This document discusses learning disorders, which are information processing problems that prevent people of average or above average intelligence from effectively learning and using skills. It identifies the five most common types of learning disorders as dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia, visual processing disorder, and nonverbal learning disorder. Each type affects different skills such as reading, math, writing, visual processing, and interpreting nonverbal cues. Causes may include genetics, brain damage or dysfunction, biochemical imbalances, and environmental factors. Signs and symptoms vary depending on the type of learning disorder. Treatment involves specialized education, therapy, accommodations, and sometimes medication. Nurses should effectively communicate with patients, assess their needs, allow more time, and
characteristic and identification of students with LDsUsman Khan
what is learning disability
types of learning disabilities
characteristics of children with learning disabilities
Identification of students with learning disabilities
Dyslexia is a learning disorder that causes difficulties with reading due to problems linking speech sounds to written letters and words. It is caused by differences in brain function and is often inherited. Dyslexia can be diagnosed through testing of reading, language skills, family history, and ruling out other potential causes. While there is no cure for dyslexia, early diagnosis and treatment including specialized education programs focused on phonics can help improve reading skills. Support from parents and teachers also plays an important role in helping children with dyslexia to succeed.
Manpreet, Tariq, and Manisha are children experiencing difficulties at school related to language problems. Harish does not want to go to school and may be being bullied due to speech issues. The document discusses addressing the needs of children with language difficulties through accommodations and interventions.
The document describes several scenarios of children with language difficulties:
- Manpreet struggles socially at nursery due to difficulties communicating with other children.
- Tariq has difficulty with reading despite being bright; he had problems learning to talk.
- Manisha got in trouble with a new teacher for not following instructions, but did not understand the teacher.
- Harish does not want to go to school and seems to have no friends, possibly due to being bullied over his speech difficulties.
This document discusses learning difficulties, including learning disabilities. It defines learning disabilities as disorders that affect the brain's ability to receive and process information, making it difficult for individuals to learn in typical ways. Some key points:
- Learning disabilities can impact reading, math, writing, listening, speaking, motor skills, and organization.
- Common types include dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia, dyspraxia, auditory processing disorder, and visual processing disorder.
- The objective is to equip teachers with skills to help learning disabled children by making modifications like using visual aids, clear directions, extra time, and breaking tests into smaller parts.
Learning disabilities are neurological disorders that affect the brain's ability to receive, process, store, and respond to information. They can cause problems with reading, writing, math, attention, organization, and motor skills. Common types of learning disabilities include dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, and dyspraxia. Learning disabilities are lifelong conditions that cannot be cured, but can be managed through educational accommodations and interventions. Early identification is important so that support strategies can be implemented to help students learn effectively and reach their full potential.
Specific learning disabilities are neurological disorders that affect one or more basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using spoken or written language. They can manifest as imperfect abilities in listening, thinking, speaking, reading, writing, spelling, or mathematical reasoning. Common types include dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia, and dysorthographia. Learning disabilities are often characterized by an unexpected difficulty in school performance compared to intelligence level and can be accompanied by issues with attention, behavior, motor skills, and social skills. Early intervention and classroom accommodations can help students with learning disabilities achieve academic success.
What Are Some Common Types of Learning Disabilities Among Kids (1).pdfStrategicLearning2
Embark on a journey of educational discovery with insights into different types of dyslexia and effective dyscalculia intervention programs at the Strategic Learning Clinic. Our dedicated team employs strategic learning methodologies, ensuring tailored support for individuals facing diverse learning challenges. From dyslexia variations to targeted dyscalculia interventions programs, the clinic is your partner in navigating learning differences and unlocking academic success through personalized strategies.
characteristic and identification of students with LDsUsman Khan
what is learning disability
types of learning disabilities
characteristics of children with learning disabilities
Identification of students with learning disabilities
Dyslexia is a learning disorder that causes difficulties with reading due to problems linking speech sounds to written letters and words. It is caused by differences in brain function and is often inherited. Dyslexia can be diagnosed through testing of reading, language skills, family history, and ruling out other potential causes. While there is no cure for dyslexia, early diagnosis and treatment including specialized education programs focused on phonics can help improve reading skills. Support from parents and teachers also plays an important role in helping children with dyslexia to succeed.
Manpreet, Tariq, and Manisha are children experiencing difficulties at school related to language problems. Harish does not want to go to school and may be being bullied due to speech issues. The document discusses addressing the needs of children with language difficulties through accommodations and interventions.
