Lecture 1 overview msk_191019_v01

19/10/2019
ETP Training Series
Int’l Seminar & Workshop on
Sustainable Management of Industrial Water and
Wastewater: Investment and Operations
Mohidus Samad Khan, PhD
Program Manager, ESTex-BUET
and Associate Professor
Department of Chemical Engineering, BUET
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Thursday, 19 October 2019
International Convention City Bashundhara,
Kuril, Dhaka
Industrial Water & Wastewater Management: Multi-disciplinary
• Physics
• Chemistry
• Mathematics
• Unit Operations
• Material Balance
• Mechanical Design
• Civil Engineering
• Biology/Biochemistry
• Management
• Env. Sci & Eng
• Architecture
• INNOVATION
• POSITIVE Approach
towards Pollution
Abatement
Participants
• Industrial Sectors: Textile,
Power Plat, etc.
• Associations
• Health
• Bank
• Service Providers
• NGO
• Academia
• Media
Overview:
Sustainable Management
of Industrial Water and
Wastewater
© Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019
Understanding Water Quality: Chemical Parameters
• pH
• Dissolved Oxygen
• Biochemical Oxygen
Demand
• Chemical Oxygen Demand
• Ammonia (NH3)
• Ammoniacal Nitrogen (as
element N)
• Arsenic
• Boron
• Cadmium
• Chlorine
• Chromium
• Copper
• Cyanide
• Fluoride
• Iron
• Total Kjeldhl Nitrogen
• Lead
• Manganese
• Mercury
• Nickel
• Nitrate
• Oil and Grease
• Phenolic Compounds
• Dissolved Phosphorus
• Radioactive Substance
• Selenium
• Zinc
• Others
1 2
3 4
International Seminar and Workshop on Sustainable Management of Industrial Water and Wastewater: Investment and Operations
© Dr. Mohidus Samad Khan 2019 Environmental Sustainability in Textile Industries (ESTex) www.estexbd.com <<1>>

19/10/2019
Physical
• Temperature
• Electrical Conductance (EC)
• Total Solids (TS)
• Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
• Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
• Turbidity
• Odour
• Colour
• Taste
• Coliform Bacteria- Total or Fecal:
(bacterial indicator of sanitary
quality of foods and water).
• Total Bacteria
• E. Coli
• Salmonella
• Others
Biological
Key Pollution Indicating Parameters
• pH: Treated Water; Equalization tank, Neutralization tank,
Coagulation, Flocculation, Biological Reactor
• Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): Treater Water; Equalization Tank,
Primary/Secondary Clarifier
• Total Suspended Solids (TSS): Treated Water; Equalization
tank, Primary/Secondary Clarifier
• Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD): Treated Water;
Equalization tank, Primary/Secondary Clarifier, Biological Reactor
• Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD): Treated Water;
Equalization tank, Primary/Secondary Clarifier, Biological Reactor
• Dissolved Oxygen: Treated Water
• Temperature: Treated Water, Equalization tank;
Primary/Secondary Clarifier, Biological Reactor
• Colour: Treated Water
TDS (mg/l)
TSS (mg/l)
BOD (mg/l)
COD (mg/l)
Color (mg/l)
pH
Knit Dyeing Woven/Denim
Dyeing
Denim Wash Penicillin Penem Oncology
8-11
400+
150+
600-800
1400-1800
<1000
6-8
400+
150+
350+
600+
--
6-8
400+
150+
350+
600+
--
6-8
400+
150+
350+
600+
--
Comment Presence of API
8-10
500-1000
<300
<400
<1000
<1000
Stone Chips
9-13
<5000
<800
<1500
<3500
>100
Recalcitrant--
Industrial Pollution Load
Pollution load varies from process to process:
TDS (mg/l)
TSS (mg/l)
BOD (mg/l)
COD (mg/l)
Color (Pt-Co)
pH
Leather Confectionery Pulp and Paper
(Craft Process)
Vitamins
<6
4500+
800+
2250+
5000+
--
6-8
400+
150+
350+
600+
--
Comment --
<4.0
800+
500+
13000+
23000+
Organic Acid
--
>8
4500+
3500+
1500+
4000+
HeavyMetal
4000+
Industrial Pollution Load cont’d
BlackLiquor
Cosmetics
6-8
--
--
3000+
15000+
--
Oil & Grease
5 6
7 8

19/10/2019
Legislations
and
Standards
Bangladesh Legislation
The Bangladesh Environment
Conservation Act (1995) and Rules
(1997):
Red and Orange B Industries must
have Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)
Red and Orange B Industries must
treat and monitor the quality of
their Wastewater
The Bangladesh Environment Conservation Rules (1997):
Standards for Sector-wise Industrial Effluent or Emission
Recent Guideline:
Zero Liquid Discharge
(ZLD)
International Standards
pH
TSS (mg/L)
BOD5 (mg/L)
COD (mg/L)
Temperature (°C)
Cadmium (mg/L)
Chromium (mg/L)
Cobalt (mg/L)
Mercury (mg/L)
Nickel (mg/L)
Zinc (mg/L)
Lead (mg/L)
US EPA/
Business Social
Responsibility (BSR)
6.0-9.0
 30.0
 30.0
 200.0
> 37
 0.01
 0.10
 0.02
 0.01
 0.20
 1.00
 0.10
Color (CO-PT)
Coliform (cfu/100ml)
 150
 400
9 10
11 12

