This document discusses leadership and the relationship between leaders and followers. It defines leadership as motivating a group towards a common goal through social influence. There are different styles of leadership, including authoritarian, participative, and delegative. The relationship between leaders and followers is important for a group's functioning, and develops through repeated exposure and interaction over time as familiarity, similarity, and accessibility increase.

1. LEADERSHIP
-ASHISH BUDHWAR

2. LEADERSHIP
 In the most common sense Leadership is the skill or
act of motivating a group of people to act towards
achieving a common goal.
 It is the process of social influence in which one
person can enlist the aid and support of others in the
accomplishment of a common goal.
 According to Chemers, Leadership is “a process of
social influence through which an individual enlists
and mobilizes the aid of others in the attainment of a
collective goal.”

3. NATURE OF LEADERSHIP
 Leadership derives from power.
 It is essential for managing.
 Leadership & motivation are closely interconnected. A leader
can encourage or dampen the motivation of others by
influencing the environment.
 The essence of leadership is followership.
 Leadership involves unequal distribution of powers to aid the
leader have more power than the group.
 Leaders influence the behavior of group members.
 Leadership is a demanding job both physically &
psychologically.
 Leadership is concerned about values. The values of the leader
influence the subordinates.

4. STYLES OF LEADERSHIP
 Leadership styles refer to the behavior of a leader
towards group members.
 The behavioral pattern which the leader reflects in
his role as a leader is often described as the style of
leadership.
 The type of leadership also depends on the type of
followers & the organizational atmosphere.
 Some major styles of leadership are listed on the next
slide.

5. STYLES OF LEADERSHIP
 KURT LEWIN in 1939, on basis of his researches,
identified different styles of leadership and
established 3 major styles of leadership.
1. Authoritarian Leadership (Autocratic)
2. Participative Leadership (Democratic)
3. Delegative Leadership (Laissez-Faire)

6. Authoritarian Leadership (Autocratic)
 ADVANTAGES :
1. Provides clear expectations of
what/when it needs to be done.
2. Focused on the command by the
leader & control of the followers.
3. Clear division between the
leader & the members.
4. Best applied in situations where
there is little time for group
decision making.
5. Also applied where the leader is
the most knowledgeable
member in the group.
 DISADVANTAGES :
1. Little or no input taken from
other group members.
2. Decision-making is less creative.
3. Abuse of this method is seen as
controlling, bossy & dictatorial.
4. It sometimes creates
dysfunctional and even hostile
environments, often pitting
followers against the
domineering leader.

7. Participative Leadership (Democratic)
 ADVANTAGES
1. It is the most effective leadership
style.
2. The leader not only offers guidance
but also participates in the group.
3. Input is allowed from other group
members.
4. The contributions of the team were
of higher qualities.
5. Group members feel engaged in the
decision making.
6. The followers feel that they are an
important part of the team.
7. More creative ideas are produced.
 DISADVANTAGES
1. Leader encourages everyone but
retains in the final step of decision
making.
2. The team members are less
effective as compared to the
Authoritarian Leadership.

8. Delegative Leadership (Laissez-Faire)
 ADVANTAGES
1. Can be useful in situations involving highly qualified experts.
2. The leader transfers the decision making power to the members but
still remains responsible for their decisions.
 DISADVANTAGES
1. Delegative leaders offer little or no guidance.
2. The followers make more demands.
3. The group lacks motivation & direction.
4. The members tend to blame each other for mistakes, refused to take
personal responsibility & produced a lack of progress & work.
5. It is the most ineffective style of leadership.

9. LEADER-FOLLOWER RELATIONSHIP
 A Leader is a person who leads a group to attain a
goal that is common to the group.
 A Follower is a person who can be influenced
towards the achievement of a goal.
 Since leader and followers work in the same
environment and for the same goal, there becomes a
relationship between the two, which plays an
essential role in the functioning of the group.

10. LEADER-FOLLOWER RELATIONSHIP
 Given the similarity of goals and traits, it seems easy to
align leaders & followers but it is a struggling task.
 According to Kouzes & Posner, successful leadership
depends far more on the follower’s perception of the
leader’s abilities than the leader’s own perception.
 But the converse could also be true, that is followership is
in the view of the leader.
 To envision it, one must have a perception of reality. To
mutually understand the reality of the leader and
follower one must communicate. As a result of
communication, one relates and when one relates,
relationship develops.

11. LEADER-FOLLOWER RELATIONSHIP
 How leader-follower relationship develops?
 According to Simpson & Harris, there are 5 ways in which
leader-follower relationship develops:
1. Repeated exposure to a person increases liking for that person
because familiar people are assumed to be safe & comforting.
2. Frequent interaction because of physical proximity increases
perceptions of similarity.
3. Frequent interaction also permits people to explore & verify
their similarities which further increases the liking fo reach
other.
4. Regular interaction leads to the anticipation of future contact.
5. People who are in close proximity to each other are readily
accessible & available to interact & provide rewards to one
another.