Automation in microbiology, changing concept and defeating challengesAyman Allam
A presentation about the automation in microbiology presented in 24th conference of the Egyptian Society of Medical Microbiology and immunology, 4/2017.
Microbiology is the study of
living organisms of microscopic
size which includes bacteria ,
Fungi , Algae , Protozoa and Viruses. It is concerned with the forms, structure , reproduction , physiology , metabolism and classification.
Principle Of Microbiology
Medical microbiology deals with the causative agent of the infectious disease of the human , the ways in which they produce disease in the body and essential information for diagnosis and treatment.
Automation in microbiology, changing concept and defeating challengesAyman Allam
A presentation about the automation in microbiology presented in 24th conference of the Egyptian Society of Medical Microbiology and immunology, 4/2017.
Microbiology is the study of
living organisms of microscopic
size which includes bacteria ,
Fungi , Algae , Protozoa and Viruses. It is concerned with the forms, structure , reproduction , physiology , metabolism and classification.
Principle Of Microbiology
Medical microbiology deals with the causative agent of the infectious disease of the human , the ways in which they produce disease in the body and essential information for diagnosis and treatment.
The program file has been made with the vision for basic responsibilities of the Medical Microbiologists for optimal decisions in Diagnostic Microbiology, Every specimen reflects the scenario in the ongoing process of infection in the human body ( from vivo to vitro) , However it is important to know the predictive value of the tests we do in the laboratory or else the blind processing will certainly harmful if not useful Dr.T.V.Rao MD
doctortvrao@gmail.com
An antibiotic sensitivity test is done to help choose an antibiotic that will be most effective against the specific types of bacteria or fungus infecting an individual person.
Different methods include;
Disk diffusion method (Kirby Bauer & stokes method)
Dilution method (Broth & agar dilution)
Diffusion and dilution method (e-test)
The presentation summarises important methods and protocols of Clinical Microbiology. It may be useful to learners of Clinical microbiology at the undergraduate label. The presentation describes the procedures for collecting clinical samples, transport, and testing. It also describes the different methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing and standards.
COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF CLINICAL SAMPLESNCRIMS, Meerut
Principles of Sample Collection:
Aseptic precautions to minimize chances of
contamination.
Appropriate anatomic sites
Adequate volume
Adequate no. of samples
Appropriate time
Appropriate container with proper labelling
Before initiation of anti-microbials
Adequate information in request form
The program file has been made with the vision for basic responsibilities of the Medical Microbiologists for optimal decisions in Diagnostic Microbiology, Every specimen reflects the scenario in the ongoing process of infection in the human body ( from vivo to vitro) , However it is important to know the predictive value of the tests we do in the laboratory or else the blind processing will certainly harmful if not useful Dr.T.V.Rao MD
doctortvrao@gmail.com
An antibiotic sensitivity test is done to help choose an antibiotic that will be most effective against the specific types of bacteria or fungus infecting an individual person.
Different methods include;
Disk diffusion method (Kirby Bauer & stokes method)
Dilution method (Broth & agar dilution)
Diffusion and dilution method (e-test)
The presentation summarises important methods and protocols of Clinical Microbiology. It may be useful to learners of Clinical microbiology at the undergraduate label. The presentation describes the procedures for collecting clinical samples, transport, and testing. It also describes the different methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing and standards.
COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF CLINICAL SAMPLESNCRIMS, Meerut
Principles of Sample Collection:
Aseptic precautions to minimize chances of
contamination.
Appropriate anatomic sites
Adequate volume
Adequate no. of samples
Appropriate time
Appropriate container with proper labelling
Before initiation of anti-microbials
Adequate information in request form
Copy of PowerPoint slides for presentation on Nutrition of ewes and does before and after lambing and kidding by Dr. Nelson Escobar, Small Ruminant Specialist at the University of Maryland Eastern Shore.
this presentation tells u all about the infectious diseases..their causes.............and how they are transmitted...............so i hope that it will be very knowledgeable for u all.......