19/10/2019
ZDHC Wastewater
Guideline pH
TSS (mg/L)
BOD5 (mg/L)
COD (mg/L)
Temperature (°C)
Cadmium (mg/L)
Chromium (mg/L)
Cobalt (mg/L)
Mercury (mg/L)
Nickel (mg/L)
Zinc (mg/L)
Lead (mg/L)
Foundational
6.0-9.0
 50.0
 30.0
 150.0
∆15/max 35
 0.10
 0.05
 0.05
 0.01
 0.20
 5.00
 0.10
Color (m-1)
(436; 525; 620 nm)
Coliform (cfu/100ml)
7;5;3
 400
Progressive
6.0-9.0
 15.0
 15.0
 80.0
∆10 or 30
 0.05
 0.005
 0.02
 0.005
 0.10
 1.00
 0.05
5;3;2
 100
Aspirational
6.0-9.0
 05.0
 05.0
 40.0
∆5 or 25
 0.01
 0.001
 0.01
 0.001
 0.05
 0.50
 0.01
2;1;1
 25
- Foundational: At a minimum, meets legal discharge requirements
and ensures effective control of ZDHC MRSL chemicals.
- Progressive: Demonstrates increasing knowledge of chemical
management and applies advanced wastewater treatment
processes. (January 2018 onward)
- Aspirational: Demonstrates best-in-class performance and strives
for continuous improvement in both chemicals and wastewater
treatment process knowledge; creates industry best practices. (by
January 1, 2020)
Choosing Effluent
Treatment Plant
National or International Standards to
Comply with
Effluent Volume
Effluent Characteristics
Future Expansion
Available Land Area
Construction Budget
Affordable Running Costs
Appropriate Treatment Techniques
ETP Expert or Designer
In House Capacity (Staff, Technicians)
ETP Design and Operations
• ETP often fails because of WRONG PROCESS design.
• Electro-Mechanical Devices (pump, blower, etc) are very
important for ETP Operations.
• A low quality or wrong capacity pump or blower will make ETP
operation difficult for the ETP manager; however, equipment can
be replaced (which will cost money, time and man hour).
• Like Wrong Architecture of any Engineering Device or
Construction, the effect of Wrong Process Design or Wrong
Assumption of ETP is almost IRREVERSIBLE.
• Therefore, the management and ETP designer MUST give the TOP
Priority to get the ETP PROCESS sequence and calculation RIGHT.
13 14
15 16

19/10/2019
Water Footprint
True Cost of Water: Water Footprint
• The water footprint is an indicator of (direct
or indirect) water consumed and/or polluted
by a consumer or producer.
• The Water Footprint of a Product is the
volume of water
• consumed and/or
• polluted
to produce the product, measured over the
full supply chain.
http://solaquagen.com
https://cen.acs.org/articles/94/i26/Cleaning-clothing-industry.html
Water Footprint
• Blue Water (surface/ground water)
Footprint: ..consumption of
groundwater by industry, domestic use
and agriculture...
• Green Water (rainwater stored in the
soil as soil moisture) Footprint:
..consumption of rainwater by plants…..
• Grey Water Footprint: .. volume of
polluted water that associates with the
production of all goods and services for
the individual or community.
© Quantis, 2008-2011; www.quantis-intl.com
Water Footprint =
Whole footprint (sum) of
the process in its complete
supply chain
Number of product
units
Water Foot Print: BD Data (2016)
© Quantis, 2008-2011; www.quantis-intl.com
• T-shirt (250 g): 4510 L
• Shirt (150 g): 2194 L
• Single Bedsheet (500 g): 7312 L
• A Pair of Jeans (650 g): 9506 L
• 1.74 million ton of fabric (year 2016)
• Green Water Footprint: 10.87 million m3
• Blue Water Footprint: 7.88 million m3
• Grey Water Footprint: 8.81 million m3
17 18
19 20

