Mucormycosis ppt by Dr. Bomkar bam ENT M.S.Bomkar Bam
mucormycosis in the covid era in India. it is mostly seen in the post-recovery patient of covid - 19. most of the data are derived from the 2nd wave of covid in India.
Describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic te.pdfellanorfelicityri239
Describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests and nursing management
for patients with abnormal cell growth of the head, neck and chest.
Solution
The abnormal cell growth of the head, neck and chest may be due to neuroblastoma or the head
and neck cancer. The treatment and manifestations depend on type and location of growing cells,
tumor size, how far it has spread, and if the tumor cells secrete hormones.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Cancers of the head and neck are recognized by using the area wherein they begin: the oral
cavity, salivary glands, paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, and lymph nodes
within the neck. Tumors inside the neck can often be visible or felt as a hard, painless lump. The
main reasons of head and neck cancers include tobacco (smoked or chewed), and alcohol. other
threat factors are solar exposure, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, radiation to the top and
neck, ancestry, Epstein-Barr virus infection, wooden dust or airborne asbestos, intake of certain
preservatives or salted meals, terrible oral hygiene, and Plummer-Vinson syndrome.
CLINICAL MENIFESTATION
If the tumor is in the chest, it would press at the superior vena cava. This will motive swelling
inside the face, neck, hands, and upper chest and occasionally with a bluish-crimson skin shade.
it can additionally cause headaches, dizziness, and a alternate in awareness if it influences the
mind. The tumor may press at the throat or windpipe, which could purpose coughing and
problem respiration or swallowing. Neuroblastomas that press on nerves within the chest or neck
can sometimes purpose other symptoms, together with a drooping eyelid and a small pupil.
Stress on different nerves near the backbone might have an effect on the potential to experience
or move their arms or legs. Symptoms of numerous head and neck cancer sites include a lump or
sore that does not heal, a sore throat that does not leave, issue swallowing, and a change or
hoarseness inside the voice. Neuroblastomas sometimes launch hormones that may reason
problems with tissues and organs, those troubles are known as paraneoplastic syndromes which
consist of steady diarrhea, Fever, excessive blood pressure causing irritability, speedy heartbeat,
Reddening of the pores and skin, Sweating etc.
DIAGNOSIS:
Tests conducted to diagnose head and neck most cancers range relying on the symptoms and can
include a biopsy, endoscopy, blood or urine checks, X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, and pet scans.
• Physical examination may encompass visible inspection of the oral and nasal cavities, neck,
throat, and tongue the usage of a small mirror and/or lights. The physician may feel for lumps on
the neck, lips, gums, and cheeks.
• Endoscopy examines regions within the body. The kind of endoscope the doctor uses depends
at the vicinity being examined.
• Laboratory exams test the samples of blood, urine, or other substances from the body.
If the analysis is cancer, the doctor will need to learn.
Mucormycosis ppt by Dr. Bomkar bam ENT M.S.Bomkar Bam
mucormycosis in the covid era in India. it is mostly seen in the post-recovery patient of covid - 19. most of the data are derived from the 2nd wave of covid in India.
Describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic te.pdfellanorfelicityri239
Describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests and nursing management
for patients with abnormal cell growth of the head, neck and chest.
Solution
The abnormal cell growth of the head, neck and chest may be due to neuroblastoma or the head
and neck cancer. The treatment and manifestations depend on type and location of growing cells,
tumor size, how far it has spread, and if the tumor cells secrete hormones.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Cancers of the head and neck are recognized by using the area wherein they begin: the oral
cavity, salivary glands, paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, and lymph nodes
within the neck. Tumors inside the neck can often be visible or felt as a hard, painless lump. The
main reasons of head and neck cancers include tobacco (smoked or chewed), and alcohol. other
threat factors are solar exposure, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, radiation to the top and
neck, ancestry, Epstein-Barr virus infection, wooden dust or airborne asbestos, intake of certain
preservatives or salted meals, terrible oral hygiene, and Plummer-Vinson syndrome.
CLINICAL MENIFESTATION
If the tumor is in the chest, it would press at the superior vena cava. This will motive swelling
inside the face, neck, hands, and upper chest and occasionally with a bluish-crimson skin shade.
it can additionally cause headaches, dizziness, and a alternate in awareness if it influences the
mind. The tumor may press at the throat or windpipe, which could purpose coughing and
problem respiration or swallowing. Neuroblastomas that press on nerves within the chest or neck
can sometimes purpose other symptoms, together with a drooping eyelid and a small pupil.
Stress on different nerves near the backbone might have an effect on the potential to experience
or move their arms or legs. Symptoms of numerous head and neck cancer sites include a lump or
sore that does not heal, a sore throat that does not leave, issue swallowing, and a change or
hoarseness inside the voice. Neuroblastomas sometimes launch hormones that may reason
problems with tissues and organs, those troubles are known as paraneoplastic syndromes which
consist of steady diarrhea, Fever, excessive blood pressure causing irritability, speedy heartbeat,
Reddening of the pores and skin, Sweating etc.
DIAGNOSIS:
Tests conducted to diagnose head and neck most cancers range relying on the symptoms and can
include a biopsy, endoscopy, blood or urine checks, X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, and pet scans.
• Physical examination may encompass visible inspection of the oral and nasal cavities, neck,
throat, and tongue the usage of a small mirror and/or lights. The physician may feel for lumps on
the neck, lips, gums, and cheeks.
• Endoscopy examines regions within the body. The kind of endoscope the doctor uses depends
at the vicinity being examined.
