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Learning style presentation for pedagogy first
- 1. Learning theories and onlinelearning Claire Major, 2013
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- 3. Learning is aprocess.
- 4. The process oflearning leads to change.
- 5. A change towhat?
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- 8. Learning changes anindividual.
- 9. Psychological theories of learning.
- 10. • Behaviorism • Cognitivism •Constructivism
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- 12. Learning is achange to behavior.
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- 14. Skinner and Pavlov Classicalconditioning
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- 20. http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514272463/ html/x533.html
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- 26. Learning is achange to the way that the brain processes.
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- 36. Duplication of knowledge constructs of knower
- 37. Existing schemata and prior experiences
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- 39. Learning is aprocess in which the learner constructs or builds new ideas or concepts.
- 40. Learning is apersonal endeavor.
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- 49. Constructing new knowledge (e.g. a new internal reality)
- 50. Experience of anindividual acting and engaging with others
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- 56. • Sociology • Anthropology •Philosophy • Education
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- 58. Learning is achange in connections, whether social, relational, or technological.
- 59. Learning does notbelong to an individual
- 60. Hutchings, Perry Distributed learningtheory (distributed cognition)
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- 62. Classical cognition vs.distributed cognition http://mindmaps.wikispaces.com/dcog
- 63. Lave; Wenger; SeelyBrown Situated learning theory (situated cognitition)
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- 65. Siemens; Downes Connectivism (a bit like connected cognition???)
- 66. Connected cognition: ttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/ pii/S0732312311000678
- 67. According to thesetheorists:
- 68. A group ofindividuals building a networked intelligence
- 69. Resources are sharedwithin a community
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- 72. http://www.usdla.org/html/journal/FEB02_Iss ue/article01.html
- 73. Knowledge resides amongst individuals and technologies.
- 74. interact with eachother and with technology.
- 75. engage in jointactivity and have shared tools.
- 76. Employ social interactionswith technology.
- 77. think and learnwith objects and tools.
- 78. They construct acommon language and shared understanding.
- 79. construct a networkof both human and non-human actors/
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- 86. What do Ibelieve?
- 87. What is therole of technology?
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- 89. Create better learning environmentsand activities.
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- 95. Permalink:http://clairemajor.net/ 2013/04/19/learning-theories- and-online-learning/
Editor's Notes
- #2 I’m Claire Major, and may talk today is about learning theories and online learning.
- #3 Central to this talk is the following question: What is learning?
- #4 Many scholars agree that learning is a process
- #5 They also agree that the result of the process of learning leads to some kind of change
- #6 The underlying question then is this:What kind of change does learning cause?
- #7 The answer depends upon whom you ask.
- #8 There are many different theories of learning, that attempt to describe what learning is, how it happens, and what change results.
- #9 Some of these theories describe learning as a change that happens within an individual’s mind.
- #10 These theories tend to come from the field of psychology, and there are three main psychological theories of learning…..
- #12 Behaviorism is the earliest of these theories
- #14 Famous behaviorists include
- #15 Skinner and Pavlov, with their ideas about classical conditioning.
- #16 Think about Skinner’s rats…
- #17 And Pavlov’s dog.
- #18 Thorndike is another famous behaviorists, with his notion of operant conditioning.
- #19 Think Thorndike’s cat in the puzzle box
- #20 Bandura is sometimes thought of as a bahaviorist, although he represents a bridge to cognitivist learning theory….
- #21 Particiularly with his conception of personal determinants, which include an individuals knowledge, prior experiences, and attitudes.
- #22 According to behavorists…
- #23 Acquiring knowledge through experience is the goal of learning is the goal of learning.
- #24 Stimulus and response is the mechanism for learning
- #25 Rewards and punishmentsare factors that influence learning.
- #26 Cognitivism is another pscyhological theory of learning
- #27 Cognitivists hold that learning is a relatively permanent change in a learner’s schemata or in the way the brain processes.
- #28 Famous cognitivists include
- #29 Wrtheimer, with his notion of Gestalt psychology
- #30 Which holds that the brian is holistic, with self organizing principles, such as multistabliity in which ambiguous images pop back and forth in our perception.
- #31 Atkinson and Shiffrin and their ideas about information processing
- #32 Which suggest that the mind works like a computer, as information is temporarily held in short term memory before moving to long term memory.
