The document contains 41 multiple choice questions about leadership theories and concepts. The questions cover topics such as the differences between leaders and managers, various leadership styles (e.g. transactional, transformational), sources of power, and situational and contingency theories of leadership. The correct answers are indicated in bold text for each question.

1. Additional Questions for practice(Option in the bold is answer)
1. Which of the following statements concerning the rational and emotional aspects of leadership is false?
a) Leaders can use rational techniques and/or emotional appeals in order to influence followers
b) Leadership includes actions and influences based only on reason and logic
c) Aroused feelings can be used either positively or negatively
d) Good leadership involves touching others' feelings
2. To many, the word management suggests
a) Dynamism b) Risk-taking c) Efficiency d) Creativity
3. According to the text, leadership is often more associated with
a) Consistency b) Planning c) Paperwork d) Change
4. This is a conventional distinction made between managers and leaders.
a) Managers maintain while leaders develop
b) Managers innovate while leaders administer
c) Managers inspire while leaders control
d) Managers originate while leaders imitate
5. Which of the following statements about leaders versus managers is false?
a) Leadership is a value-laden, activity, management is not
b) Leaders focus on risk taking, managers perform functions such as planning and controlling
c) Leaders are thought to do things right, managers do the right things
d) Leaders develop, managers
6. Theory y assumes which of the following
a) People are poorly motivated
b) People achieve little satisfaction from work
c) People are committed to organizational activities
d) People seek to avoid work
7. Theory X assumes which of the following
a) People regard work as normal activity
b) People achieve little satisfaction from work
c) People seek out responsibility
d) People are self-motivated
B. A democratic leadership style has which of the following characteristics
a) Split power b) Dictatorial leader
c) Genuine d) Answer A & B
9. Participative leadership has which of the following characteristics
a) Believe success arises from leaders and staff working together
b) Employs a clear chain of command
c) Takes the view that rewards and punishment motivate staff
d) Seeks to involve staff in the decision making process.
10. Transactional leadership has which of the following characteristics?
a) Takes the view that rewards and punishment motivate staff.
b) Seeks to ensure staff understand issues facing the organisation
c) Seeks to involve staff in the decision making process.
d) Believe success arises from leaders and staff working together

2. 11. Transformational leadership has which of the following characteristics?
a) Believe success arises from leaders and staff working together.
b) Seeks to involve staff in the decision making process
c) Employs a clear chain of command
d) Takes the view that rewards and punishment motivate staff.
12. Which of the following is reward Power
a) Leader can reward staff who comply with instructions
b) Leader is able to exercise power because of their charisma and reputation
c) Leader can punish staff who do not comply with instructions
d) Leader has power because of expert knowledge
13. Which of the following is expert power
a) Leader can exercise power as a result of their position in the organisation
b) Leader has power because of their expert knowledge
c) Leader has power because subordinates trust him/her.
d) Leader can punish staff who do not comply with instructions.
14. Which among the following is not a leadership style
a) Transactional leadership b) Transformational leadership
c) Transmission leadership d) Paternalistic leadership
15. Which is a quality not possessed by a leader
a) Paternalistic b) Delegating c) Motivational d) Stressful
16. Which of these is not a principle of great man theory?
a) Leaders are born not made.
b) Great men rise up in times of crisis.
c) We can learn from the biographies of great leaders.
d) A great leader is only great in certain situations.
17. In leadership trait theory what is a trait?
a) A list of the things that make leaders different to everyone else.
b) A list of the key things that a leader should do to be great.
c) The list of key behaviours a leader exhibits.
d) A list of key characteristics that makes a leader great.
18. Contingency theory is based on the assumption that the ideal leader:
a) Shapes their leadership style depending on the situation
b) Provides clear instructions to the followers so that they know what they are doing.
c) Knows what their strengths are and makes the most out of them.
d) Spends time with their followers and therefore listens and responds to their needs.
19. A transactional leader is one who
a) Inspires people and has strong interactions with them
b) Does deals with people in order to get them to do things the leader wants
c) Is the ideal form of leadership
d) Works for long-term goals of the organization
20. What is a transformational leader?
a) Someone who is involved in organizational change
b) A leader, like Taylor, who provided new ways of carrying out management
c) A leader who inspires the workers to new levels by offering them a vision of a better
future.
d) A leader who tries to transform their staff by giving them rewards for what they do.
21. What is the social construction of leadership?
a) The view that all leadership is social and what matters is how leaders interact with others.
b) Leadership is a made up idea that therefore we should pay more attention to more significant aspects
of the organization.
c) What counts as good leadership is a construction of the perceptions of the followers.

