The document discusses leading causes of death across the lifespan, including congenital abnormalities and SIDS for infants under 1, accidents for children over 1, and heart disease, cancer, and stroke for adults and the elderly. It also discusses gender differences in mortality, with women living longer than men on average due to riskier behaviors and occupations among men. Finally, it covers heart disease, hypertension, and stroke in more detail, outlining symptoms, risk factors, treatment options, and effects.
Global Medical Cures™ | Preventing Stroke
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Global Medical Cures™ | Preventing Stroke
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Difficulties in Treating Patients with Traumatic Brain injuryjamesyoungmd
Traumatic Brain Injury occurs every 15 seconds with 500,000 requiring hospitalization. It is the leading killer and cause of disability in children and young adults. Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of death in the U.S. More than 2.5 million drivers and passengers were treated in emergency departments as the result of being injured in motor vehicle crashes in 2012. The economic impact is also notable: in a one-year period, the cost of medical care and productivity losses associated with injuries from motor vehicle crashes exceeded $80 billion. http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars, 2010
An estimated 2.4 million children and adults in the U.S. sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and another 795,000 individuals sustain an acquired brain injury (ABI) from non-traumatic causes each year.
Currently more than 5.3 million children and adults in the U.S. live with a lifelong disability as a result of TBI and an estimated 1.1 million have a disability due to stroke.
(Statistics courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control and the Stroke Fact Sheet
Prevention and treatment of heart diseaseshanikrupa
Shanikrupaheartcare is the best hospital to cure all types of heart disease. Shanikrupaheartcare also helps to Avoid bypass surgery in India we are proving this treatments in Pune, India.
Our AIM is non surgical cardiac treatment where we use 3 Dimentional Cardiovascular Cartography for diagnosis of disease & Arterial Clearance Therapy / chelation therapy & EECP therapy for the treatment of the heart disease.
Difficulties in Treating Patients with Traumatic Brain injuryjamesyoungmd
Traumatic Brain Injury occurs every 15 seconds with 500,000 requiring hospitalization. It is the leading killer and cause of disability in children and young adults. Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of death in the U.S. More than 2.5 million drivers and passengers were treated in emergency departments as the result of being injured in motor vehicle crashes in 2012. The economic impact is also notable: in a one-year period, the cost of medical care and productivity losses associated with injuries from motor vehicle crashes exceeded $80 billion. http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars, 2010
An estimated 2.4 million children and adults in the U.S. sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and another 795,000 individuals sustain an acquired brain injury (ABI) from non-traumatic causes each year.
Currently more than 5.3 million children and adults in the U.S. live with a lifelong disability as a result of TBI and an estimated 1.1 million have a disability due to stroke.
(Statistics courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control and the Stroke Fact Sheet
Prevention and treatment of heart diseaseshanikrupa
Shanikrupaheartcare is the best hospital to cure all types of heart disease. Shanikrupaheartcare also helps to Avoid bypass surgery in India we are proving this treatments in Pune, India.
Our AIM is non surgical cardiac treatment where we use 3 Dimentional Cardiovascular Cartography for diagnosis of disease & Arterial Clearance Therapy / chelation therapy & EECP therapy for the treatment of the heart disease.
Lisa Schulte Moore at the Iowa Environmental Council's annual conferenceiaenvironment
Lisa Schulte Moore, an ecologist from Iowa State University, was the featured afternoon speaker at the Iowa Environmental Council's annual conference, "Finding Iowa's Way: Economic Solutions for a Healthier Environment," held October 4, 2012, in Des Moines.
Welcome to our discussion on the fascinating topic of the difference between cardiac arrest and a heart attack.
While these terms are often used interchangeably, they actually refer to distinct medical emergencies with varying causes, symptoms, and treatments.
Understanding these differences is crucial as it can save lives and provide clarity in medical situations.
So, let's dive into this essential knowledge and shed light on the disparities between cardiac arrest and a heart attack.
Definition of heart
The heart is a roughly cone-shape hollow muscular organ situated in the middle mediastinum of the thoracic cavity that's pumps blood to the body.
Definition of heart disease
A type of disease that affects the heart or blood vessels. The risk of certain heart diseases may be increased by smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, and obesity.
In pregnancy:
Maternal heart disease includes heart defects that are present at birth and acquired heart disease later in life. These can range from simple to complex. Examples include: A hole in the wall between the two sides of the heart. A heart valve that is too narrow or one that doesn't open or close properly.
Signs:
Chest pain, chest tightness, chest pressure and chest discomfort (angina)
Shortness of breath.
Pain, numbness, weakness or coldness in your legs or arms if the blood vessels in those parts of your body are narrowed.
Pain in the neck, jaw, throat, upper abdomen or back.
It is a presentation on Heart Disease in Pregnancy 2023
Stroke is a type of cardiovascular disease.
It affects the arteries leading to and within the
brain. A stroke occurs when a blood vessel
that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain
is either blocked by a clot or bursts. When
that happens, part of the brain cannot get the
blood and oxygen it needs, so it starts to die.