19/10/2019
0%
50%
100%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Blue and Grey WFP of Textile Industries
Blue water footprint Grey water footprint
Water footprint
in spinning
0.6%
Water footprint
in yarn dyeing
26.9%
Water footprint
in fabric
manufacturing
0.5%
Water footprint
in fabric
washing,
dyeing,
finishing
58.9%
Water footprint
in RMG
13.0%
WFP in Different Stages in Textile Industry
132
1347
37
165
0
400
800
1200
1600
Blue water footprint Grey water footprint
Litre/kgproduct
Water Footprint in Textile Industry
Before ZLD After ZLD
Hossain and Khan (2018), unpublished
Khan et al (2019), unpublished
0
15000
30000
45000
0
5
10
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Tonne
Millionm3
Blue water footprint of crust leather
Blue water footprint Production of crust leather
0
15000
30000
45000
0
100
200
300
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Tonne
Millionm3
Grey water footprint of crust leather
Grey water footprint Production of crust leather
Water Foot Print: Leather
ESTex-BUET:
A Knowledge Platform
ESTex-BUET
The Environmental Sustainability in Textile Industries program (ESTex) led by the
Department of Chemical Engineering, BUET serves national interest to help
government, local industries and associations to facilitate sustainable industrial
growth in textile sector. ESTex-BUET conducts research, arranges seminars,
workshops, and training for local industries (management and operators),
chemical manufacturers, and suppliers.
Scope:
• # Wastewater Management: Local Capacity Building and Promoting Innovation
• # Chemical Survey: Chemical Mapping
• # Organizing Workshops, Seminars and Training on Chemical Safety, Management
• # Sludge Characterization and Management: Sludge Mapping
• # Laboratory Analysis of Toxic and Restricted Substances in Chemicals: Capacity
Building of Local Laboratories
21 22
23 24

19/10/2019
Deep Tube
well
Process
Water
Textile
Dyeing/Washing
Effluent Discharge
without Treatment
Effluent
Treatment Plant
Recycle/
Zero Discharge
Treated Water
Solid
Sludge
• To Address: Lack of
Knowledge
• Pollution Load
• Appropriate Technique
• ETP Size and Cost
• Cost Reduction Options
• Other Managing and Monitoring
Issues
• To Help: Industries…
• Interested to Install ETPs
• ETP Under Construction
• Non-functional ETP
• Window-dressing ETP
• Fully Operational ETP
• ETP with Zero Discharge/Recycling
Option
Knowledge Platform
Work on Industrial Waste Management:
Textile (Knit, Woven, Denim, Washing),
Pharmaceutical, Food, Petrochemical, Leather
www.estexbd.com
Expert Panel:
Experts and Panelists
25 26
27 28

19/10/2019
Martin Kureck
Process & Field Service
Manager EMEA&I,
Koch Membrane Systems
Nawshad Mustafa
Deputy General Manager,
SME&SPD,
Bangladesh Bank
Mustafa A. K. Khan
Managing Director,
FloWater Solutions Ltd
Jim Silverman
Managing Director,
Flagship Dhaka CETP (BD) Ltd
Md. Mamunul Huda
Senior Adviser, SSREU Project,
GIZ Bangladesh
Arch. Md. Ashraful Alum
Secretary,
RAiN Forum
Alessandro Monti
Head of Global Sales and
Strategy, ZeeWeed Business
Line @ SUEZ WTS
Md. Asadul Haque
Director, Dhaka Laboratory
Department of Environment,
Ministry of Environment &
Forests.
Md. Ashraful Kabir
Chief Engineer
Bangladesh Export
Processing Zones Authority
(BEPZA),
Prime Minister’s Office.
Javed Bin Karim
Senior Advisor
2030 Water Resources Group.
Panelists cont’d
Thanks!!
End!
Group Exercise:
Pollution Load Calculation
In Bangladesh there are about 1500
Textile Dyeing and Washing Factories.
It is assumed that:
• On an Average each factory (washing/dyeing)
produces 1250 m3 wastewater per day
• Wastewater Composition (average):
• TDS = 2500 mg/l (~g/m3)
• TSS = 400 mg/l (~g/m3)
• BOD5 = 400 mg/l (~g/m3)
• COD = 1000 mg/l (~g/m3)
• Each factory runs 330 days/year (avg.)
Task: Calculate Annual Pollution Load
Contributed by the Textile Dyeing and
Washing Factories in Bangladesh??!!
• Total wastewater discharged per
year (in m3)
• Total TDS, TSS, and BOD5
produced per year (in tonne)
(assume 1 tonne = 1000 kg)
29 30
31 32

19/10/2019
Group Exercise: Pollution Load Calculation
Answers:
Total wastewater discharged per year
= 618.75 million m3/yr
(~700 cusec water flowrate)
(~50% of the water supplied by
Teesta Barrage for Irrigation)
Teesta Barrage
Group Exercise: Pollution Load Calculation
Million tonne
per year:
Equivalent
Number of 5
tonne trucks
1.54 M tonne/yr 3.08 lacs
0.25 M tonne/yr 50 thousand
0.25 M tonne/yr --
0.62 M tonne/yr --
Total TDS
Total TSS
Total BOD5
Total COD
33 34

Lecture 1 overview msk_191019_v01

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Lecture 1 overview msk_191019_v01

Similar to Lecture 1 overview msk_191019_v01 (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Lecture 1 overview msk_191019_v01