3. d) Leadership is something that the leader constructs as they meet with others
22. Which of the following statements concerning the rational and emotional aspects of leadership is
false?
a) Leaders can use rational techniques and/or emotional appeals in order to influence followers
b) Leadership includes actions and influences based only on reason and logic
c) Aroused feelings can be used either positively or negatively
d) Good leadership involves touching others' feelings
23. This is a conventional distinction made between managers and leaders.
a) Managers maintain while leaders develop
b) Managers innovate while leaders administer
c) Managers inspire while leaders control
d) Managers originate while leaders imitate
24. Which of the following statements about leaders versus managers is false?
a) Leadership is a value-laden, activity, management is not
b) Leaders focus on risk taking; managers perform functions such as planning and controlling
c) Leaders are thought to do things right, managers do the right things
d) Leaders develop, managers
25. According to the text, which of the following statements is true?
a) Leadership and management have some unique functions with an area of overlap
b) A good leader can be a good manager, but the reverse is never true
c) Leadership and management are not related
d) Leadership and management are effectively the same for all practical purposes
26. What best describes the leader-follower relationship?
a) The relationship is a one-way street
b) Leadership and followership are the same thing
c) Leadership and followership merge and are linked concepts
d) It is based on the idea of 'one-man leadership'
27. Ideal leaders according to a survey were commonly characterized as all of the following
except
a) Honest b) Competent
c) Forward-looking d) Cooperative
28. People who become leaders in any field tend to first stand out by virtue of their
a) Interpersonal skills
b) Technical proficiency
c) Emotional intelligence
d) Intercultural competence
29. In an organization, one can gain valuable perspectives and insights through close association with an
experienced person willing to take one under his/her wing. Such an individual is often called a
a) Supervisor b) Facilitator c) Role model d) Mentor
30. The process by which an older and more experienced person helps to socialize and encourage
younger organizational colleagues is called
a) Evaluating b) Consulting c) Mentoring d) Networking
31. Which role focuses on bringing about order and consistency by drawing up formal plans?
a) Leadership b) management
c) Task structure d) initiating structure
32. Which statement regarding leadership is true?
a) All leaders are managers.
b) Formal rights enable managers to lead effectively.

4. c) All managers are leaders.
d) All leaders are hierarchically superior to followers.
33. What are three situational criteria identified in the Fiedler model?
a) job requirements, position power, and leadership ability
b) charisma, influence, and leader-member relations
c) leader-member relations, task structure, and position power
d) task structure, leadership ability, and group conflict
34. The reconceptualization of the contingency model by Garcia and Fiedler is called theory
a) Situational b) cognitive resource
c) Evaluative d) leadership recognition
35. Which path-goal leadership style leads to greater satisfaction when tasks are ambiguous or
stressful?
a) directive b) supportive c) participative d) mixed
36. According the Path-Goal Theory, what leader is friendly and shows concern for the needs of
followers?
a) The achievement-oriented leader b) the directive leader
c) The laissez-faire leader d) the supportive leader
37. Power is
a) a means for leaders to achieve goals
b) defined by leaders' hopes and aspirations
c) a goal in and of itself
d) not an influence on leaders' goals
38. Leaders achieve goals, and power is
a) Defined by leaders' hopes and aspirations b) usually used by poor leaders
c) A means of achieving goals d) a strong influence on leaders' goals
39. _____________ is change that is the result of specific and conscious actions by leaders or
followers to change the organization.
a) Unplanned b) Convergent
c) Evolutionary d) Revolutionary
40. Leaders in high power distance cultures would be most characterized by:
a) Expecting feedback from employees.
b) Relying on formal structures to accomplish tasks.
c) Seeking notoriety for the organization.
d) Focusing on team efforts.
41. The trait approach to leadership suggests that:
a) Leaders have special innate qualities.
b) Leadership traits are clearly visible.
c) Traits are based on social class.
d) Traits cannot be measured.
42. Followers will only follow a charismatic leader if:
a) They believe change is needed.
b) They are motivated.
c) They have clear rewards waiting for them.
d) They are confident.
43. In addition to basic managerial functions of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and
controlling, leaders are ascribed:
a) Procedural and external roles.
b) Procedural and internal roles.
c) Strategic and internal roles.
d) Strategic and external roles.

