Fluid Mechanics and neumatics Engineering third module Abhinand72
Diploma in tool and die
Kerala Government Polytechnic College
2nd year tool and Die department subject
About fluid
About pneumatic
mechanical property of fluid
Mechanical property of pneumatic
Hydraulic press
Types of hydraulic process
Advantages and disadvantage of hydraulic press
Use of hydraulic press in daily life
Fluid Mechanics and neumatics Engineering third module
THIS POWER POINT PRESENTATION IS ABOUT DESIGNING AND USE OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS.THIS PRESENTATION IS NOT COVERING WHOLE DESIGNING PART BUT YOU CAN REFER IT BY USING LINK GIVEN IN SLIDE NUMBER 12.I AM GRATEFUL TO OTHER AUTHORS WHOSE PRESENTATIONS HAVE WORKED AS REFERENCE FOR THIS PRESENTATION.
COMMENTS ARE ALWAYS WELCOMED.PLEASE FEEL FREE TO GIVE SUGGESTIONS IT HELPS ME TO IMPROVE MYSELF.THANK YOU
Hydraulics today has become a way of life as most applications have some form of system ingrained. This paper is an endevor to present the very basics of hydraulics and overcome its basic fear.
Introduction to hydraulics and pneumatic by Varun Pratap SinghVarun Pratap Singh
Download Link (Copy URL):
https://sites.google.com/view/varunpratapsingh/teaching-engagements
This file contains basic information about hydraulics and pneumatic systems.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Fluid Mechanics and neumatics Engineering third module Abhinand72
Diploma in tool and die
Kerala Government Polytechnic College
2nd year tool and Die department subject
About fluid
About pneumatic
mechanical property of fluid
Mechanical property of pneumatic
Hydraulic press
Types of hydraulic process
Advantages and disadvantage of hydraulic press
Use of hydraulic press in daily life
Fluid Mechanics and neumatics Engineering third module
THIS POWER POINT PRESENTATION IS ABOUT DESIGNING AND USE OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS.THIS PRESENTATION IS NOT COVERING WHOLE DESIGNING PART BUT YOU CAN REFER IT BY USING LINK GIVEN IN SLIDE NUMBER 12.I AM GRATEFUL TO OTHER AUTHORS WHOSE PRESENTATIONS HAVE WORKED AS REFERENCE FOR THIS PRESENTATION.
COMMENTS ARE ALWAYS WELCOMED.PLEASE FEEL FREE TO GIVE SUGGESTIONS IT HELPS ME TO IMPROVE MYSELF.THANK YOU
Hydraulics today has become a way of life as most applications have some form of system ingrained. This paper is an endevor to present the very basics of hydraulics and overcome its basic fear.
Introduction to hydraulics and pneumatic by Varun Pratap SinghVarun Pratap Singh
Download Link (Copy URL):
https://sites.google.com/view/varunpratapsingh/teaching-engagements
This file contains basic information about hydraulics and pneumatic systems.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
9. Unit 1: Introduction to fluid power
Objective of subject: To understand design, analysis, operation, maintenance and application of fluid
power.
What is fluid power
Technology that deals with the generation, control and transmission of power using pressurized fluids.
Used to push, pull, regulate or drive virtually all machines of modern industry eg.
1) Steers and brakes of automobile
15. Fluid power is called hydraulics when fluid is liquid and is called
pneumatics when the fluid is gas.
Hydraulic systems use liquids such as petroleum oil, synthetic oil
and water. The first hydraulic fluid used was water, it has many
deficiencies such as freezes readily, poor lubricant and tends to rust
metal components.
There are two different types of fluid systems i.e. fluid transport
and fluid power
Fluid transport: used to transport fluid from one location to another.
E.g. pumping stations, cross country gas lines, chemical processing
etc.
18. Pressure applied to piston “A” is transferred
equally to a piston of the same size “B”
because pressure is the same throughout the
system.
Basic
principle
19. If the surface area of piston “B” is 10 times
the surface area of piston “A”, then the force
applied to piston “A” is multiplied 10 times as
the force exerted on piston “B”. pressure is
equal throughout the system.
hydraulic
advantage
21. Liquids provides very rigid medium for transmitting of power,
operate under high pressure and provide huge forces and torques with
utmost accuracy and precision.
On the other hand pneumatic system exhibit spongy characteristics
due to compressibility of air. It can be used in applications where low
pressures can be used.
Hydraulic chain saw Pneumatically
controlled dextrous hand
22. Advantages of fluid power
Power can be transmitted by three basic methods i.e. electrical,
mechanical and fluid power. Most applications use combination of
three methods to obtain efficienct overall system.
Fluid power can transmit power economically over greater distances
than mechanical types but restricted to shorter distances than electrical
systems.
Fluid power is versatile and manageable, it is not hindered by the
geometry of machine as in case of mechanical system.