The document describes several scenarios of children with language difficulties:
- Manpreet struggles socially at nursery due to difficulties communicating with other children.
- Tariq has difficulty with reading despite being bright; he had problems learning to talk.
- Manisha got in trouble with a new teacher for not following instructions, but did not understand the teacher.
- Harish does not want to go to school and seems to have no friends, possibly due to being bullied over his speech difficulties.
This document discusses learning difficulties, including learning disabilities. It defines learning disabilities as disorders that affect the brain's ability to receive and process information, making it difficult for individuals to learn in typical ways. Some key points:
- Learning disabilities can impact reading, math, writing, listening, speaking, motor skills, and organization.
- Common types include dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia, dyspraxia, auditory processing disorder, and visual processing disorder.
- The objective is to equip teachers with skills to help learning disabled children by making modifications like using visual aids, clear directions, extra time, and breaking tests into smaller parts.
Learning disabilities are neurological disorders that affect the brain's ability to receive, process, store, and respond to information. They can cause problems with reading, writing, math, attention, organization, and motor skills. Common types of learning disabilities include dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, and dyspraxia. Learning disabilities are lifelong conditions that cannot be cured, but can be managed through educational accommodations and interventions. Early identification is important so that support strategies can be implemented to help students learn effectively and reach their full potential.
Specific learning disabilities are neurological disorders that affect one or more basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using spoken or written language. They can manifest as imperfect abilities in listening, thinking, speaking, reading, writing, spelling, or mathematical reasoning. Common types include dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia, and dysorthographia. Learning disabilities are often characterized by an unexpected difficulty in school performance compared to intelligence level and can be accompanied by issues with attention, behavior, motor skills, and social skills. Early intervention and classroom accommodations can help students with learning disabilities achieve academic success.
What Are Some Common Types of Learning Disabilities Among Kids (1).pdfStrategicLearning2
Embark on a journey of educational discovery with insights into different types of dyslexia and effective dyscalculia intervention programs at the Strategic Learning Clinic. Our dedicated team employs strategic learning methodologies, ensuring tailored support for individuals facing diverse learning challenges. From dyslexia variations to targeted dyscalculia interventions programs, the clinic is your partner in navigating learning differences and unlocking academic success through personalized strategies.
This document defines and describes various learning disabilities including dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia, dyspraxia, aphasia, central auditory processing disorder, visual processing disorder, non-verbal learning disorder, and ADHD. It discusses the signs and symptoms of each disorder as well as their causes. The document also covers the diagnosis and management of learning disabilities through assessments, improving academic skills, developing cognitive abilities, and focusing on specific skill development needed for learning.
TEACHING STRATEGIES FOR THE LEARNERS WITH DISABILITIES,GIFTEDNESS AND TALENTS...RosaliedelaCruz20
This document discusses teaching strategies for students with various abilities and disabilities. It defines different types of learning disabilities like dyslexia, dyscalculia, and ADHD. It also discusses giftedness and talents. The document provides strategies for teaching students with disabilities, including using non-verbal cues, tiered learning, and promoting acceptance. It emphasizes that learning disabilities require different instructional approaches but do not preclude students from learning. The overall message is that all students benefit when teachers provide appropriately challenging material and a supportive learning environment.
The demand for drug rehabilitation programmes in Punjab has significantly increased. Our culture is being destroyed by drug misuse more quickly now. The young people are heavily abusing narcotics. The Hermitage Rehab, the greatest Nasha Mukti Kendra in Amritsar, Punjab, is fighting against it in every way imaginable. The professionals frequently assist the neighbourhood in promoting a drug-free environment.
Specific learning disability by Laxmi GuptaLaxmi Gupta
Specific learning disabilities are neurological disorders that affect how a person processes information. They can impact areas like reading, writing, math, listening, or speaking. Children with specific learning disabilities have average or above average intelligence but their brains process information differently. Determining if a child has a specific learning disability involves assessing if their achievement is below what is expected for their age and intelligence across academic areas like reading, writing, math, etc. and ruling out other factors. Common types of specific learning disabilities include dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia which impact reading, writing, and math respectively. Treatment focuses on strengthening skills and developing individualized learning strategies.