5. 44. Tools used by a person to properly manage time.
a) Todolist
b) Effective file management
c) Action programs
d) All of the above
45. Which of the following is not a means of interpersonal time management
a) MS word b) Google search engine
c) MS excel d) MS spreadsheet/ notepad
46. Time management has been considered to be a subset?
(a) Project Management (b) attention management
(c) Action management (d) All of the above
47. Another name activity log is:
(a) Mass communication (b) face to face communication
(c) Activity Diary or a Job Activity Log (d) virtual reality log
48. The meta activity with a goal to maximize overall benefit is known as
(a) It is important to understand the joint actions people perform when they are together,
(b) It is important to understand how people label and evaluate at different times.
(c) It is important to understand the opposing forces that pull communicators in different directions.
(d) None of the above
49. Time management is not aided by a range of
a) Skills b) Tools c) techniques d) Meditation
50. Negative time management includes
a) Depression b) Suicide c) A and b both d) Be organized
51. Time Stress can't be managed by
a) To do lists
b) Action programs
c) Setting priorities
d) Thinking about an action
52. Negative stress is usually the outcome of
a) a poor attitude towards a stressor (being reactive)
b) poor time management practices
c) and failing to prioritise one's activities
d) All of the following
53. Symptoms, of distress exclude
a) Headaches
b) Time management
c) Fatigue
d) Gastrointestinal problems
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

6. Model Question Paper-1(Option in the bold is answer)
1. Skills used by a person to properly interact with others include.
a) Communication b) Listening
c) Attitude d) All of the above
2. Which of the following is not a means of interpersonal skill
a) Communication b) Cultural differences
c) Motivation d) Leadership
3. In order to understand verbal and nonverbal communication which of the following things
should we do?
(a) Accept cultural differences (b) Studying your own culture
(c) Learn about other cultures (d) All of the above
4. They maintain friendly, pleasant relations with you, regardless, whether you agree with them or
not. Good communicators command your respond and goodwill. You are willing to work with
them again, despite their differences.
Match the above statement with one of the followings:
(a) Precision (b) Credibility (c) Control (d) Congeniality
5. Another name for interpersonal communication is:
(a) Mass communication (b) face to face public communication
(c) Dyadic communication (d) virtual reality
6. When your text says that interpersonal communication can be thought of as a constellation of
behaviours, it means that
(a) It is important to understand the joint actions people perform when they are together,
(b) It is important to understand how people label and evaluate relationships.
(c) It is important to understand the opposing forces that pull communicators in different
directions.
(d) None of the above; interpersonal communication is not a constellation of behaviours.
7. Which among the following is not a stress buster
a) Social gathering b) Meditation
c) Workaholic d) Deep breathing
8. Types of stress include
a) 'OM' mantra b) Daily chores
c) Internal factors d) Psychological stress
9. Negative stress includes
a) Depression b) Suicide c) A and b both d) Be present
10. Stress can't be managed by
a) To do lists b) Action programs
c) Setting priorities d) Thinking about an action
11. Positive type of stress excludes
a) Depression b) Increased Creativity
c) Higher Productivity d) Improved Self-Esteem
12. Negative stress is usually the outcome of
a) a poor attitude towards a stressor (being reactive)
b) poor time management practices
c) and failing to prioritise one's activities
d) All of the following
13. Symptoms, of distress exclude
a) Headaches b) Time management
c) Fatigue d) gastrointestinal problems

