The document defines leadership as the ability to influence and guide a group towards shared goals, highlighting its interpersonal nature and importance in shaping group behavior. It discusses various leadership styles including autocratic, democratic, and contingency theories, suggesting that effective leadership is situational and depends on context. Additionally, it explores theories such as trait theory, behavioral theories, and leader-member exchange theory, emphasizing the characteristics and behaviors that differentiate leaders from non-leaders.

1. A leader is one who knows the way,
goes the way, and
shows the way.

2. LEADERSHIP
Presented By:- Divvya Gupta

3. What is leadership?
• “Leadership is the ability to persuade others to
seek defined objectives enthusiastically. It is the
human factor which binds a group together and
motivates it towards goals.” Keith Davis
• It is also defined as the capacity to influence a
group towards the realization of a goal.

5. Characteristics of Leadership

6. Characteristics of Leadership
 It is a inter-personal process in which a manager is into
influencing and guiding workers towards attainment of
goals.
 It denotes a few qualities to be present in a person which
includes intelligence, maturity and personality.
 It is a group process. It involves two or more people
interacting with each other.
 A leader is involved in shaping and molding the behavior
of the group towards accomplishment of organizational
goals.
 Leadership is situation bound. There is no best style of
leadership. It all depends upon tackling with the situations.

7. Leadership Styles
 All leaders do not possess same attitude or same
perspective. Thus, all of the leaders do not get the
things done in the same manner. Their style varies.
Some of the important leadership styles are as
follows:
 Autocratic leadership style
 The Laissez Faire Leadership Style
 Democratic/Participative leadership style
 Bureaucratic leadership

8. Leadership Styles
LEADERSHIP
IS
ACTION,
NOT
POSITION.


9. THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP
Just as management knowledge is supported by various theories, the
leadership function of management too is authenticated by various
theories.

10. Trait Theory
 It is the theory that considers personal qualities
and characteristics that differentiate leaders from
non leaders.
 The trait leadership theory believes that people
are either born or are made with certain qualities
that will make them excel in leadership roles.
 That is, certain qualities such as intelligence, sense
of responsibility, creativity and other values puts
anyone in the shoes of a good leader.

11. Behavioral Theories
 Theories proposing that specific behaviors
differentiate leaders from non leaders.
 Behavioral theories assume that leaders can be
made, rather than are born.
 Behavioral theories of leadership do not seek
inborn traits or capabilities. Rather, they look at
what leaders actually do.

12. There are two important Behavioral
studies
1. Ohio State Studies
 The study led to the
conclusion that there
were two groups of
behaviors that were
strongly correlated.
 These were defined as
Consideration (People
Oriented behavioral
Leaders) and Initiating
Structure (Task Oriented
Leaders).
2. University of Michigan
Studies
 Under the general
direction of Rensis Likert,
the focus of the Michigan
studies was to determine
the principles and
methods of leadership
that led to productivity
and job satisfaction.
 Two types of leadership
behaviors were identified:
employee oriented and
production oriented

13. Contingency Theories
 The Contingency Leadership theory argues that
there is no single way of leading and that every
leadership style should be based on certain
situations, which signifies that there are certain
people who perform at the maximum level in
certain places; but at minimal performance when
taken out of their element.

14. Some of the major contingency theories are:
1. Fiedler Model –
Fiedler's contingency theory is one of the contingency
theories that states that effective leadership depends not only
on the style of leading but on the control over a situation.

15. 2. Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Theory
- According to this model, the leader has to match the
leadership
style according to the readiness of subordinates which moves
in stage and has a cycle. Therefore, this theory is also known
as the life-cycle theory of leadership.
 The readiness(R) is divided into four
levels
 For each of the four levels of
readiness, the leadership style used
may be a combination of task and
relationship behavior
 By combining the task and the
relationship behavior, we arrive at the
following four different styles of
leadership which correspond with the
different levels of readiness

16. CAN
YOU
FIND
THE
RIGHT
PATH?

17. 3. Path Goal Theory –
The theory is based on the premise that an employee’s perception of
expectancies between his effort and performance is greatly affected by a
leader’s behavior. The leaders help group members in attaining rewards by
clarifying the paths to goals and removing obstacles to performance. They
do so by providing the information, support, and other resources which are
required by employees to complete the task.

18. Leader – Member Exchange Theory
(LMX)
 According to the theory, leaders form different
kinds of relationships with various groups of
subordinates. One group, referred to as the in-
group, is favored by the leader. Members of in-
group receive considerably more attention from
the leader and have more access to the
organizational resources. By contrast, other
subordinates fall into the out-group. These
individuals are disfavored by the leader. As such,
they receive fewer valued resources from their
leaders.

19. THANK YOU! 