• Laboratory exams test the samples of blood, urine, or other substances from the body.
If the analysis is cancer, the doctor will need to learn.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ocular injury ppt Upendra pal optometrist upums saifai etawah
Lecture on Orbit Cellulitis For 4th Year MBBS Undergraduate Students By Prof. Dr. Hussain Ahmad Khaqan
1. Orbital Cellulitis
Prof. Dr. Hussain Ahmad Khaqan
MD
FRCS(Glasgow)
FCPS(Ophth.)
FCPS(Vitreo Retina)
MHPE (KMU)
CICO(UK)
CMT(UOL)
Fellowship in Medical Retina (LMU, Munich)
Fellowship in Vitreo Retinal Surgery (LMU, Munich)
Consultant Ophthalmologist & Retinal Surgeon
Professor of Ophthalmology
Lahore General Hospital, Lahore
Ameer Ud Din Medical College, Lahore
Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore
Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre ,Lahore
6. INVESTIGATION CONTIUNE..
• Imaging: CT/MRI scan of the orbits and paranasal sinuses
(axial, coronal, and parasagittal views, with contrast if
possible) to confirm the diagnosis and to rule out a retained
foreign body, orbital or sub periosteal abscess (SPA),
paranasal sinus disease, cavernous sinus thrombosis, or
intracranial extension.
8. CAUSES
• Direct extension from a paranasal sinus infection
(especially ethmoiditis), focal periorbital infection (e.g.
, infected hordeolum, dacryoadenitis, dacryocystitis,
panophthalmitis), or dental infection.
• Sequela of orbital trauma (e.g., orbital fracture,
penetrating trauma, retained intraorbital foreign body).
• Sequela of eyelid, orbital, or paranasal sinus surgery.
• Sequela of other ocular surgery (less common).
• Vascular extension (e.g. , seeding from a systemic
bacteremia or locally from facial cellulitis via venous
anastomoses).
• Extension from a septic cavernous sinus thrombosis.
9. ORGANISMS
• Adult: Staphylococcus species, Streptococcus
species, Bacteroides species.
• Children: Haemophilus influenzae (rare in vaccinated
children).
• Following trauma: Gram-negative rods.
• Dental abscess: Mixed, aggressive aerobes and
anaerobes.
• Immunocompromised patients (diabetes,
chemotherapy, HIV infection): Fungi including those
that produce zygomycosis infections (e.g. , Mucor)
and Aspergillus.
10. • Laboratory studies: CBC with differential and blood cultures.
• Gram stain and culture of any drainage (e.g. , blood and chocolate agars,
Sabouraud dextrose agar, thioglycolate broth)
• Tissue biopsy
• Chest X-ray
• Antinuclear antibodies
• Serum IgG and IgG 4 levels
INVESTIGATION
11. TREATMENT CONTINUE..
• Admit the patient to the hospital and consider consultation with infectious
disease, otorhinolaryngology, neurosurgeon for suspected meningitis and oral
maxillofacial surgeon for dental infection.
• Broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics to cover gram-positive, gram-negative,
and anaerobic organisms are recommended for 48 to 72 hours, followed by oral
medication for at least 1 week. The specific antibiotic agents vary.
• In patients from the community with no recent history of hospitalization, nursing
home stay, or institutional stay, recommendations are:
• Ampicillin–sulbactam 3 g i.v. q6h in adults; 300 mg/kg per day in four
divided doses in children, maximum daily dose 12 g ampicillin–sulbactam (8
g ampicillin component) or Piperacillin–tazobactam 4.5 g i.v. q8h or 3.375 g
q6h in adults; 240 mg of piperacillin component/kg/day in three divided
doses in children, maximum daily dose 18 g piperacillin.
12. • In patients suspected of harboring hospital-associated methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) or in those with suspected meningitis, add
concurrent intravenous vancomycin at 15 mg/kg q12–24h in adults with normal
renal function and 40 mg/kg per day in two or three divided doses in children,
with a maximum daily dose of 2 g. For adults who are allergic to penicillin but can
tolerate cephalosporins, use vancomycin as dosed above plus: Ceftriaxone 2 g i.v.
daily and metronidazole 500 mg i.v. q6–8h (not to exceed 4 g per day).
• For adults who are allergic to penicillin/cephalosporin, treat with a combination of
a fluoroquinolone (for patients >17 years of age, moxifloxacin 400 mg i.v. daily or
ciprofloxacin 400 mg i.v. q12h or levofloxacin 750 mg i.v. daily) and metronidazole
500 mg i.v. q6–8h.
• Nasal decongestant spray as needed for up to 3 days. Nasal corticosteroid spray
may also be added to quicken the resolution of sinusitis.
TREATMENT CONTINUE..
13. • Erythromycin or bacitracin ointment q.i.d. for corneal exposure and chemosis
if needed.
• If the orbit is tight, an optic neuropathy is present, or the IOP is severely
elevated, immediate canthotomy/cantholysis may be needed.
• The use of systemic corticosteroids in the management of orbital cellulitis
remains controversial. If systemic corticosteroids are considered, it is
probably safest to wait 24 to 48 hours until an adequate intravenous antibiotic
load has been given (three to four doses).
• Mark extent of skin inflammation to monitor status.
• Regular review of orbital and visual functions.
• ENT to assess for sinus drainage (required in up to 50% of adults).
• If any deterioration, repeat CT to exclude abscess formation.
• orbital abscess, consideration should be given to urgent surgical drainage,
especially with visual compromise or progression of clinical signs.
TREATMENT