7. 14. Workplace interpersonal skills does include
a) Listening skills b) Negotiation and Problem-solving
c) A and B d) Only A
15. Non-verbal communication includes
a) Negotiation and Problem-solving b) Decision-making
c) Signs and gestures d) A and B
16. Which of the following statements concerning the rational and emotional aspects of leadership is
false?
A. Leaders can use rational techniques and/or emotional appeals in order to influence followers
B. Leadership includes actions and influences based only on reason and logic
C. Aroused feelings can be used either positively or negatively
D. Good leadership involves touching others' feelings.
17. To many, the word management suggests
A. Dynamism B. Risk-taking C. Efficiency D. Creativity
18. According to the text, leadership is often more associated with
A. Consistency B. Planning
C. Paperwork D. Change
19. This is a conventional distinction made between managers and leaders.
A. Managers maintain while leaders develop
B. Managers innovate while leaders administer
C. Managers inspire while leaders control
D. Managers originate while leaders imitate
20. Which of the following statements about leaders versus managers is false?
A. Leadership is a value-laden, activity, management is not
B. Leaders focus on risk taking; managers perform functions such as planning and controlling
C. Leaders are thought to do things right, managers do the right things
D. Leaders develop, managers
21. Theory y assumes which of the following
a) People are poorly motivated
b) People achieve little satisfaction from work
c) People are committed to organizational activities
d) People seek to avoid work
22. Theory X assumes which of the following
a) People regard work as normal activity
b) People achieve little satisfaction from work
c) People seek out responsibility
d) People are self-motivated
23. A democratic leadership style has which of the following characteristics
a) Split power b) Dictatorial leader
c) Genuine d) Answer A & B
24. Participative leadership has which of the following characteristics
a) Believe success arises from leaders and staff working together
b) Seeks to involve staff in the decision making process
c) Takes the view that rewards and punishment motivate staff
d) Seeks to pick up the mood of the audience
25. Work and personal life influence each other by:
a) The quality of your relationships with people in work and personal life influence each other.
b) The satisfaction you achieve on the job contributes to your general life satisfaction.
c) An unsatisfied job can lead to increased stress.
d) All of the above.

8. 26. All of the following are sources for information that contribute to self-
understanding except:
a) Feedback from coworkers. b) Feedback from superiors.
c) Informal feedback from people. d) Self-evaluation traps.
27. The major focus on self-awareness has been to emphasize the positive aspects that this can have. Self-
awareness also has two negative extremes or traps. One of these traps is:
a) Focusing on oneself can lead to increased self-esteem.
b) Focusing on the self can highlight shortcomings.
c) Focusing on oneself can lead to greater accuracy in evaluating oneself.
d) Focusing on the self can highlight ones strengths.
28. In general terms, self-esteem refers to a positive overall evaluation of oneself. People with high self-
esteem are likely to engage in all of the following behaviors except:
a) Express a general positive attitude to life and others that they come in contact with.
b) Likely to get involved with social activities in the organization.
c) Frequently express doubt about their ability to perform on difficult tasks.
d) Volunteer to work on difficult projects.
29. Transformational leadership has which of the following characteristics
a) Seeks to involve staff in the decision making process.
b) Takes the view that rewards and punishment motivate staff
c) Believe success arises from leaders and staff working together
d) Employs a clear chain of command.
30. Leadership is the ability to
a) influence others
b) motivate others
c) enable others to contribute towards the effectiveness and success of the organization
d) all of the above
31. A role medal must possess the character of-
a) Leadership b) non communicative
c) Frightening d) self-oriented
32. Areas people use to interact and communicate with individuals or in organizational environment are.
a) Verbal communication b) Non-verbal communication
c) Listening skills d) All of the above
33. Interpersonal communication does not include
a) Listening skill b) Communication
c) Stress d) Negotiation
34. EI includes
a) The ability to quickly reduce stress.
b) The ability to recognize and manage your emotions.
c) The ability to connect with others using nonverbal communication.
d) All of the above
35. What does SMART stand for
a) Substantial, measurable, attribution, result oriented, time consuming
b) Specific, measurable, attainable, result oriented, time bound
c) Selective, motivational, achievable, result oriented, time consuming
d) Substantial, measurable attainable, result oriented, time bound
36. Feedback serves the following
a) Instructional b) Outgoing c) Self-esteem d) Coercion
37. The clearly stated goal looks at
a) What you want b) When you want to get it
c) How will you get it d) All the above