This document discusses learning disabilities and provides information on identifying, diagnosing, and supporting children with learning disabilities. It defines learning disabilities and lists common types including dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia. It outlines signs of learning disabilities at different ages and describes difficulties in specific academic areas like reading, writing, and math. The document also discusses the diagnosis process, tips for communicating with schools, identifying a child's learning style, and educational provisions to support learning disabled children.
This document discusses different types of learning disabilities including problems with reading, writing, spelling, arithmetic, and attention. It defines learning disabilities and describes their characteristics such as difficulties with reading, writing, math, organization, memory, and focus. The document also covers specific learning disabilities like dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, and ADHD. It provides definitions, causes, characteristics, and treatment approaches for these different types of disabilities.
Word recognition is the process of matching written words to their sounds and spelling in memory. Children with weak phonological skills and limited knowledge of letter-sounds have difficulty recognizing many words, slowing their reading. Research shows poor readers have trouble memorizing spelling patterns and rely mainly on initial and final letters. They also struggle with comprehending text due to expending too much mental effort decoding words. Dyslexia is a condition affecting how the brain processes written and spoken language. It can cause problems with reading, writing, spelling and speaking. Symptoms include difficulty connecting letters to sounds, decoding words, and understanding text.
Presentation of Learning Disabilities by Dr Tarek Elabsydrtarekelabsy
A learning disability is a condition that makes the learning process difficult due to how the brain processes information. It is found in children of normal intelligence who have difficulties learning specific skills like reading, writing, or math. Learning disabilities are disorders that affect basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language, spoken or written. They can manifest as problems listening, thinking, speaking, reading, writing, spelling, or doing math. Learning disabilities have a variety of potential causes and symptoms, and a diagnosis requires evaluation by a trained professional using standardized tests.
This document discusses the psychological problems of children and the role of teachers in early identification and management. It covers common conditions like mental retardation, learning disorders, motor skills disorders, pervasive developmental disorders, ADHD, communication disorders, and tic disorders. For each condition, it describes symptoms and characteristics. It emphasizes the importance of teachers communicating with parents and clinicians to help children with psychological needs. Overall, the document provides an overview of various psychological problems in children and highlights how teachers can support students' mental health.
Learning disabilities are neurologically-based disorders that can affect reading, writing, math, organization, memory, and other skills. They are not due to intellectual disabilities or lack of motivation, but rather difficulties with specific information processing deficits. Common learning disabilities include dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia. Treatment involves identifying individual strengths and weaknesses, providing classroom accommodations, and utilizing multidisciplinary support from educators, medical professionals, and family. While learning disabilities cannot be cured, early intervention and appropriate strategies can help those affected achieve success.
Learning disabilities are neurological conditions that affect how a person receives, processes, stores, or retrieves information. They cause difficulties for students to learn as quickly as their non-learning disabled peers. There are several types of learning disabilities that affect reading, writing, math, coordination, language processing, and organization. Learning disabilities are lifelong conditions that result from impairments in brain functioning and processing. They are not due to intellectual deficiencies or laziness. Genetics and environmental factors like prenatal exposure or head injuries can contribute to learning disabilities. Special education programs can help students cope and compensate, but learning disabilities persist throughout life.
This PPT is create to provide proper understanding about learning disabilities, Types, Early intervention, Prevention, Myth and Misconception about Learning Disabilities and Supportive system provide to Learning Disable Student inside and outside of the classroom.
Jennifer Rothman NYC Psychological Treatments For People With Learning Disabi...Jennifer Rothman NYC
Jennifer Rothman provides psychological treatments for people with learning disabilities in NYC. The document discusses various types of learning disabilities such as dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia. It explains that learning disabilities affect areas like reading, writing, and math. While learning disabilities were once thought to be caused by single neurological problems, research now shows they can stem from subtle brain disturbances before or during birth, genetic factors, environmental toxins, infections, or head trauma. The document advocates getting an official diagnosis and creating a tailored plan to get appropriate help, which may be needed in various areas to support the child and family. It also discusses Response to Intervention, an early identification approach using research-based interventions.
A learning disability is a disorder that affects one or more basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using spoken or written language. It can manifest as difficulties with listening, thinking, speaking, reading, writing, spelling, or math. Common causes include genetics, problems during pregnancy/birth, brain injuries, and environmental factors like poor early education. Learning disabilities are diagnosed by comparing IQ and achievement test scores - a significant discrepancy indicates a learning disability. Specific types of learning disabilities include dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, and others related to language, motor skills, sensory processing and more.