Coronary arteries |Coronary Arteries Functions | Diseases- medical discussion. martinshaji
Coronary arteries diseases occurs when the major blood vessels that supply your heart with blood, oxygen, and nutrients (coronary arteries) become damaged or sick. The deposits containing cholesterol (plaques) in the arteries and infections are usually the cause of coronary artery disease.
When plaques accumulate, the coronary arteries narrow; This reduces blood flow to your heart. Ultimately, decreased blood flow may cause chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, or other signs and symptoms of coronary disease. A complete blockage can cause a heart attack.
please comment
thank you....
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
2. Psychological Issues in
Advanced and Terminal
Illness
Average life expectancy in North America is
76 years.
Leading causes of death in adults are
chronic illness
What are the leading causes of death
across the life span?
3. Mortality Rates
Leading causes of death
< 1 year
congenital abnormalities;
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Children > 1 year old
Accidents (40% of all deaths)
Cancer (especially leukemia)
Adolescence
Unintentional injury
Homicide
AIDS
4. Mortality Rates
Leading causes of death
Middle age
Sudden death due to heart attack or stroke
Cancer
Elderly
Heart disease
Cancer
Stroke
6. Potential Reasons for Gender
Differences in Mortality
Females are more hardy
Males engage in riskier behaviours (factor after
birth and infancy)
Men engage in riskier sports
Males tend to hold high stress or higher risk jobs
Men tend to have poorer health habits (e.g., drink
more alcohol)
Social support may be more protective in women
7. Risk Factors
Family history
Marital status (adds 10 yrs in men; 4 yrs in
women)
Economic status
Body weight
Exercise
Alcohol (add 2 years if drink 1-3 drinks/day)
8. Risk Factors - continued
Smoking
Disposition (add 2 yrs if reasoned, practical)
Education
Environment (add 4 yrs if rural)
Sleep (more than 9 hours subtract 5 years)
Temperature (add 2 yrs if thermostat is <
68)
Health care – regular check ups add 3 yrs
10. Adapting Under Good
Circumstances
First concern upon hearing diagnosis is
fears about mortality.
Optimistic but tentative about plans
May try to normalize activities
Risk is they may over-extend
May have feelings of helplessness
Risk is to become overly dependent
11. Three Themes of Adaptation
Find meaning: why illness happened or
rethink priorities
Gain sense of control
control symptoms and treatment
Restore self-esteem
Often by comparison with worse off others
12. Adapting Under Bad
Circumstances
Relapse seen as a bad sign with poor
prognosis
Re-focuses one on the illness
Need to undergo the coping process
again but likely less hopeful than
before.
13. Heart Disease
Due to narrowing or blocking of the
coronary arteries.
Angina pectoris
painful cramp in chest, arm, neck, or back due
to brief blockage of oxygenated blood to the
heart.
More often during exercise, stress, cold
temperature, digesting large fat meal.
Little or no permanent damage
14. Heart Disease
Myocardium
Muscle tissue around the heart
Myocardium infarction (heart attack)
Prolonged blockage of blood to an area of the
heart resulting in muscle tissue damage.
Symptoms of a heart attack
Pressure in chest, fullness, squeezing pain.
Pain spreading to shoulders, neck, or arms
Lightheadedness, fainting, sweating, nausea
15. Who Is At Risk of Heart
Disease?
Prevalence increases with age, particularly
after 45 years of age
Prior to 50s, 60s, men at greater risk than
women but increases in women after
menopause.
More women than men are likely to die
from a heart attack
Blacks at higher risk, Asians at lower risk
16. Heart Disease Risk Factors
High blood pressure
Family history
Cigarette smoking
High LDL and total cholesterol levels
Physical inactivity
Diabetes
Obesity
Stress
17. Why high blood pressure a
risk factor?
Heart has to work harder.
Since heart muscle is working harder, it
can become enlarged.
Wear and tear on the arterial wall can
increase the likelihood of lipid and calcium
deposits adhering to the arterial wall. This
leads to hardening of the arteries.
18. Type A Behaviours
Hostile, cynical
Judgmental (opinionated)
Competitive
Time urgent
Uses gestures while talking
Nodding of head while others are talking
Intense
19. Physiological Reactivity
Physiological and cardiovascular reactivity
to acute stress (“hot reactors”).
Exaggerated increases in blood pressure,
heart rate, catecholamines, corticosteroids
High levels of these hormones can
damage heart and blood vessels
Presence of epinephrine (a
catecholamine) increases the formation of
clots.
21. Psychosocial Predictors
of Sudden Cardiac Death (BDI>10)
1.00
0.95
Proportion
Surviving
0.90
Placebo, BDI <10
Placebo, BDI >10
AMIO, BDI <10
AMIO, BDI >10
0.85
0 200 400 600 800
Survival in days
22. When do heart attacks occur?
Less likely during sleep.
Among the employed, more often on a
Monday between 6 and 11 am.
In part due to waking and becoming active
shortly after dreaming which increases BP.