9. 38. I want to raise my grade to "A". The goal is-
a) Specific b) Unimaginative
c) Impossible to reach d) Not very inspiring
39. What does the WIN strategy stand for-
a) Willie interferes nicely b) What's interesting now
c) Where is Nigel d) what’s important now
40. When a student encounters problems while trying to reach a goal and then claims that she is
a failure is an example of-
a) Realistic thinking b) The best way to reach a goal
c) Distortion of thinking d) Adjustment of thinking process
41. Clearly stated goals are the best if they are-
a) Specific b) Realistic c) Written d) All of these
42. The overall goal of action in any achievement setting is assumed to be the desire to:
a) avoid developing competence and incompetence
b) develop and demonstrate competence, and to avoid demonstrating incompetence
c) demonstrate competence and incompetence
d) develop competence and demonstrate incompetence
43. With task- and ego-goal orientations, people can be:
a) high in both goals, low in both goals, or high in one and low in the other
b) high or low in both goals
c) only high in task orientation
d) only high in ego orientation
44. Individuals who focus on task mastery or improvement (a high task-goal orientation) are
more likely to:
(a) persist in the face of failure, exert greater effort, set impossible goals and remain interested in
the task
(b)persist in the face of failure, exert greater effort, set challenging goals and remain
interested in the task
(c) persist in the face of failure, exert less effort, set impossible goals and remain interested in the task
(d) persist in the face of failure, exert less effort, set challenging goals and lose interest in the task
45. What are the types of ideal's are there in human life-
a) Short, medium and long b) short and medium
c) Long and short d) medium and long
46. A role model must-a)
instruct and inspire c)
dishonest
47. Innovation means-a)
dreaming of new things
c) having the capacity of convincing
b) demotivate
d) non trustworthy
b) making dreams come
true d) related to experience
48. Ethics are-
a) Guiding principles b) universal principles
c) Moral code of conduct d) set of basic beliefs
49. The blue hat of creativity focuses on-
a) Facts and information b) creativity
c) Managing thinking process d) possibilities
50. The green hat of creativity focuses on-
a) Facts and information b) creativity
c) Managing thinking process d) possibilities

10. 51. The white hat of creativity focuses on-
a) Facts and information b) creativity
c) Managing thinking process d) neutral and objective
52. The capacity to learn and adapt to the requirements for survival in one's culture is called:
(a) Intelligence (b) Memory (c) Emotion (d) Learning
53. _______ are the outcome of ______ and ____, which are always definite.
a) Values, realization, understanding
b) Beliefs, emotions, thoughts
c) Intelligence, values, emotions
d) Thoughts, ideas, beliefs
54. _______ is the participation at different levels at larger order-
a) Values b) beliefs c) intelligence d) emotions
55. I will attain an A grade by the end of the semester is _____ range of goal-
a) Long and short b) Short and long
c) Long and long d) Short and short
56. According to James and Mead, one's ______ is the aspect of self that is actively perceiving,
thinking, and behaving while one's _____is the object of one's own awareness
a) objective self-awareness; subjective self-awareness
b) I;me
c) self-concept; self-regulation
d) self-regulation; self-concept
57. Studies of self-awareness have found that ______
a) self-awareness is not necessary for one to have a self-concept
b) self-awareness is not necessary for one to have a self-concept
c) humans are the only animals who are self-aware
d) it may rely on the presence of spindle neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex
58. People are more likely to act in line with personal beliefs than to conform to social
pressures when they are _____
a) Privately self-aware b) low in self-esteem
c) Publicly self-aware d) not self-regulating
59. Being habitually _______can contribute to depression and chronic unhappiness.
a) Privately self-conscious b) low in self-regulation
c) Unlikely to engage in TOTE d) motivated to be interdependent with others
60. According to Carver and Scheier's (1981, 1998) control theory of self-regulation, self-awareness
allows us to assess how we are doing in meeting our goals and ideas via a(n)
a) comparison of private and public self-consciousness
b) assessment of one's self-esteem
c) Reliance on public self-consciousness rather than negative self-consciousness.
d) cognitive feedback loop
61. A way of conceiving the self in terms of unique, personal attributes and as a being that
is separate and autonomous from the group is called the_______ self and is found more
in _______societies.
a) Interdependent; individualistic b) independent; collectivistic
c) Interdependent; collectivistic d) independent; individualistic
62. The _________ perspective suggests that people are motivated to maintain consistent
Beliefs about themselves, even when these beliefs are negative.
a) Self-verification b) self-esteem
c) Self-enhancement d) self-monitoring
63. There are______ types of goal setting process.
a) Two b) Three c) Four d) Five