The document provides information about learning disabilities and strategies to support students with disabilities. It discusses the objectives of disability support services including psychological testing, accommodations, and study skills support. It then focuses on specific learning disabilities like dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia. For each disability, it defines the condition, discusses underlying causes and symptoms, and provides strategies to help students.
This document provides information about dyslexia, including:
- Dyslexia is a specific learning difficulty that affects how information is learned and processed neurologically. It can impact literacy skills and is often hereditary.
- The signs of dyslexia can be spotted in pre-school through difficulties with speech and in school through problems with reading, spelling, writing and sequencing.
- Strategies for supporting those with dyslexia include using multi-sensory teaching methods, providing structured guidance, recognizing words through whole-word learning techniques, and using assistive technology programs.
Coping With Dyslexia - Speld Victoria at Australiaspeldvic1
Speld Victoria Will help you for how to build a Child’s resilience and Self-Esteem.For Free Professional advice and support call 1800 051 533 or email infoline@speldvic.org.au
This document discusses understanding learning disabilities and attention disorders. It defines learning disabilities as neurologically-based processing problems that can interfere with learning basic and higher-level skills. Signs of learning disabilities are often first diagnosed in school, but some individuals are not evaluated until later in life. Specific learning disabilities covered include dyslexia, dyscalculia, and non-verbal learning disabilities. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is defined as having trouble focusing attention and controlling impulsive behaviors. The document provides tips for instructing students with ADHD, such as including a variety of activities, interacting frequently, and emphasizing key points.
The document discusses intellectual challenges and learning disabilities. It begins by defining an intellectual person and what constitutes a handicap. It then discusses various types of learning disabilities like dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia which affect reading, math, and writing abilities. The document outlines common signs and symptoms of learning disabilities at different ages. It also discusses other challenges like ADHD, autism, and lack of student interest that can make learning difficult. The goal is to provide information to help children with learning disabilities succeed.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
This document defines and describes various learning disabilities including dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia, dyspraxia, aphasia, central auditory processing disorder, visual processing disorder, non-verbal learning disorder, and ADHD. It discusses the signs and symptoms of each disorder as well as their causes. The document also covers the diagnosis and management of learning disabilities through assessments, improving academic skills, developing cognitive abilities, and focusing on specific skill development needed for learning.
TEACHING STRATEGIES FOR THE LEARNERS WITH DISABILITIES,GIFTEDNESS AND TALENTS...RosaliedelaCruz20
This document discusses teaching strategies for students with various abilities and disabilities. It defines different types of learning disabilities like dyslexia, dyscalculia, and ADHD. It also discusses giftedness and talents. The document provides strategies for teaching students with disabilities, including using non-verbal cues, tiered learning, and promoting acceptance. It emphasizes that learning disabilities require different instructional approaches but do not preclude students from learning. The overall message is that all students benefit when teachers provide appropriately challenging material and a supportive learning environment.
The demand for drug rehabilitation programmes in Punjab has significantly increased. Our culture is being destroyed by drug misuse more quickly now. The young people are heavily abusing narcotics. The Hermitage Rehab, the greatest Nasha Mukti Kendra in Amritsar, Punjab, is fighting against it in every way imaginable. The professionals frequently assist the neighbourhood in promoting a drug-free environment.
Specific learning disability by Laxmi GuptaLaxmi Gupta
Specific learning disabilities are neurological disorders that affect how a person processes information. They can impact areas like reading, writing, math, listening, or speaking. Children with specific learning disabilities have average or above average intelligence but their brains process information differently. Determining if a child has a specific learning disability involves assessing if their achievement is below what is expected for their age and intelligence across academic areas like reading, writing, math, etc. and ruling out other factors. Common types of specific learning disabilities include dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia which impact reading, writing, and math respectively. Treatment focuses on strengthening skills and developing individualized learning strategies.
This document discusses learning disabilities and provides information on identifying, diagnosing, and supporting children with learning disabilities. It defines learning disabilities and lists common types including dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia. It outlines signs of learning disabilities at different ages and describes difficulties in specific academic areas like reading, writing, and math. The document also discusses the diagnosis process, tips for communicating with schools, identifying a child's learning style, and educational provisions to support learning disabled children.
This document discusses different types of learning disabilities including problems with reading, writing, spelling, arithmetic, and attention. It defines learning disabilities and describes their characteristics such as difficulties with reading, writing, math, organization, memory, and focus. The document also covers specific learning disabilities like dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, and ADHD. It provides definitions, causes, characteristics, and treatment approaches for these different types of disabilities.
Word recognition is the process of matching written words to their sounds and spelling in memory. Children with weak phonological skills and limited knowledge of letter-sounds have difficulty recognizing many words, slowing their reading. Research shows poor readers have trouble memorizing spelling patterns and rely mainly on initial and final letters. They also struggle with comprehending text due to expending too much mental effort decoding words. Dyslexia is a condition affecting how the brain processes written and spoken language. It can cause problems with reading, writing, spelling and speaking. Symptoms include difficulty connecting letters to sounds, decoding words, and understanding text.
Presentation of Learning Disabilities by Dr Tarek Elabsydrtarekelabsy
A learning disability is a condition that makes the learning process difficult due to how the brain processes information. It is found in children of normal intelligence who have difficulties learning specific skills like reading, writing, or math. Learning disabilities are disorders that affect basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language, spoken or written. They can manifest as problems listening, thinking, speaking, reading, writing, spelling, or doing math. Learning disabilities have a variety of potential causes and symptoms, and a diagnosis requires evaluation by a trained professional using standardized tests.
This document discusses the psychological problems of children and the role of teachers in early identification and management. It covers common conditions like mental retardation, learning disorders, motor skills disorders, pervasive developmental disorders, ADHD, communication disorders, and tic disorders. For each condition, it describes symptoms and characteristics. It emphasizes the importance of teachers communicating with parents and clinicians to help children with psychological needs. Overall, the document provides an overview of various psychological problems in children and highlights how teachers can support students' mental health.
Learning disabilities are neurologically-based disorders that can affect reading, writing, math, organization, memory, and other skills. They are not due to intellectual disabilities or lack of motivation, but rather difficulties with specific information processing deficits. Common learning disabilities include dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia. Treatment involves identifying individual strengths and weaknesses, providing classroom accommodations, and utilizing multidisciplinary support from educators, medical professionals, and family. While learning disabilities cannot be cured, early intervention and appropriate strategies can help those affected achieve success.
Learning disabilities are neurological conditions that affect how a person receives, processes, stores, or retrieves information. They cause difficulties for students to learn as quickly as their non-learning disabled peers. There are several types of learning disabilities that affect reading, writing, math, coordination, language processing, and organization. Learning disabilities are lifelong conditions that result from impairments in brain functioning and processing. They are not due to intellectual deficiencies or laziness. Genetics and environmental factors like prenatal exposure or head injuries can contribute to learning disabilities. Special education programs can help students cope and compensate, but learning disabilities persist throughout life.
This PPT is create to provide proper understanding about learning disabilities, Types, Early intervention, Prevention, Myth and Misconception about Learning Disabilities and Supportive system provide to Learning Disable Student inside and outside of the classroom.
Jennifer Rothman NYC Psychological Treatments For People With Learning Disabi...Jennifer Rothman NYC
Jennifer Rothman provides psychological treatments for people with learning disabilities in NYC. The document discusses various types of learning disabilities such as dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia. It explains that learning disabilities affect areas like reading, writing, and math. While learning disabilities were once thought to be caused by single neurological problems, research now shows they can stem from subtle brain disturbances before or during birth, genetic factors, environmental toxins, infections, or head trauma. The document advocates getting an official diagnosis and creating a tailored plan to get appropriate help, which may be needed in various areas to support the child and family. It also discusses Response to Intervention, an early identification approach using research-based interventions.
A learning disability is a disorder that affects one or more basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using spoken or written language. It can manifest as difficulties with listening, thinking, speaking, reading, writing, spelling, or math. Common causes include genetics, problems during pregnancy/birth, brain injuries, and environmental factors like poor early education. Learning disabilities are diagnosed by comparing IQ and achievement test scores - a significant discrepancy indicates a learning disability. Specific types of learning disabilities include dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, and others related to language, motor skills, sensory processing and more.
The document provides information about learning disabilities and strategies to support students with disabilities. It discusses the objectives of disability support services including psychological testing, accommodations, and study skills support. It then focuses on specific learning disabilities like dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia. For each disability, it defines the condition, discusses underlying causes and symptoms, and provides strategies to help students.
This document provides information about dyslexia, including:
- Dyslexia is a specific learning difficulty that affects how information is learned and processed neurologically. It can impact literacy skills and is often hereditary.
- The signs of dyslexia can be spotted in pre-school through difficulties with speech and in school through problems with reading, spelling, writing and sequencing.
- Strategies for supporting those with dyslexia include using multi-sensory teaching methods, providing structured guidance, recognizing words through whole-word learning techniques, and using assistive technology programs.
Coping With Dyslexia - Speld Victoria at Australiaspeldvic1
Speld Victoria Will help you for how to build a Child’s resilience and Self-Esteem.For Free Professional advice and support call 1800 051 533 or email infoline@speldvic.org.au
This document discusses understanding learning disabilities and attention disorders. It defines learning disabilities as neurologically-based processing problems that can interfere with learning basic and higher-level skills. Signs of learning disabilities are often first diagnosed in school, but some individuals are not evaluated until later in life. Specific learning disabilities covered include dyslexia, dyscalculia, and non-verbal learning disabilities. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is defined as having trouble focusing attention and controlling impulsive behaviors. The document provides tips for instructing students with ADHD, such as including a variety of activities, interacting frequently, and emphasizing key points.
The document discusses intellectual challenges and learning disabilities. It begins by defining an intellectual person and what constitutes a handicap. It then discusses various types of learning disabilities like dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia which affect reading, math, and writing abilities. The document outlines common signs and symptoms of learning disabilities at different ages. It also discusses other challenges like ADHD, autism, and lack of student interest that can make learning difficult. The goal is to provide information to help children with learning disabilities succeed.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
2. ▪ A learning disorder
is an information-processing
problem that prevents a
person from learning a skill
and using it effectively.
Learning disorders generally
effect people of average or
above average intelligence,
and academic
performance.
WHAT IS
LEARNING
DISORDERS ?
3. FIVE COMMON LDs
INCLUDE :
✔Dyslexia
✔Dyscalculia
✔Dysgraphia
✔Visual processing Disorder &
✔Non verbal Learning Disorder
4. DYSLEXIA
◆ A specific learning
disability that affects
reading and related
language - based
processing skills
DYSCALCULIA
◆ A specific learning
disability that affects a
person's ability to
understand numbers
and learn math facts
DYSGRAPHIA
◆ A specific learning
disability that affects a
person's handwriting
ability and fine motor
skills.
5. VISUAL PROCESSING
DISORDER
◆ Learning disabilities that
affect an individual's
understanding of what
they read or of spoken
language. The ability to
express one's self with oral
language may also be
impacted
NONVERBAL LEARNING
DISORDER
◆ Has trouble interpreting
nonverbal cues like
facial expressions or
body language and
may have poor
coordination
6. TYPES AND
CLASSIFICATIONS :
● READING
Learning disorders in reading are usually based on difficulty percieving a spoken
word as a combination of distinct sound. This can make it hard to understand how a
letter or letters represent a sound and how letter combinations make a word.
Problems with working memory - the ability to hold and manipulate information
in the moment - also can play a role.
Even when basic reading skills are mastered, children may have difficulty with the
following skills:
■ Reading at a typical pace
■ Understanding what they read
■ Recalling accurately what they read
■ Making inferences based on their reading
■ Spelling
A learning disorder in reading is usually called dyslexia, but some specialists may use
the term to describe only some of the information-processing problems that can cause
7. ● WRITTEN EXPRESSION
Writing requires complex visual, motor and
information-processing skills. A learning disorder
in written expression may cause the following:
■ Slow and labor - intensive handwriting
■ Handwriting that's hard to read
■ Difficulty putting thoughts into writing
■ Written text that's poorly organized or hard to
understand
■ Trouble with spelling, grammar and
8. ● MATH
A learning disorder in math may caused problems
with the following skills:
■ Understanding how numbers work and relate to
each other
■ Calculating math problems
■ Memorizing basic calculations
■ Using math symbols
■ Understanding word problems
■ Organizing and recording information while
solving a math problems
9. • NONVERBAL SKILLS
A child with a learning disorder in nonverbal skills appears to develop
good basic language skills and strong rote memorization skills early in
childhood. Difficulties are present in visual - spatial skills, visula -
motor skills , and other skills necessary in social or academic
functioning.
