The document appears to be a study guide for a final exam in an organizational behavior course, featuring a series of multiple-choice questions covering key concepts and theories related to management and organizational dynamics. Topics include definitions of organizations, managerial skills, behaviors, personality traits, group development, and change management. It also discusses leadership styles and the importance of power within organizations.

1. LDR/531 Final Exam Guide
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1) Which of the following is best defined as a consciously coordinated social unit, composed
of two or more people, which functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common
goal or set of goals?
A. Party
B. Unit
C. Community
D. Organization
2) Over the past 2 decades, business schools have added required courses on organizational
design to many of their curricula. Why have they done this?
A. Managers no longer need technical skills in subjects such as economics and accounting to
succeed.
B. Managers need to understand human behavior if they are to be effective.
C. These skills enable managers to effectively lead human resources departments.
D. A manager with good interpersonal skills can help create a pleasant workplace.
3) Robert Katz identified three essential skills that managers must have to reach their goals.
What are these skills?
A. Technical, decisional, and interpersonal
B. Technical, human, and conceptual
C. Interpersonal, informational, and decisional
D. Human, informational, and communication

2. 4) __________ is a field of study that investigates the effect that individuals, groups, and
structures have on behavior within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge
toward improving an organization’s effectiveness.
A. Corporate tactics
B. Human resources management
C. Organizational behavior
D. Corporate strategy
5) What do the fundamental consistencies underlying the behavior of all individuals enable
researchers to do?
A. Observe human behavior.
B. Research human behavior.
C. Predict human behavior.
D. Detect human behavior.
6) Which of the following is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people
experience?
A. Affect
B. Emotions
C. Moods
D. Emotional labor
7) What term is used for intense feelings that are directed at someone or something?
A. Affect
B. Cognition
C. Thoughts
D. Emotions

3. 8) If personality characteristics were completely dictated by __________, they would be
fixed at birth and no amount of experience could alter them.
A. job satisfaction
B. heredity
C. environment
D. situational factors
9) Which of the following are classifications on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?
A. Extroverted, intuitive, judging, independent
B. Extroverted, sensing, judging, thinking
C. Extroverted, judging, independent, feeling
D. Sensing, perceiving, dependent, feeling
10) Maria is dissatisfied with the way that her manager treats her. She has quit her job and
found a new position with another firm. How has she expressed her dissatisfaction?
A. Exit
B. Voice
C. Neglect
D. Loyalty
11) You quietly continue to do your work when you know things will not improve. This is
what type of response to dissatisfaction?
A. Exit
B. Voice
C. Loyalty
D. Neglect
12) A group

4. A. generates positive synergy through coordinated effort
B. generates greater outputs with no increase in inputs
C. is two or more individuals interacting and interdependent
D. engages in collective work that requires joint effort
13) __________ results in a level of performance that is greater than the sum of the
individual input.
A. Synergy
B. Enthusiasm
C. Energy
D. Initiative
14) What happens in the second stage of Tuckman's five stage model of group development?
A. Close relationships are developed.
B. The group demonstrates cohesiveness.
C. Intragroup conflict often occurs.
D. Groups disband.
15) Zach is devout and very active in his church. He is also a very dedicated employee. His
manager offers him a promotion, but the new role will require him to work Sundays. Zach
would like the promotion, but realizes that it would force him to miss some church activities.
It is likely that Zach is experiencing which of the following:
A. Role conflict
B. Role expectation
C. Role perception
D. Role identity
16) Which role focuses on bringing about order and consistency by drawing up formal plans?

5. A. Leadership
B. Management
C. Task structure
D. Initiating structure
17) Which statement regarding leadership is true?
A. Formal rights enable managers to lead effectively.
B. All managers are leaders.
C. All leaders are hierarchically superior to followers.
D. Nonsanctioned leadership is as important as or more important than formal influence.
18) What are three situational criteria identified in the Fiedler model?
A. Charisma, influence, and leader-member relations
B. Leader-member relations, task structure, and position power
C. Task structure, leadership ability, and group conflict
D. Emotional intelligence, group orientation, and employee status
19) The reconceptualization of the contingency model by Garcia and Fiedler is called
__________ theory.
A. situational
B. cognitive resource
C. evaluative
D. cognitive dissonance
20) Which path-goal leadership style leads to greater satisfaction when tasks are ambiguous
or stressful?
A. Directive
B. Supportive

6. C. Participative
D. Reactive
21) According the Path-Goal Theory, what leader is friendly and shows concern for the needs
of followers?
A. Achievement-oriented leader
B. Laissez-faire leader
C. Participative leader
D. Supportive leader
22) Phrases such as “more cultural diversity,” “many new entrants with inadequate skills,”
and “increase in aging workers” are all examples of what force for change?
A. Technology
B. World politics
C. Nature of the work force
D. Competition
23) What is a goal of planned change?
A. To change the forces of change
B. To alter the agents of change
C. To change employees’ responsibilities
D. To improve the ability to adapt to the environment
24) Using covert influence to overcome resistance to change is called what?
A. negotiation
B. education
C. coercion
D. manipulation

7. 25) If individuals resisting change are included in making change decisions in an attempt to
gain their support, what is this approach is called?
A. cooptation
B. exploitation
C. manipulation
D. education
26) Which of the following is a characteristic of organizational control?
A. Formality orientation
B. Decision orientation
C. Team orientation
D. Managerial orientation
27) What term describes the key characteristic of organizational control that addresses the
degree to which employees are expected to exhibit precision?
A. accountability
B. attention to detail
C. stability
D. reactivity
28) Power is
A. a means for leaders to achieve goals
B. defined by leaders' hopes and aspirations
C. a goal in and of itself
D. not an influence on leaders' goals
29) Leaders achieve goals, and power is

8. A. defined by leaders’ hopes and aspirations
B. a means of achieving goals
C. a goal in and of itself
D. a strong influence on leaders’ goal
30) The most important aspect of power is probably that it _____.
A. is needed to get things done in an organization
B. is a function of dependency
C. tends to corrupt people
D. is counterproductive