Advantages:
1) Ease and accuracy of control: By the use of simple levers and push
buttons, operator can start, stop, speed up and slow down and
position forces with very close tolerances.
23. Drawbacks of fluid power
Hydraulic oils are messy, leakage is impossible to eliminate
completely
Hydraulic lines can burst resulting in injuries to people due to high
speed oil jets and flying pieces of metal if proper design is not
implemented.
Prolong exposure to loud noise, such as that produced by pumps can
result in loss of hearing.
Hydraulic oil can cause fire if leaks.
24. Components of a fluid power system
Six basic components are required in hydraulic system
1. A Tank (Reservoir) to hold the hydraulic oil
2. A pump to force the oil through the system
3. An electric motor or other source to drive the pump
4. Valves to control oil direction, pressure and flow rate
5. An actuator to convert the pressure of the oil into mechanical
force or torque to do useful work
6. Piping which carry oil from one location to other
25. Input / Output
Force input on a hydraulic
system or component results
in transfer of power to output
of force by the system or
component.
26. Pump
Functions in a hydraulic
system by pressurizing
and moving fluid from one
part of the system to
another.
27. Hydraulic pumps are usually one
of four types:
PISTON
GEAR
VANE
INTERNAL ROTOR
28. Piston Pumps
• Work well at PSI’s of 2000 or more
• Single piston pump used in bottle jacks
• Require several pistons working together to
generate enough volume for tractor
applications
• Necessarily involve many moving parts
29. Gear Pumps
• Work well at 1500 PSI and below
• Work with a minimum of moving
parts
• Less expensive to manufacture
than piston type pumps
41. Check Valve
Restricts flow of fluid to only one direction;
allows pressure to build up or be maintained.
42. Spool Valve
Controls direction of flow of fluid in a hydraulic system
to cause the different parts of the system to function.
43.
44.
45. Hydraulic power transmission
• Hydraulic power transmission:
Hydro = water, aulos = pipe
The means of power transmission is a liquid (pneumatic gas)
Hydrodynamic power transmission:
• Turbo pump and turbine
• Power transmission by kinetic
energy of the fluid
• Still the relative spatial position is
fixed
• Compact units
Hydrostatic power transmission:
• Positive displacement pump
• Creates high pressure and through
a transmission line and control
elements this pressure drives an
actuator (linear or rotational)
• The relative spatial position is
arbitrary but should not be very
large because of losses (< 50 m)
A continuously variable transmission is possible
Most of this lecture will be about hydrostatic systems (in common language it is
also called simply hydraulics)
46. Structure of a hydrostatic drive
Aggregate Control
elements
Actuator
These components and their interaction is the subject of
this semester
Valves,
determining the
path, pressure, flow
rate of the working
fluid
Elements doing
work
• Linear
• Rotational
• Swinging
Pump, motor
Fluid reservoir
Pressure relief
valve
Filter
Piping
47. 2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 47
A typical hydraulic system
1 – pump
2 – oil tank
3 – flow control valve
4 – pressure relief valve
5 – hydraulic cylinder
6 – directional control valve
7 – throttle valve
48. Advantages of hydrostatic drives
Simple method to create linear movements
Creation of large forces and torques, high energy density
Continuously variable movement of the actuator
Simple turnaround of the direction of the movement, starting
possible under full load from rest
Low delay, small time constant because of low inertia
Simple overload protection (no damage in case of overload)
Simple monitoring of load by measuring pressure
Arbitrary positioning of prime mover and actuator
Large power density (relatively small mass for a given power
compared to electrical and mechanical drives)
Robust (insensitive against environmental influences)
49. Disadvantages of hydrostatic drives
Working fluid is necessary (leakage problems, filtering, etc.)
It is not economic for large distances
50. Hydraulic fluid
Hydraulic fluid characteristic have crucial effect on equipment
performance and life. Clean, high quality fluid achieve efficient
hydraulic system operation.
Modern hydraulic system contain fluid with special additives to
provide desired characteristics
Hydraulic fluid has the following four primary functions
1. Transmit power
2. Lubricate moving parts
3. Seal clearances between mating parts
4. Dissipate heat
51. Hydraulic fluid
Hydraulic fluid characteristic have crucial effect on equipment
performance and life. Clean, high quality fluid achieve efficient
hydraulic system operation.
Modern hydraulic system contain fluid with special additives to
provide desired characteristics
Hydraulic fluid has the following four primary functions
1. Transmit power
2. Lubricate moving parts
3. Seal clearances between mating parts
52. Hydraulic fluid should have following properties
1. Good lubricity
2. Ideal viscosity
3. Chemical stability
4. Compatibility with system materials
5. High degree of incompressibility
6. Fire resistance
7. Good heat transfer capability
8. Low density
9. Foam resistance
10.Nontoxicity
11.Low volatility
53. Fluids
It refers to both Gases and Liquids
Liquid is a fluid that for a given mass, will have a definite volume
independent of the shape of its container.