11. 64. Your body image, or your perception of your body, also contributes to your self-concept.
Having a ________ body image is related to feeling confident in jobs where customer
contact is required.
a) Negative b) Positive c) Neutral d) Unfavorable
65. People who are confident in themselves are in leadership and sales
positions.
a) Less effective b) more dissatisfied
c) More effective d) emotionally insecure
66. An organized imagination around a certain theme or extent or problem is known as:
(a) Fantasy (b) Dream (c) Image (d) Creative Thinking
67. If we sit down and start visualizing about heaven, the pleasures there in, this would be:
(a) Fantasy (b) Dream (c) Day-dreaming (d) Imagination
68. "Problem Solving" and "Creative Thinking" are two main forms of:
(a) Autistic Thinking (b) Directed Thinking
(c) Image (d) Realistic Thinking
69. The capacity to learn and adapt to the requirements for survival in one's culture is called:
(a) Intelligence (b) Memory (c) Emotion (d) Learning
70. Stress reducing techniques are
(a) meditate, breathe deeply, reach out, be patient & tune in to self
(b) better understanding, allow to do mistakes, live a healthy life, accept changes & avoid fake
(c) headaches, listening skills, decision making, positive attitude & problem solving
(d) being in control, listening, attitude, be present & social gathering
Model Question Paper-2(Option in the bold is answer)
1. Skills used by a person to properly interact with others include.
a) Communication b) Listening
c) Attitude d) All of the above
2. Which of the following is not a means of interpersonal skill
a) Communication b) Cultural differences
c) Motivation d) Leadership
3. In order to understand verbal and nonverbal communication which of the following things
should we do?
(a) Accept cultural differences (h) Studying your own culture
(c) Learn about other cultures (d) All of the above
4. They maintain friendly, pleasant relations with you, regardless, whether you agree with them or
not. Good communicators command your respond and goodwill. You are willing to work with
them again, despite their differences.
Match the above statement with one of the followings:
(a) Precision (b) Credibility (c) Control (d) Congeniality
5. Another name for interpersonal communication is:
(a) mass communication
(b) face to face public communication
(c) dyadic communication
(d) virtual reality

12. 6. When your text says that interpersonal communication can be thought of as a constellation of
behaviors, it means that
(a) It is important to understand the joint actions people perform when they are together,
(b) It is important to understand how people label and evaluate relationships.
(c) It is important to understand the opposing forces that pull communicators in different
directions.
(d) None of the above; interpersonal communication is not a constellation of behaviors.
7. Which among the following is not a stress buster
a) Social gathering b) Meditation c) Workaholic d) Deep breathing
8. Types of stress include
a) 'OM' mantra b) Daily chores c) Internal factors d) Psychological stress
9. Negative stress includes
a) Depression b) Suicide c) A and b both d) Be present
10. Stress can't be managed by
a) To do lists b) Action programs
c) Setting priorities d) Thinking about an action
11. Positive type of stress excludes
a) Depression b) Increased Creativity
c) Higher Productivity d) Improved Self-Esteem
12. Negative stress is usually the outcome of
a) a poor attitude towards a stressor (being reactive)
b) poor time management practices
c) and failing to prioritise one's activities
d) All of the following
13. Symptoms, of distress exclude
a) Headaches b) Time management
c) Fatigue d) gastrointestinal problems
14. Workplace interpersonal skills does include
a) Listening skills b) Negotiation and Problem-solving
c) A and B d) Only A
15. Non-verbal communication includes
a) Negotiation and Problem-solving b) Decision-making
c) Signs and gestures d) A and B
16. The code or the form that a message takes is referred to.
a) Language b) channel
c) Medium (d) none of these
17. The sender is also referred to as the
a) Active listener b) encoder
c) Decoder d) receiver
18. The receiver is also referred to as the
a) Active listener b) encoder
c) Decoder d) transmitter
19. Feedback could be regarded as the
a) Interpreted message b) second message
c) Response d) input
20. Analysing and judging the speaker's speech is called
a) Attentive listening b) appreciative listening
c) Critical listening d) none of these

13. 21. Not getting excited about the speaker's point before understanding it is called
a) Attentive listening b) appreciative listening
c) Critical listening d) none of these
22. Trying to establish the speaker's main purpose or goal speech is called
a) Attentive listening b) appreciative listening
c) Critical listening d) none of these
23. Skills used by a person to properly interact with others include.
a) Communication b) Listening
c) Attitude d) All of the above
24. Which of the following is not a means of interpersonal skill
a) Communication b) Cultural differences
c) Motivation d) Leadership
25. In order to understand verbal and nonverbal communication which of the following things
should we do?
(a) Accept cultural differences (b) Studying your own culture
(c) Learn about other cultures (d) All of the above
26. They maintain friendly, pleasant relations with you, regardless, whether you agree with them or
not. Good communicators command your respond and goodwill. You are willing to work with
them again, despite their differences.
Match the above statement with one of the followings:
(a) Precision (b) Credibility (c) Control (d) Congeniality
27. Another name for interpersonal communication is:
(a) Mass communication (b) face to face public communication
(c) Dyadic communication (d) virtual reality
28. When your text says that interpersonal communication can be thought of as a constellation of
behaviors, it means that
(a) It is important to understand the joint actions people perform when they are together,
(b) It is important to understand how people label and evaluate relationships.
(c) It is important to understand the opposing forces that pull communicators in different directions.
(d) None of the above; interpersonal communication is not a constellation of behaviors.
29. Which among the following is not a stress buster
a) Social gathering b) Meditation c) Workaholic
30. Types of stress include
a) 'OM' mantra b) Daily chores c) Internal factors
31. Negative stress includes
a) Depression b) Suicide c) A and b both
32. Stress can't be managed by
a) To do lists b) Action programs
c) Setting priorities d) Thinking about an action
33. Positive type of stress excludes
a) Depression b) Increased Creativity
c) Higher Productivity d) Improved Self-Esteem
34. Negative stress is usually the outcome of
a) a poor attitude towards a stressor (being reactive)
b) poor time management practices
c) and failing to prioritise one's activities
d) All of the following

14. 35. Symptoms, of distress exclude
a) Headaches b) Time management
c) Fatigue d) gastrointestinal problems
36. Workplace interpersonal skills does include
a) Listening skills b) Negotiation and Problem-solving
c) A and B d) Only A
37. Non-verbal communication includes
a) Negotiation and Problem-solving b) Decision-making
c) Signs and gestures d) A and B
38. The clearly stated goal looks at
a) What you want b) When you want to get it
c) How will you get it d) All the above
39. I want to raise my grade to "A". The goal is-
a) Specific b) Unimaginative
c) Impossible to reach d) Not very inspiring
40. What does the WIN strategy stand for-?
a) Willie interferes nicely b) What's interesting now
c) Where is Nigel d) What's important now
41. When a student encounters problems while trying to reach a goal and then claims that she is a failure
is an example of-
a) Realistic thinking b) The best way to reach a goal
c) Distortion of thinking d) Adjustment of thinking process
42. Clearly stated goals are the best if they are-
a) Specific b) Realistic c) Written d) All of these
43. The overall goal of action in any achievement setting is assumed to be the desire to:
a) avoid developing competence and incompetence
b) develop and demonstrate competence, and to avoid demonstrating incompetence
c) demonstrate competence and incompetence
d) develop competence and demonstrate incompetence
44. With task- and ego-goal orientations, people can be:
a) high in both goals, low in both goals, or high in one and low in the other
b) high or low in both goals
c) only high in task orientation
d) only high in ego orientation
45. According to James and Mead, one's ________is the aspect of self that is actively perceiving,
thinking, and behaving while one's_______ is the object of one's own awareness
a) objective self-awareness; subjective self-awareness
b) I; me
c) self-concept; self-regulation
d) self-regulation; self-concept
46. Studies of self-awareness have found that _______
a) self-awareness is not necessary for one to have a self-concept
b) self-awareness is not necessary for one to have a self-concept
c) humans are the only animals who are self-aware
d) it may rely on the presence of spindle neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex
47. People are more likely to act in line with personal beliefs than to conform to social
pressures when they are ______
a) Privately self-aware b) low in self-esteem
c) Publicly self-aware d) not self-regulating

