years), high efficacy
(102 lm/W).
• They generally consume 80% less power than
incandescent lamp and 50% of CFL.
• 12W LED can replace 65W Incandescent.

6. WHAT IS LED?
• LED is a light emitting semiconductor diode that emits light in
forward direction or in the direction it is pointed towards.
• LEDs are most often used in the form of an indicator light in
electronic devices, traffic signal lights, musical instruments and
dashboards in cars and in houses, etc.
• The color of the light produced by LED depends on the
composition of the semiconductor material used out of which
producing a blue color light is the most difficult process.
• The nature of the light emitted can be visible, infrared or
ultraviolet.

7. WHAT ARE LEDS?
LEDs used to illuminate an area -
uses multiple LEDs chips inside
a fixture to produce white light.
Blue LEDs are typically covered
with phosphor coated lens
which results in white light.

8. The LED consists of a chip of
semiconducting material doped with
impurities to create a p-n junction.
When voltage is applied, electrons and
holes flow into the junction. When an
electron meets a hole, it falls into a
lower energy level, and releases energy
in the form of light.
PHYSICS OF THE LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

9. LED COLOURING -
• Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) – infra-red
• Gallium Arsenide Phosphide (GaAsP) – red to infra-
red, orange
• Aluminium Gallium Arsenide Phosphide
(AlGaAsP) – high-brightness red, orange-red,
orange, and yellow
• Gallium Phosphide (GaP) – red, yellow and green
• Aluminium Gallium Phosphide (AlGaP) – green
• Gallium Nitride (GaN) – green, emerald green
• Gallium Indium Nitride (GaInN) – near ultraviolet,
bluish-green and blue
• Silicon Carbide (SiC) – blue as a substrate
• Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) – blue
• Aluminium Gallium Nitride (AlGaN) – ultraviolet

10. POWER CONSUMPTION OF LED LIGHT BULBS
• Most modern LED operate in a range of 2 to 4 volts and
consume anywhere between 350mA and 1500mA. The power
consumption varies from manufacturer to manufacturer and
also because of the purpose for which the LED was designed.
• Another factor that affects power consumption of LEDs is for
the fact that LEDs can not be dimmed.
• Now a days using latest of the LED manufacturing technology,
manufacturers are able to produce LEDs that are not only super
bright but also consume less power while producing light of
higher intensity.

11. INCANDESCENT LIGHT BULB
•Light is emitted by a hot tungsten
filament
• that is heated electrically
• and that emits thermal radiation
• that includes visible light
•Heat is flowing from the hotter
filament to its cooler surrounding
as thermal radiation, that is partly
visible light

12. POWER AND LIGHT RELATION INCANDESCENT LIGHT BULB
Light bulb filament maintains zero net power
• Its thermal power out must equal electrical power in
• so its radiated power increases with electrical power.
Higher wattage bulbs
• use larger filaments with more surface area,
• obtain more electrical power,
• maintain the usual 2500 C filament temperature,
• and radiate more visible light overall.

13. DISADVANTAGES OF INCANDESCENT BULB
• Low Efficacy
The process of lighting the tungsten filament produces more heat than light.That
means that the efficiency of the bulb is very low as 90% of the energy is simply wasted to
generate heat which no one actually needs.
• Short Lifespan
As mentioned before, in a long-term perspective, incandescent bulb is the worst option
to choose.The bulb has a very short lifespan which means you have to buy several bulbs
throughout the year.
• Costs Involved
It is a well-known fact that incandescent bulbs consume a lot of energy compared to
alternative bulbs. If you are trying to be environment-conscious, incandescent bulb surely is a
thing to quit as by using incandescent bulbs all over your home, you are making a notable
carbon footprint equal to the amount of energy that has been wasted.

14. COMPARING LEDS TO OTHER LIGHTING

15. LED LIGHTING TRENDS
• Increased lumen
output/reduced cost
• Greater standardization in
LED lighting products
• Consolidation in LED
lighting industry
• OLED – Organic Light
Emitting Diode
YEAR---
USAGES--

16. Light
Output
Light
Emitting
Diodes
(LEDs)
Compac
t
Fluores
cents
(CFLs)
Incande
scent
Light
Bulbs
Lumens Watts Watts Watts
450 4-5 9-13 40
800 6-8 13-15 60
1,100 9-13 18-25 75
1,600 16-20 23-30 100
2,600 25-28 30-55 150
LIGHT INTENSITY COMPARISON :

17. ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN INDIA
• One-fifth of electricity consumption in India is through
lighting
• Lighting contributes significantly to peak load
• A large portion of total lighting is used in inefficient
technologies
• About 400 million light points in India today are lighted by
incandescent bulbs; their replacement by CFLs would lead
to a reduction of over 10,000 MW in electricity demand

18. WHY ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN LIGHTING?
• High and rising energy prices
• Change in Global Climate
• Exhaustion of Non Renewable Sources for electricity
Generation
• Leads to reduction of investment for expansion of
electric power sector

19. Energy Efficiency
& Energy Costs
Light Emitting Diodes
(LEDs)
Compact
Fluorescents
(CFLs)
Incandescent Light
Bulbs
Life Span (average) 50,000 hours 8,000 hours 1,200 hours
Watts of electricity used
(equivalent to 60 watt bulb).
LEDs use less power (watts) per
unit of light generated (lumens).
LEDs help reduce greenhouse gas
emissions from power plants and
lower electric bills
6 - 8 watts 13-15
watts
60 watts
Kilo-watts of Electricity used
(30 Incandescent Bulbs per year
equivalent)
329 KWh/yr. 767 KWh/yr. 3285 KWh/yr.
Annual Operating Cost
(30 Incandescent Bulbs per year
equivalent)
₹ 2246.23/year ₹ 5241.21/year ₹ 22486.27/year
COST COMPARISON

21. FUTURE SCOPE
• LED street light
• Domestic lighting
• Traffic signals
• Virtual moon

22. CONCLUSIONS
LEDs are expected to become the primary domestic light sources in the near
future
 Use of energy efficient lamps like CFL, LED,T-5 fluorescent lamp, etc. lead to
enormous amount of energy savings which is estimated as 50 to 80%.
 Electronic gears of conservation of energy like electronic ballast saves energy
within the range of 10 to 20%.
 Solar lighting systems such as Lanterns, Street Lights, Home Lights, etc. can
be effectively used, especially in areas of where lighting is required for shorter
duration.This will not only lead to energy conservation but also encourage use
of non-conventional and environmental friendly energy system.

23. REFERENCES
• ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING SYSTEMS ; B.V.Raghavaiah , A.K.Khanra
,rajendra singh.
• ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING ;Prof. Suryanarayana doolla.
• ENERGY EFFICIENCY SOLUTIONS USING LED LIGHTING ;Mary
bentsen, education and training coordinator, SAIC, an ameren illinois acton energy partner.
• THE LATEST IN ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING; Jeff kramer, philips
lighting, technical support rep.
• ACCELERATING THE GLOBAL ADOPTION OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT
LIGHTING; UN environment – global environment facility | united for efficiency (UAE).
• LED LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY; Dan kaser.
• LED LIGHTING ; Cooper crouse-hinds.
• INCANDESCENT LIGHTBULBS; Valencia college

24. ANY
QUESTIONS
?