Liquids are considered to be
incompressible i.e. their volume does not
change with pressure change. This is not
exactly true, but the change in volume
due to pressure changes is so small that
it is ignored for most engineering
applications.
Gases are readily compressible, their
volume will vary to fill vessel containing
54. Properties of fluids are density, pressure, compressibility, viscosity
and viscosity index.
1. Specific weight, density and specific gravity
Weight: All objects solids or fluids are pulled towards the center of
the earth by the force of attraction. This force is called as weight
and is proportional to the object mass, and defined by
F = W = mg
Specific weight: It is the ratio of weight of fluid to its volume,
denoted by symbol ϒ.
55. 2. Force, Pressure and Head
Pressure is defined as force per unit area, i.e. amount of force acting
over unit area
P = F/A
Head: 1 meter height of water is commonly called a pressure head
57. Viscosity
It is single most important property of hydraulic fluid. It is measure
of fluid resistance to flow, when fluid viscosity is low, the fluid flows
easily and is thin in appearance.
Ideal viscosity for a given hydraulic system is a compromise.
Too high viscosity results in
1. High resistance to flow, sluggish operation
2. Increased power consumption due to frictional losses
3. Increased pressure drop through valves and lines
4. High temperatures caused by friction
Too low viscosity results in
59. Kinematic viscosity
Calculations in hydraulic system often involve the use of kinematic
viscosity rather than absolute viscosity. It is the ratio of absolute
viscosity to the density of fluid. Unit m2/s
60. Hydraulic fluids - tasks
They have the following primary tasks:
o Power transmission (pressure and motion
transmission)
o Signal transmission for control
Secondary tasks:
o Lubrication of rotating and translating
components to avoid friction and wear
o Heat transport, away from the location of heat
generation, usually into the reservoir
o Transport of particles to the filter
o Protection of surfaces from chemical attack,
especially corrosion
61. Hydraulic fluids - requirements
Functional
o Good lubrication characteristics
o Viscosity should not depend strongly on
temperature and pressure
o Good heat conductivity
o Low heat expansion coefficient
o Large elasticity modulus
Economic
o Low price
o Slow aging and thermal and chemical stability
long life cycle
62. Hydraulic fluids - requirements (contd.)
Safety
o High flash point or in certain cases not
inflammable at all
o Chemically neutral (not aggressive at all
against all materials it touches)
o Low air dissolving capability, not inclined to
foam formation
Environmental friendliness
o No environmental harm
o No toxic effect
63. Hydraulic fluid types
1. Water (3%)
2. Mineral oils (75%)
3. Not inflammable fluids (9%)
4. Biologically degradable fluids
(13%)
5. Electrorheological fluids (in
development)
64. Hydraulic fluid types (contd.)
- Clear water
- Water with additives
o Oldest fluid but nowadays there is a renaissance
o Used where there is an explosion or fire danger or hygienic problem:
Food and pharmaceutical industry, textile industry, mining
1. Water:
Advantages:
No environmental pollution
No disposal effort
Cheap
No fire or explosion danger
Available everywhere
4 times larger heat conduction coefficient than mineral oils
2 times higher compression module than mineral oils
Viscosity does not depend strongly on temperature
65. Hydraulic fluid types (contd.)
1. Water:
Disadvantages:
Bad lubrication characteristics
Low viscosity (problem of sealing, but
has good sides: low energy losses)
Corrosion danger
Cavitation danger (relatively high
vapour pressure)
Limited temperature interval of
applicability (freezing, evaporating)
Consequences: needs low tolerances and very good materials (plastics, ceramics,
stainless steel) components are expensive
66. Hydraulic fluid types (contd.)
- Without additives
- With additives
o „Conventional” use, stationary hydraulics
o Always mixtures of different oils, often with additives
Additives:
- decrease corrosion
- increase life duration
- improve temperature dependence of viscosity
- improve particle transport
2. Mineral oil:
Advantages:
Good lubrication
High viscosity (good for sealing,
bad for losses)
Cheap
Disadvantages:
Inflammable
Environmental pollution
67. Hydraulic fluid types (contd.)
- Contains water
- Does not contain water
o mines, airplane production, casting, rolling, where there is explosion
and fire danger
o Water-oil emulsions (oil synthetic) or water-free synthetic liquids
3. Non inflammable fluids:
Disadvantages:
Higher density, higher losses, more inclination to cavitation
Limited operational temperature < 55 °C
Worse lubrication characteristics, reduction of maximum load
Worse de-aeration characteristics
Sometimes chemically aggressive against sealing
materials
68. Hydraulic fluid types (contd.)
- Natural
- Synthetic
o Environmental protection, water protection
o Agricultural machines
o Mobile hydraulics
Characteristics similar to mineral oils but much more
expensive.
If the trend continues its usage expands, price will drop.
4. Biologically degradable fluids: