This document provides an overview of learning disabilities, including what they are, common types, signs and symptoms, causes, and treatment. It discusses how learning disabilities affect how people process and understand information differently. The most common types involve problems with reading, writing, math, reasoning, listening, and speaking. While there is no cure, specialists can help diagnose specific disabilities and develop strategies to help people adapt and accomplish their goals.

1. Pedagogía en Ingles
Departamento de Ingles
Report number one
Learning Disabilities
Natalia Rojas Olguin
Language and Society
September 29th
, 2015

2. CONTENTS
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………..1
What are learning disabilities?.............................................................................................................2
Learning disabilities Categories....................................................................................................…...3
Kinds oflearning disabilities
 The most common learning disabilities……………………………………….......………....4
Signs and symptoms
 Symptoms according to the edge…………………………………………………………….5
Learning disabilities Causes………………......……………………………………………………...6
Cure for learning disabilities……………...……………………………………………………….....7
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………8
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………….…9

3. INTRODUCTION
In this report we will learn more about children and adults with learning disabilities which understand
things differently. Their most common learning disabilities are reading, writing, math, listening, and
speaking.
On the next pages we are going to mention and detail the kinds of learning disabilities, the most
common learning disabilities, the causes,the signs and symptoms including the people able to help
them with their disabilities.
1

4. WHAT ARE LEARNING DISABILITIES?
Learning disabilities, or learning disorders, are an umbrella term for a wide variety of learning
problems. A learning disability is not a problem with intelligence or motivation. Kids with learning
disabilities aren’t lazy or dumb. In fact, most are just as smart as everyone else. Their brains are
simply wired differently. This difference affects how they receive and process information.
Simply put, children and adults with learning disabilities see,hear,and understand things differently.
This can lead to trouble with learning new information and skills, and putting them to use. The most
common types of learning disabilities involve problems with reading, writing, math, reasoning,
listening, and speaking.
2

5. LEARNING DISABILITIES CATEGORIES
Most learning disabilities fall into one of two categories: verbal and nonverbal.
 People with verbal learning disabilities have difficulty with words, both spoken and written.
The most common and best-known verballearning disability is dyslexia, which causespeople
to have trouble recognizing or processing letters and the sounds associated with them. For
this reason, someone with dyslexia will have trouble with reading and writing tasks or
assignments.
Some people with verbal learning disabilities may be able to read or write just fine but
struggle with other aspects of language. For example, they may be able to sound out a
sentence or paragraph perfectly, making them good readers,but they can't relate to the words
in ways that will allow them to make sense of what they're reading (such as forming a picture
of a thing or situation) and some people have trouble with the act of writing as their brains
struggle to control the many things that go into it — from moving their hand to form letter
shapes to remembering the correct grammar rules involved in writing down a sentence.
 People with nonverbal learning disabilities may have difficulty processing what they see.
They may have trouble making sense of visual details like numbers on a blackboard.
Someone with a nonverbal learning disability may confuse the plus sign with the sign for
division, for example. Some abstract concepts like fractions may be difficult to master for
people with nonverbal learning disabilities.
3

6. KINDS OF LEARNING DISABILITIES
There are many kinds of learning disabilities. Most students affected by them have more than one
kind. Certain kinds of learning disabilities can interfere with a person's ability to concentrate or focus
and can cause someone's mind to wander too much. Other learning disabilities can make it difficult
for a student to read, write, spell, or solve math problems.
The way our brains process information is extremely complex - it's no wonder things can get messed
up sometimes. Take the simple act of looking at a picture, for example: Our brains not only have to
form the lines into an image, they also have to recognize what the image stands for, relate that image
to other facts stored in our memories, and then store this new information.
It's the same thing with speech - we have to recognize the words, interpret their meaning, and figure
out the significance of the statement to us. Many of these activities take place in separate parts of the
brain, and it's up to our minds to link them all together.
THE MOST COMMON LEARNING DISABILITIES ARE:
Dyslexia: Difficulty reading, writing, spelling, speaking
Dyscalculia: Difficulty with math problems, understanding time, using money
Dysgraphia: Problems with handwriting, spelling, organizing ideas
Dyspraxia: (Sensory Integration Disorder) Difficulty with fine motor skills, Problems with hand–
eye coordination, balance, manual dexterity
Dysphasia/Aphasia: Problems understanding spoken language, poor reading comprehension
Auditory Processing Disorder: Difficulty hearing differences between sounds, Problems with
reading, comprehension, language
Visual Processing Disorder: Difficulty interpreting visual information, reading, math, maps, charts,
symbols, pictures
4

7. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF LEARNING DISABILITIES AND DISORDERS
Learning disabilities look very different from one child to another. One child may struggle with
reading and spelling, while another loves books but can’t understand math. Still another child may
have difficulty understanding what others are saying or communicating out loud. The problems are
very different, but they are all learning disorders.
It’s not always easy to identify learning disabilities. Because of the wide variations, there is no single
symptom or profile that you can look to as proof of a problem. However, some warning signs are
more common than others at different ages.
THESE ARE SOME SYMPTOMS ACCORDING TO THE EDGE:
Preschool signs and symptoms of learning disabilities: Problems pronouncing words, Trouble
finding the right word, Difficulty rhyming, Trouble learning the alphabet, numbers, colors, shapes,
Days of the week Ages 5-9 signs and symptoms of learning disabilities: Trouble learning the
connection between letters and sounds, unable to blend sounds to make words, confuses basic words
when reading, consistently misspells words and makes frequent reading errors.
Ages 10-13 signs and symptoms oflearning disabilities: Difficulty with reading comprehension or
math skills, Trouble with open-ended test questions and word problems, dislikes reading and writing;
avoids reading aloud, spells the same word differently in a single document.
5

8. WHAT CAUSES THEM?
No one's exactly sure what causes learning disabilities. But researchers do have some theories as to
why they develop, including:
 Genetic influences. Experts have noticed that learning disabilities tend to run in families and
they think that heredity could play a role. However, researchers are still debating whether
learning disabilities are,in fact,genetic, or if they show up in families because kids learn and
model what their parents do.
 Brain development. Some experts think that learning disabilities can be traced to brain
development, both before and after birth. For this reason,problems such as low birth weight,
lack of oxygen, or premature birth may have something to do with learning disabilities.
Young children who receive head injuries may also be at risk of developing learning
disabilities.
 Environmental impacts. Infants and young kids are susceptible to environmental toxins
(poisons). For example, you may have heard how lead (which can be found in some old
homes in the form of lead paint or lead water pipes) is sometimes thought to contribute to
learning disabilities. Poor nutrition early in life also may lead to learning disabilities later in
life.
On the other hand, a percentage of people have their own “theories”. Up to one-third of people
attribute LD to causes that are inaccurate including; excessive time watching TV (22 percent), poor
diet (31 percent) and childhood vaccinations (24 percent).
Also Seven out of 10 people mistakenly link LD with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum
disorders.
6

9. CURE FOR LEARNING DISABILITY
There's no cure for a learning disability. And you don't outgrow it. Most people with these disabilities
adapt to their learning differences and find strategies that help them accomplish their goals and
dreams.
Fortunately, exist some specialists who may be able to testfor diagnose and for help with the learning
disabilities:
They are:
 Clinical psychologists.
 School psychologists.
 Child psychiatrists.
 Educational psychologists.
 Developmental psychologists.
 Neuropsychologist.
 Psychometrist.
 Occupational therapist (tests sensory disorders that can lead to learning problems).
 Speech and language therapist.
7

10. CONCLUSION
To conclude, in this report I have explained all about learning disabilities how they can affect people,
the principal symptoms, about the cure,and the point of view from experts and the opinion from the
common people. It provides information on a topic that not many people are aware off.
8

11. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3eJwU7GpqXs
 http://www.helpguide.org/articles/learning-disabilities/learning-disabilities-and-
disorders.htm
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yG_xSBsFMPQ
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3ONz6TaKIk
 http://www.ld.org/
9