A child with a learning disorder in nonverbal skills may have trouble
with the following skills:
■ Interpreting facial expressions and nonverbal cues in social
interaction
■ Using language appropriately in social situations
■ Physical coordination
■ Fine motor skills, such as writing
■ Attention, planning and organizing
10. •RISK FACTORS•
▪ Family history and genetics. A family history of learning disorders increases the
risk of a child developing a disorder.
▪ Prenatal and neonatal risks. Poor growth in the uterus (severe intrauterine
growth restriction), exposure to alcohol or drugs before being born, premature
birth, and very low birth weight have been linked with learning disorders.
▪ Psychological trauma. Psychological trauma or abuse in early childhood may
affect brain development and increase the risk of learning disorders.
▪ Physical trauma. Head injuries or nervous system infections might play a role in
the development of learning disorders.
▪ Environmental exposure. Exposure to high levels of toxins, such as lead, has been
linked to an increased risk of learning disorders.
11. ETIOLOGY OF LEARNING
DISORDER :
• There are likely to be different causes but in
most cases, the cause (Etiology) of a child’s
learning disorder is unknown.
❑Four suspected causal factors are:
✔Brain damage
✔Heredity
✔Biochemical imbalance
✔Environmental causes
12. ▪ Brain Damage or Dysfunction :
⮚ Some professionals believe that all children with
learning disorders suffer from some type of brain
injury or dysfunction of the central nervous system.
⮚ Learning disorders are presumed to be due to central
nervous system dysfunction.
⮚ The actual structure of the brain of some children with
reading disabilities is slightly different from that of
children without disabilities.
13. ▪ Heredity :
⮚Individuals with certain genetic syndromes may
have an increased risk of manifesting a particular
type of learning disorders
Research into these syndromes has revealed that
girls with turner syndromes and fragile X syndrome
and boys with Kline filter syndrome tend to have
visual-perceptual learning disabilities.
⮚There is growing evidence that genetics may account
for at least some family links with dyslexia.
14. ▪ Biochemical Imbalance :
⮚ Biochemical disturbances within a child’s body may also be a
cause of learning disabilities.
⮚ It is also suggested that learning disorders can be caused by the
inability of a child’s bloodstream to synthesize a normal amount
of vitamins.
⮚ Today, most professionals in learning disorders give little
credence to biochemical imbalance as a significant cause of
children’s learning problems .
15. ▪ Environmental Factors :
⮚ Impoverished living conditions early in a child’s life can
contribute to LDs (Malnutrition).
⮚ Another environmental variable that is likely to contribute to
children’s learning problems is the quality of instruction they
receive.
⮚ Infants and toddlers who received infrequent communication
exchanges with their parents were more likely to show deficits in
vocabulary, language use, and intellectual development before
entering school.
16. WARNING SIGNS :
● Dyslexia
People with dyslexia usually have trouble making the connection between letters and
sound and with spelling and recognizing words.
People with dyslexia often show other signs of the condition. These may include :
✔ Having a hard time understanding what others are saying
✔ Difficulty organizing written and spoken language
✔ Delay in being able to speak
✔ Difficulty expressing thoughts or feelings
✔ Difficulty learning new words (vocabulary), either while reading or hearing
✔ Trouble learning foreign languages
✔ Difficulty learning songs and rhymes
17. ✔ Slow rate of reading, both silently and out loud
✔ Giving up on longer reading task
✔ Difficulty understanding question and following
directions
✔ Poor spelling.
✔ Problems remembering numbers and sequence
(for example, telephone and addresses)
✔ Trouble telling left from right
18. ● Dysgraphia
A child who has trouble writing or has very poor handwriting and does
not outgrow it may have dysgraphia. This disorder may cause a child
to be tense and twist awkwardly when holding a pen or pencil.