- #33 And Anderson, with his notion of schema theory is another famous cognitivist.
- #34 Which canbe described as a mental structure or a system for organizing and perceiving new information.
- #35 Cognitivists believe that
- #36 Changing mental processes (e.g. problem-solving) is the goal of learning.
- #37 Duplication of knowledge constructs of knower who organizes information for the learner is how learning occurs.
- #38 Existing schemata and prior experiences are factors that influence learning.
- #39 The thirdpschological theory of learning is constructivism.
- #40 Constructivists believe that learning is a process in which the learner constructs or builds new ideas or concepts based upon current and past knowledge.
- #41 Learning is a personal endeavor, whereby internalized concepts, rules, and general principles may consequently be applied in a practical real-world context.
- #42 Famous constructovists include
- #43 Piaget, with his notion of congnitive constructivism
- #44 Who says that knowing reality means constructing systems of transofrmations that correspond, more or less adequately, to reality
- #45 Vygotsky, with his notion of social constructivism
- #46 Wy says that through others, we become ourselves
- #47 Pappert who extended Vygotsky’s notion to a new form, which he called social constructionism.
- #48 Papert says that the role of the teacher is to create conditions for invention rathern than provide ready-made knowledge.
- #49 Constructivists believe that
- #50 Constructing new knowledge (e.g. a new internal reality) is the goal of learning.
- #51 Experience of an individual acting and engaging with others is how learning occurs.
- #52 Prior experiences are the key factors that influence learning.
- #53 These theories are interesting, and they have good evidence to support their efficacy.
- #55 Are starting to think about learning a bit differently…this shift is in part enabled because of technology
- #56 Thus a new camp of learning theories and theorists has developed…
- #57 Are coming from a range of fields, including sociology, anthropology, philosophy, education
- #58 These are at times called social learning theories, at times called realtional learning theories, and occasionally called contextual learning theoreis.
- #59 They set forth a view of learning that holds that all learning is a change in connections to other people and tools.
- #60 Learning, then, does not belong to an individual but to many, evidenced through the conversations amongst individuals.
- #61 Hutchings and Perry and their ideas about distributed learning theory
- #63 Which suggest that learning exists outside of the mind and resides with people and tools
- #64 Lave and Wenger and Seely brown and their ideas about situated learning theory
- #65 Which suggests that learning is contextually bound.
- #66 And Siemens and Downs and tehir notion of Connectivism
- #67 Which isuggests that learning is represented in nodes and ties between indivdiuals and artifacts.
- #68 According to social relational theorists:
- #69 A group of individuals building a networked intelligence is a goal of learning.
- #70 Resources are shared within a community, in which members interact with each other and with technological tools is the way in which learning happens.
- #71 Is a factor that Influences learning.
- #72 We can create online courses from an individualists perspective, developing them to support behaviorial, cognitive or social constructivist perspectives.
- #73 online learning can also support a social relational view of learning
- #74 In an online course, knowledge resides amongst individuals and their technological objects and tools
- #75 In online courses, students interact with each other and with technology.
- #76 Online, students engage in joint activity and have shared tools.
- #77 Their interactions with technology are by nature social ones.
- #78 Students use their objects and tools and they think and learn with them
- #79 They construct a common language and shared understanding while they are simultaneously engaged in the pursuit of individual and collective objectives.
- #80 STudents learn as they construct a network of both human and non-human actors, including technical tools.
- #81 Thus they are active agents in a socio-cultural and socio-technological environment.
- #82 Why is any of this important?
- #83 Because our beliefs about learning drive our pedagogical decisions and ultimately our teaching acts…
- #84 Whether they do so on a conscious or subconscious level.
- #85 We should ask ourselves the following questions:
- #86 Who am I theoretically speaking? What is my stance on learning?Am IA behavorists?A cognitivistA constructivist?
- #87 Can reside outside the mind of an individual?
- #88 Technological tools and artifacts in the process of learning?
- #89 Being aware of our stances toward learning can help us make better, more informed decisions.
- #90 Being more aware of what we see as the goal and process of learning can help us to create better learning environments and activities.
- #91 Being aware of and owning our stances can help us help students learn.
- #92 That is, after all, the point.
- #94 I plan to use an extended version of this information in a book that I’m currently writing…
- #95 Please comment if you have suggestions for improving this content!
- #96 The permalink to this presentation is at clairemajor.net