Ppt which describes the cephalosporins of 3rd generation , they antibiotics contain 8 drugs within it

1. Seminar topic :
PENICILLIN (SEMISYNTHETIC) CEPHALOSPORINS 3rd
GENERATION
MKSSS SITABAI NARGUNDKAR COLLEGE OF NURSING FOR WOMEN ,
NAGPUR

2. Introduction
• They are antibiotics chemically related to penicillins.
• Third generation medications used in the management and treatment
of gram negative and ground positive organisms.
• Derived by cephalosprins-C , this is isolated by guy Newton and
Edward Abraham.

3. Definition
“ Any of group of widely used broad spectrum antibiotics originally
isolated as a product of fermentation from the fungus cephalosporium
acremonium are called cephalosporins .”

4. Classification
1. Cefdinir
2. Cefditoren pinoxil
3. Cefixime
4. Cefotaxime
5. Cefpodoxime
6. Ceftazidime
7. Ceftibuten
8. Ceftriaxone

5. Uses
Cephalosporin third generation are used to treat
1. Intra abdominal infection
2. Central nervous system infection
3. Skin and soft tissues infection
4. Urinary track infection
5. Lower respiratory tract infection
6. Gynecological infections
7. Bone and joint infections
8. Sepsis ( a life threatening complication of an infection)

6. Action
• Inhibit cell wall synthesis
• Reuders cell wall osmotically unstable
• Leads to cell death

7. Indications
1. Cefdinir :
a third generation cephalosporin used to treat susceptible gram
negative and gram positive bacterial infection.
2. Cefditoren pinoxide :
broad spectrum third generation cephalosporin in antibiotic
typically used to treat bacterial infections of skin and respiratory tract.
3. Cefixime :
a third generation cephalosporins used to treat susceptible gram
negative and gram positive bacterial infections.

8. 4. Cefotaxime :
a third generation cephalosporin used to treat susceptible gram
negative and gram positive bacterial infections.
5. Cefpodoxime :
a third generation cephalosporin is antibiotic used to treat of
various bacteria infections including gonorrhea community acquired
pneumonia and sinusitis.
6. Ceftazidime :
used to treat or prevent a variety of infections including
pneumonia gynecological infections phone and joint infections .

9. 7. Ceftibuten :
this commonly used to treatment of acute bacterial exaurbations of
chronic bronchitis (ABECB) ,acute bacterial otitis media, pharyngitis and
tonsillitis.
8. Ceftriaxone :
used to the treatment of bacterial infections in various locations
such as in the respiratory tract, skin, soft tissues and urinary tract.

10. Contraindications
• Hypersensitivity to cephalosphorins
• Infants less than 1 month
• Pregnant woman's
• Breastfeeding mothers
• Children’s
• Hyper sensitivity to penicillins
• Gastro intestinal or renal diseases
• Geriatric patients
• Pseudo- membranous colitis
• Viral infections
• Vitamin k deficiency
• Diabetes mellitus

11. Dosage and routes
1. Cefdinir:
In adults and children’s – orally 300 mg.
In children’s (6months to 12 years). – orally 7mg/kg or 14mg/kg
Available forms : cap. 300 mg , syrup 125mg , 250mg/ 5ml.
2. Cefditoren pinoxide :
Adults – orally 200-400 mg.
Available forms : Tablets 200 , 400 mg.
3. Cefixime:
In mild to moderate pharyngitis, tonsillitis, brocholitis,
In adults , child , adolescents – 400mg (orally)
infants less than 8 months – orally 8mg/kg.

12. Available forms – Tablets 400mg, powder for oral suryp
100mg/5ml.
4. Cefotaxime:
In adults , adolescents- IV/Im -1-2g.
. Available forms: powder for injections 500mg.
5. Cefpodoxime :
In pneumonia , adults – orally 200mg.
In skin and skin structure, adults – orally 400mg.
In pharyngitis and tonsillitis , adults – orally 100mg
. Child 5months – orally 5mg/kg.
. Available forms: tabs100, 200mg, granules for Syrups 50 mg, 100
mg/ 5ml.

13. 6. Ceftazidime:
In adults – IV /IM 1-2g
. Child –IV 30-50mg/kg
. Available forms : injection 200-500 mg , 1,2,6g.
7. Ceftibuten:
Adults – orally 400mg
. Child 6 months-12 years- orally 9mg/kg.
. Available forms : capsule 400mg, syrup 90, 180mg/5ml.
8. Ceftriaxone:
Adults –Im/Iv 1-2 mg/day.
. Child – IM/IV 50-75 mg/kg day.
. Available forms : injection 250-500 mg , 1-10 g

14. Drug interactions
• Many of them should not be used with calcium salt or H2 blockers
antacids.
- INCREASES:
• Cyclosporine levels
• Bleeding
• Toxicity
-Decreases:
• Absorption of cefdinir iron
• Absorption of iron rich cereal.

15. Side effects
• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Injection site inflammation
• Nausea and vomiting
• Skin rash
• Leukopenia
• Thrombocytopenia
• Decrease appetite
• Swelling of tongue and throat
• Difficulty in breathing

16. Serious side effects
• Major hypersensitivity
• Drugged induce immune hemolytic anemia
• pseudomembraneous colitis ( swelling or inflammation of the large
intestine)
• Suppression of gut flora that leads to reduction in vitamin k synthesis
• Bleeding

17. Adverse effects
• Cephalosporins are one of the leading cause of perioperative
anaphylaxis and severe cutaneous adhere reactions.
• Less severe adhere effects include
. - stomach discomfort
. - Nausea or vomiting
. - Diarrhea
. - fungal infections
- injection site reactions

18. Toxicity
• Cephalosporin have low toxicity and are generally safe.
• The most common adhere reactions from cephalosporin are nausea,
vomiting, lack of appetite, and abdominal pain, etc.

19. Role of nurses
• Assess – sensitivity to cephalosphorins.
• Nephrotoxicity – increased BUN , creatinine, urine output.
• Blood studies – AST, ALT, CBC, LDH, bilirubin, alkaline phosphate.
• Electrolytes – potassium, sodium , chloride
• Anaphylaxis – Rash , urticarial, pruritus, chills , fever, joint pain
• Bleeding – gums , hematuria, stool guaiac.
• Monitor heart rate during direct Iv infusion .
• Family, patient education.

20. Bibliography
• Mosby’s 2018 Nursing drug reference, first South Asia edition
Author – Linda skiduore Roth
Page no. 232-240.
• Satoskar , Bhandarkar , ainapure pharmacology and
pharmacotherapeutics
18th edition popular prakashan.
• M.M Das. Pharmacology, books and allied private limited 4 edition
2001.