15. 48. Being habitually ______ can contribute to depression and chronic unhappiness.
a) privately self-conscious
b) low in self-regulation
c) unlikely to engage in TOTE
d) motivated to be interdependent with others
49. According to Carver and Scheier's (1981, 1998) control theory of self-regulation, self-awareness
allows us to assess how we are doing in meeting our goals and ideas via a(n)
a) comparison of private and public self-consciousness
b) assessment of one's self-esteem
c) Reliance on public self-consciousness rather than negative self-consciousness.
d) cognitive feedback loop
50. A way of conceiving the self in terms of unique, personal attributes and as a being that
is separate and autonomous from the group is called the _______ self and is found more
in ______ societies.
a) Interdependent; individualistic b) independent; collectivistic
c) Interdependent; collectivistic d) independent; individualistic
51. The_____________ perspective suggests that people are motivated to maintain consistent
beliefs about themselves, even when these beliefs are negative.
a) Self-verification b) self-esteem
c) Self-enhancement d) self-monitoring
52. There are _____ types of goal setting process.
a) Two b) Three c) Four d) Five
53. Your body image, or your perception of your body, also contributes to your self-concept.
Having a ___________ body image is related to feeling confident in jobs where customer
contact is required.
a) Negative b) Positive c) Neutral d) Unfavorable
54. People who are confident in themselves are in leadership and sales
positions.
a) Less effective b) more dissatisfied
c) More effective d) emotionally insecure
55. An organized imagination around a certain theme or extent or problem is known as:
(a) Fantasy (b) Dream (c) Image (d) Creative Thinking
56. If we sit down and start visualising about heaven, the pleasures there in, this would be:
(a) Fantasy (b) Dream (c) Day-dreaming (d) Imagination
57. "Problem Solving" and "Creative Thinking" are two main forms of:
(a) Autistic Thinking (b) Directed Thinking
(c) Image (d) Realistic Thinking
58. The capacity to learn and adapt to the requirements for survival in one's culture is called:
(a) Intelligence (b) Memory (c) Emotion (d) Learning
59. I want to raise my grade to 'A". The goal is-
a) Specific b) Unimaginative
c) Impossible to reach d) Not very inspiring
60. What does the WIN strategy stand for-?
a) Willie interferes nicely b) What's interesting now
c) Where is Nigel d) what’s important now
61. Which of the following statements concerning the rational and emotional aspects of leadership is
false?
A.Leaders can use rational techniques and/or emotional appeals in order to influence followers
B.Leadership includes actions and influences based only on reason and logic
C.Aroused feelings can be used either positively or negatively
D.Good leadership involves touching others' feelings

16. 62. This is a conventional distinction made between managers and leaders.
A.Managers maintain while leaders develop
B.Managers innovate while leaders administer
C.Managers inspire while leaders control
D.Managers originate while leaders imitate
63. Which of the following statements about leaders versus managers is false?
A.Leadership is a value-laden, activity, management is not
B.Leaders focus on risk taking; managers perform functions such as planning and controlling
C.Leaders are thought to do things right, managers do the right things
D.Leaders develop, managers
64. Theory assumes which of the following
a) People are poorly motivated
b) People achieve little satisfaction from work
c) People are committed to organizational activities
d) People seek to avoid work
65. Theory X assumes which of the following
a) People regard work as normal activity
b) People achieve little satisfaction from work
c) People seek out responsibility
d) People are self-motivated
66. A democratic leadership style has which of the following characteristics
a) Split power b) Dictatorial leader c) Genuine d) Answer A & B
67. Participative leadership has which of the following characteristics
a) Believe success arises from leaders and staff working together
b) Seeks to involve staff in the decision making process
c) Takes the view that rewards and punishment motivate staff
d) Seeks to pick up the mood of the audience
68. Work and personal life influence each other by:
a) The quality of your relationships with people in work and personal life influence each other.
b) The satisfaction you achieve on the job contributes to your general life satisfaction.
c) An unsatisfied job can lead to increased stress.
d) All of the above.
69. All of the following are sources for information that contribute to self-
understanding except:
a) Feedback from coworkers.
b) Feedback from superiors.
c) Informal feedback from people.
d) Self-evaluation traps.
70. The major focus on self-awareness has been to emphasize the positive aspects that this can have. Self-
awareness also has two negative extremes or traps. One of these traps is:
a) Focusing on oneself can lead to increased self-esteem.
b) Focusing on the self can highlight shortcomings.
c) Focusing on oneself can lead to greater accuracy in evaluating oneself.
d) Focusing on the self can highlight ones strengths.
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