In part because of circadian rhythm effects,
increases in arousal hormones and blood
pressure.
23. Medical Treatment
Initial treatment may involve clot-dissolving
medication and close monitoring
Balloon angioplasty
Tiny balloon is inserted into blocked vessel and
inflated to open blood vessel
Bypass surgery
Use grafted vessel (e.g., piece from leg) to
bypass blockage in artery to the heart
24. Medical Treatment
Medications (e.g., beta blockers, calcium
channel blockers) to protect heart and
improve function.
Risk management
Control of high blood pressure
Control of lipid abnormalities
25. Rehabilitation
Promote recovery and reduce risk of
another attack
Heart disease is chronic condition
requiring ongoing management.
26. Rehabilitation Includes:
Exercise
Physiological and psychological benefits
Weight management
Smoking cessation
Lipid and BP management include dietary
changes to control lipids
Reduce excessive alcohol intake
Stress management
27. Rehabilitation
Exercise is the key component but:
50% drop-out rate within first 6 months
For those who continue benefits include:
Improved self concept, perceived health,
sexual activity, involvement in social activities.
Those who stop are more likely to:
Smoke, have poorer cardiac function, have
higher body weight, be more sedentary,
experience greater anxiety and depression.
28. Symptoms of a Stroke
Sudden
weakness or numbness of the face, arm, or leg
(usually on one side of the body)
dimness or loss of vision (usually one eye)
Loss of speech or trouble talking or
understanding speech
Unexplained, severe headache
Dizziness, unsteadiness, or sudden fall
29. What is a stroke?
Tissue damage to area of the brain due to
disruption in blood supply, depriving that
area of the brain of oxygen.
30. Causes of Strokes
1. Infarction – blockage in cerebral artery
that cuts off or reduces blood supply
a) Thrombosis – blood clot
b) Embolus – piece of plaque becomes lodged
in the artery.
2. Hemorrhage – happens suddenly. Less
frequent than infarction but more
damaging and more likely to cause death.
31. Stroke Risk Factors
Rare up to age 55, than risk increases
sharply with age (doubling with each
decade).
More common in men but women more
likely to die from them.
Rates highest among blacks and lowest
among Asians.
Family history
32. Stroke Risk Factors
High blood pressure
Cigarette smoking
Heart disease, diabetes, and their risk
factors such as obesity and physical
inactivity.
High red blood cell count (making the
blood thicker and likelier to clot).
Mini-strokes – transient ischemic attacks
(TIA)
33. Effects of a Stroke
Some motor, sensory, cognitive, or speech
impairment usually occurs
Limitations may be permanent but lessen
in severity over time.
Younger patients recover better
Impairments caused by hemorrhages
more easily overcome than those caused
by infarctions.
34. Effects of Stroke
Motor impairments often due to paralysis
on one side of the body (side opposite to
brain damage).
After about 6 weeks of rehab about 50% of
patients can perform independently (many with
cane or walker).
Language, learning, memory, and
perception problems depend on location of
the injury.
35. Effects of Stroke
Left-hemisphere damage more commonly
associated with language problems called
aphasia.
Receptive aphasia – difficulty understanding
verbal information.
Expressive aphasia – difficulty producing and
using language.
Damage to right side of brain often
associated with difficulties in visual
processing and emotions.
36. Psychosocial Aspects of
Stroke
Denial is common
Unclear whether psychological or physiological
basis.
This ambiguity also applies to depression
when it occurs after a stroke.
Less than ½ of the patients return to work
following a stroke.
Editor's Notes
SIDS is higher in lower class urban environments, when mother smoked during pregnancy, and when baby is put to sleep lying on his/her stomach or side. Accidents due to accidental poisoning, injuries, or falls. Later the main cause of death dues to accidents is automobile accidents. Remember that leukemia strikes the bone marrow producing an excessive amount of white blood cells, resulting in severe anemia and other complications.
When asked how they would like to die, most say sudden death. By the way, in women under the age of menopause, breast cancer remains the number one cause of premature deaths.
More fit – more males are conceived but more female fetuses are born. This trend persist in infancy so that more male babies are likely to die. Thus, females may be more hardy.
More fit – more males are conceived but more female fetuses are born. This trend persist in infancy so that more male babies are likely to die. Thus, females may be more hardy. Essentially, no one really knows why there is the female advantage. Conflicting reports on social support since marriage appears to benefit men more than women. All of these factors may operate to increase the mortality rates in men.
30%-40% of stroke victims have another stroke within five years.
High scores on the Beck Depression Inventory in the placebo group was associated with a 2-times greater risk of mortality over 2 –years follow-up. Irvine J, Basinski A, Baker B, Jandciu S, Paquette M, Cairns J, Connolly S, Gent M, Roberts R, Dorian P. Depression and risk of sudden cardiac death after acute myocardial infarction: Testing for the confounding effects of fatigue. Psychosomatic Medicine, 1999; 61: 729 -737
TIAs may occur one or more times before a stroke.
The difficulty with emotions can be either managing their own emotions or understanding those of others.