Other sign of this condition may include :
✔ A strong dislike of writing and/or drawing
✔ Problems with grammar
✔ Trouble writing down ideas
✔ Losing energy or interest as soon as they start writing
✔ Trouble writing down thoughts in a logical sequence
✔ Saying words out loud while writing
✔ Leaving words unfinished or omitting them when writing
sentence
19. • Dyscalculia
Sign of this disability include problems understanding basic arithmetic concepts,
such as fractions ,number lines, and positive and negative numbers
Other symptoms may include :
✔ Difficulty with math- related word problems
✔ Trouble making change in cash transactions
✔ Messiness in putting math problems on paper
✔ Trouble with logical sequences(for example, steps in math problems)
✔ Trouble understanding the time sequence of events
✔ Trouble describing math processes
20. Common signs that a person may have learning
disabilities include the following :
• Problems reading and/or writing
• Problems with math
• Poor memory
• Problems paying attention
• Trouble following directions
• Clumsiness
• Trouble telling time
• Problems staying organized
21. A child with a learning disability also may have one or more of the
following :
• Acting without really thinking about possible outcomes
(impulsiveness)
• “Acting out” in school or social situations
• Difficulty staying focused; being easily distracted
• Difficulty saying a word correctly out loud or expressing
thoughts
• Problems with school performance from week to week or day to
day
• Speaking like a younger child; using short, simple phrases; or
leaving out words in sentences
• Having a hard time listening
22. MANISFESTIONS :
Your child might have a learning disorder if he or she:
• Doesn't master skills in reading, spelling, writing or math at
or near expected age and grade levels
• Has difficulty understanding and following instructions
• Has trouble remembering what someone just told him or her
• Lacks coordination in walking, sports or skills such as
holding a pencil
• Easily loses or misplaces homework, schoolbooks or other
items
• Has difficulty understanding the concept of time
• Resists doing homework or activities that involve reading,
writing or math, or consistently can't complete homework
assignments without significant help
23. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT :
■ Extra help. A reading specialist, math tutor or other trained professional can teach
your child techniques to improve his or her academic, organizational and study skills
■ Individualized education program (IEP). Public schools in the United State are
mandated to provide an individual education program for students who meet certain
criteria for a learning disorders. The IEP sets learning goals and determines strategies
and services to support the child's learning in school.
■ Accommodations. Classroom accommodations might include more time to complete
assignments or test, being seated near the teacher to promote attention, use of
computer applications that support writing, including fewer math problems in
assignments , or providing audiobooks to supplement reading
■ Therapy. Some children benefit from therapy. Occupational therapy might improve
the motor skills of a child who has writing problems. A speech- language therapist can
help address language skills
24. ■ Medication . Your child's doctor might recommend medication
to manage depression or severe anxiety. Medication for
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder may improve a child's
abiloty to concentrate in school.
■ Complementary and alternative medicine. Further research is
needed to determined the affectiveness of alternative
treatments, such as dietary changes, use of vitamins, eye
exercises, neurofeedback and use of technological devices.
25. THERAPIES :
The most common treatment for a
learning disability is special education or
speech and language therapy; however,
occasionally, medication can be tried to
enhance attention and concentration.
Because medication usually meets with
mixed results, health care practitioners
26. NURSING CARE
MANAGEMENT :
COMMUNICATION
Effective communication and interpersonal skills are
central to the nurse/patient relationship.Hospital
separates people from their ordinary lives and if the
patient has a learning disability this separation can be
distressing.
Communicating with people with a learning disability
seems to present difficulties for health providers . They
often fail to alleviate the sense isolation experienced by
27. ► Assess the patient's communication skills and their
preferred method of communicating.
BEHAVIOUR
People with learning disabilities often have difficulty
adapting to new situations, therefore admission to
hospital may be more traumatic than for those who
do not have a learning disability.This means is
potential for problematic behaviour.
28. PREADMISSION
Where it is known that a person with a learning disability is
being admitted, several things can be done before the
admission takes place. It would be advantageous to:
✔ Talk to the patient, parents/carers and any health
professionals involved about the patient's communication,
and their likes and dislike;
✔ Assess the person with a learning disability's knowledge of
hospitals and address any potential fears;
✔ If possible, allow the patient to visit the ward/department
with thier carers and/or community learning disability nurse
29. POST ADMISSION
If a preadmission visit took place, ensure some familiar faces are
on duty on the day of admission. Nurses should :
✔ Be interactive, communicate, remain patient;
✔ Make eye contact;
✔ Look and listen;
✔ Encourage carers to visit;
✔ Allocate more time for the patient;
✔ Enable any nurses who may have experience with people with a
learning disability to care for the patient (but do not overuse this)
30. CONSENT
Nurses need to consider the capacity and ability of the person with a
learning disability to give informed consent . This means undertaking
a further assessment to determine capacity
This applies to all patients but particularly to patients with learning
disabilities. This means;
✔ Having effective communications with people with a learning
disability;
✔ Thorough assessment of needs so that valid and accurate information
can be given;
✔ Allowing time (and having patience ) to let the patient make her or
his own choice wherever possible;
✔ Where necessary remember the patient has the right to have an