2021 laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases dr.ihsan alsaimarydr.Ihsan alsaimary
2021 laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases
dr. ihsan alsaimary
university of basrah - college of medicine- DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
POBOX 696 ASHAR
BASRAH 42001
IRAQ
Cytopathology Lab manual for MLT Students Vamsi kumar
COURSE OUTCOMES
On completion of this course the students will able to:
Understand the preparation of Cytopathological reagents.
Wet film preparation.
Staining (H&E, Pap) of Vaginal, Cervical, Sputum, FNAC Etc.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. Introduction
The proper diagnosis of an infectious disease requires:
• Taking a complete patient history
• Conducting a thorough physical examination of the
patient.
• Carefully evaluating the patient’s signs and symptoms.
• Implementing the proper selection, collection, transport,
and processing of appropriate clinical specimens.
3.
4. The clinical specimens that are
collected from patients are used to
diagnose or follow the progress of
infectious disease.
The clinical specimens that
are used to diagnose
infectious diseases must be
of the highest possible
quantity.
5. Table 13-1. Types of Clinical Specimens Submitted to the Clinical
Microbiology Laboratory
Type of Specimen Type(s) of Infectious
Disease that The
specimen is Used to
Diagnose
Type of Specimen Type(s) of Infectious
Disease that The
specimen is Used to
Diagnose
Blood
B, F, P, V “Scotch tape prep”
P
Bone marrow
B Skin scrappings
F
Bronchial and
Bronchoalveolar washes
V Skin snip
P
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
B, F, P, V Sputum
B, F, P
Cervical and Vaginal swabs
B Synovial (joint) fluid
B
Conjuctival swab or
scraping
B, V Throat swabs
B, V
Feces and rectal swabs
B, P, V Tissue (biopsy and autopsy)
specimens
B, F, P, V
Hair clippings
F Urethral discharge material
B
Nail (fingernail and toenail)
clippings
F Urine
B, P, V
Nasal swabs
B Urogenital secretions (e.g.,
vaginal discharge material,
prostatic secretion
B, P
Pus from a wound or
abscess
B Vesicle fluid or scraping
V
B, bacterial infection; F, fungal infection; P, parasitic infection; V, viral infection
7. Should exercise extreme caution during the collection and
transport of clinical specimens to avoid sticking themselves with
needle s, cutting themselves with other types of sharps, or coming
in contact with any type of specimen.
Laboratory professionals make laboratory observations and generate
test results which are used by clinicians to diagnose infectious diseases
and initiate appropriate therapy.
According to the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute, “All specimens should be
collected or transferred into a leakproof primary container with a secure closure.
Care should be taken by the person collecting the specimen not to contaminate the
outside of the primary container... Within the institution, the primary container
should be placed into a second container, wich will contain the specimen if the
primary cotainer breaks or leaks in transit to the laboratory
8. Figure 13-1. Diagrammatic representation of the steps
involved in the diagnosis of infectious diseases
Patient with symptoms of
an infectious disease
consults with clinician
Clinician makes
preliminary diagnosis and
writes order for
laboratory tests.
Appropriate specimen(s)
are collected and
transported to the
laboratory.
Specimen and patient
data are entered into the
laboratory computer or
log book.
Specimen is examined
macroscopically and
microscopically.
Preliminary or
presumptive report may be
issued
Specimen is
cultured, and plates
are incubated.
Cultures are examined
and subcultures or
definitive identification
systems set up.
Subcultures and
definitive identification
systems are examined
and report issued.
Clinician interprets
report and prescribes
treatment.
Patient is monitored
by the clinician for
success or failure.
9.
10. High-quality clinical specimens are required to achieve
accurate, clinically relevant laboratory results.
Three components of specimen
quality:
Proper specimen collection
Proper specimen collection
Proper transport of the specimen to the
laboratory.
11.
12. The specimen must be properly selected Must be properly and carefully collected.
The material should be collected from a site where he suspected pathogen is most
likely to be found and where the least contamination is likely to occur.
Whenever possible, specimens should be obtained before antimicrobial
agent(S) the patient is receiving.
The accute stage of disease is the appropriate time to collect most specimens.
Specimen collection should be performed with care and tact to avoid harming
the patient, causing discomfort, or causing undue embarrassment.
A sufficient quantity of the specimen must be obtained to provide enough material for
all require diagnostic tests.
All specimen must be placed or collected into a sterile container to prevent
contamination of the specimen by indigenous microflora and airborne
microbes.
Specimen must be protected from heat and cold and promptly delivered to the
laboratory.
Must be handled with great care to avoid contamination of the patients,
couriers, and healthcare professionals.
Specimens must be properly labeled and accompanied by an appropriate laboratory
test requisition containing adequate instructions.
Ideally, specimens should be collected and delivered to the laboratory as early
as in the day as possible.
13.
14. Blood
Within the body, the liquid portion of blood
is called plasma.
But if the blood specimen is allowed to clot,
the liquid portions is called serum.
Bacteremia– the presence of bacteria in the
bloodstream– may or may not be a sign of
disease.
Septicemia, on the other hand, is a
disease.
16. Urine The ideal specimen for a urine culture
is a clean-catch, midstream urine
specimen.
Three parts to a urine culture:
A colony count
Isolation and identification of the
pathogen.
Antimicrobial susceptibility counting
19. Cerebrospinal Fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid specimens
are treated as STAT
(emergency) specimens in the
CML, where workup of the
specimens is initiated
immediately upon receipt.
20. Sputum
Laboratory workup of a good quality
sputum specimen can provide
important information about a
patient’s lower respiratory infection,
whereas workup of a patient’s saliva
cannot.
21. Throat Swabs
If a clinician suspects a pathogen
other that S. pyogenes to be causing a
patient’s pharyngitis, that
information must be included on the
laboratory test requisition.
22. Wound swab
The laboratory test requisition that
accompanies a wound specimen
must indicate the type of wound
and its anatomical location.
23. GC Culture
When attempting to culture Neisseria
gonorrhoeae, one should rember that it is a
fastidious, microaerophilic, and capnophilic
organisms.
24. Fecal specimen
In gastrointestinal infections, the
pathogens frequently overwhelm the
indigenous intestinal microflora, so that
they are the predominant organisms
seen in smears and cultures.
26. Within a hospital, the CML is an integral
part of the Pathology Department.
The CM is located in the Clinical
Pathology division of the Pathology
Department.
Clinical Pathology
Personnel working on the Clinical
Pathology Department include
pathologists, chemists,
microbiologists, medical
technologists, medical laboratory
technicians.
Anatomical Pathology
Most Pathologists work in
Anatomical Pathology, ehere they
perform autopsies in the morgue
and examine diseased organs,
stained tissue sections, and
cytology spcimen.
27. Organization
Depending on the size of the hospital, the CML may
be under the directtion of a pathologist, a
microbiologist, or, in a smaller hospital, a medical
technologist who has had many years of experience
working in microbiology.
Responsibilities
The primary mission of the CML is to assist
clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of
infectious diseases
28. Process clinical specimens
Isolate pathogens
Identify pathogens
Perform antimicrobial
susceptibility testing when
appropriate to do so.
Examining the specimen macroscopically
Examining the specimen microscopically
Inoculating the specimen to appropriate
culture media.
29. To isolate bacteria and fungi from
clinical specimens, specimens are
inoculated into liquid culture media of
onto solid culture media.
30. The overall responsibility of the Bacteriology
Section of the CML is to assist clinicians in the
diagnosis of bacterial diseases.
CML professionals gather “clues” (phenotypic
characteristics) about a pathogen until they have sufficient
information to identify (speciate) it.
31. The overall responsibility of the Mycology
Section of the CML is to assist clinicians in the
diagnosis of fungal infections (mycoses)
When isolated from clinical specimens, yeasts are
identified using various biochemical tests, primarily
based on their ability to catabolise various
carbohydrates.
When isolated from clinical specimen, moulds are
identified using a combination of rate growth and
macroscopic and microscopic observation.
32. The overall responsibility of the Prasitology
Section of the CML is to assist clinicians in the
diagnosis of parasitic diseases. Parasites are
identified primarily by their characteristics
appearances.
33. The overall responsibility of the Virology Section of
the CML is to assist clinicians in the diagnosis of
viral diseases.
34. The overall responsibility of the Mycobacteriology
Section of the CML is to assist clinicians in the
diagnosis of Toberculosis.