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Leadership – Changing paradigms
Leadership = TM*People*Expectation
vision
• Goals
• Objectives
• Strategies
• Building trust
collaboration
• Building trust
• Effective
communication
• Motivation
Situation
• Time management
• People
management
• Situation
management
Leadership
Time management = Planning
VISION-Goals-objectives-strategies-tactics
People = Connection
followers- varied personalities & individual interestsfollowers- varied personalities & individual interests
common goal & interests - team building –
communication
Expectation – Inspirational - knowledgeable – skilled
Leadership is a process to influence people to achieve
certain goal (Sinha, 1995)
Organizations require leadership
What kind of Leadership?
Game of position, power or leadership skills?
Leadership in product manufacturing organizations and
Academic organizations?
‘Think about the best leader you ever
worked with’
Great Man Approach
• Earliest conceptualization of leadership
• era of 19th and early 20th centuries
• Leaders are born not made
• necessary characteristics are inherited
Heroic Leader
• necessary characteristics are inherited
•great leaders as heroic
“Great Man” was basically used for highlighting male quality, especially in terms
of military leadership (Cherry, K. 2010)
What traits does great man poses?
• Personality, social, physical and intellectual
markers to differentiate leaders and non
leaders
• Personality traits that set leaders apart from
followers - such as height, weight, appearance,
intelligence, knowledge, dominance, and
Trait Approach
intelligence, knowledge, dominance, and
initiative were studied ( M. F. Green, 1994)
• Gordon Allport (1936) one English-language
dictionary alone contained more than 4,000
words describing different personality traits.
If traits are central features of leadership, then how do we explain
people who possess those qualities but are not leaders?
Ralph M. Stogdill (1974)
•A challenger to traditional trait-based leadership style
• reviewed 75 definitions of ‘leadership’ advanced by writers from 1902 to 1969.
• Leadership is a form of social influence, an interpersonal relationship in which
power and influence are unevenly distributed so that one person is able to direct
and control the actions and behaviors of others largely.
Madeleine F. Green (1994) - Not for Wimp or Cowards:
Leadership in the Post-Heroic Age
• The traditional model of the heroic leader is no longer appropriate for complex
higher education institutions.
• The power should be limited to participation in a leadership team.
Behavioral Theories - Kurt Lewin (1938)
Autocratic/
Authoritarian
Democratic Laissez-fair
Leadership style - Comparision
Autocratic/
Authoritarian Democratic Laissez-fair
•Strong control
•Gives order
•Directive in behavior
•Decides alone
•Less control
•Active participation
•Group planning
•Participative decision
•Uninvolved
• Absent in crucial hours
• No control
• Nondirective•Decides alone
•Focus on tasks
•Plan alone
•Foster dependency
•No involvement of team
•Participative decision
making
•Foster independence
•Involvement of team
•Share equal
responsibility
• Nondirective
• No planning
• Foster chaos
Works best with capable & motivated team members (Robins & Sanghi, 2007)
Contingency/Situational Theories
• No leadership style is best in all situations
•Success depends upon a number of variables, including the leadership
style, qualities of the followers, aspects of the situation and relationship
among the these three.
Fiedler's contingency model (1960s)
Does not allow leader to be flexible in his or her leadership style
Transactional Vs Transformational
Leadership
Transactional leader is defined as the influence of a
leader toward his/her subordinates using reward
and punishment as a form of motivational
medium.
TL converts followers into leaders and may convert
leaders into moral agents. In the process of TL,
leaders and followers raise one another to higher
levels of motivation and they transcend their own
self-interest for the sake of the group (Bass, 1985).
Transactional Vs Transformational
Leadership
Transformational Leadership Competencies
Leadership is more about parenting rather leading
Sinha & Rai (2004)
1. Knowledgeable
2. Protective & supportive
3. Skilled & participative
4. Effective boundary management4. Effective boundary management
5. Work appreciation
6. Cooperation & trust
7. Empowering attitude
8. Formal & objective
9. Learning oriented
10. Risk taking
11. Growth oriented
Think about the best leader you ever worked with
Traditional or transactional – transformational leadership (TL)
James MacGregor Burns (1978) - Bass (1985) - Bass and Avolio
(1995) the full range of leadership development (MLQ).
TL converts followers into leaders and may convert leaders into
16
The ParadigmThe Paradigm ShiftShift
TL converts followers into leaders and may convert leaders into
moral agents. In the process of TL, leaders and followers raise one
another to higher levels of motivation and they transcend their own
self-interest for the sake of the group (Bass, 1985).
Style of Competencies
Exploring leadership styles to developing leadership competencies
(Wadekar, 2007) & serve as the roadmap to individual and
organizational leader success.
Principals’ Leadership
Repairing and Reconstructing the Past
Monitoring & Regulating Daily Routine
Principals Principle of life and work
Working towards the organizational goals
To Prove quality educationTo Prove quality education
Value based personality development
Promoting reading habits
Exploring new pedagogical ways
Platform for knowledge sharing and confidence building
Infrastructural development
Future plans – remedial classes, smart classes,
integration of sports, meditation and yoga

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Leadership

  • 2. Leadership = TM*People*Expectation vision • Goals • Objectives • Strategies • Building trust collaboration • Building trust • Effective communication • Motivation Situation • Time management • People management • Situation management
  • 3. Leadership Time management = Planning VISION-Goals-objectives-strategies-tactics People = Connection followers- varied personalities & individual interestsfollowers- varied personalities & individual interests common goal & interests - team building – communication Expectation – Inspirational - knowledgeable – skilled Leadership is a process to influence people to achieve certain goal (Sinha, 1995)
  • 4. Organizations require leadership What kind of Leadership? Game of position, power or leadership skills? Leadership in product manufacturing organizations and Academic organizations? ‘Think about the best leader you ever worked with’
  • 5. Great Man Approach • Earliest conceptualization of leadership • era of 19th and early 20th centuries • Leaders are born not made • necessary characteristics are inherited Heroic Leader • necessary characteristics are inherited •great leaders as heroic “Great Man” was basically used for highlighting male quality, especially in terms of military leadership (Cherry, K. 2010)
  • 6. What traits does great man poses? • Personality, social, physical and intellectual markers to differentiate leaders and non leaders • Personality traits that set leaders apart from followers - such as height, weight, appearance, intelligence, knowledge, dominance, and Trait Approach intelligence, knowledge, dominance, and initiative were studied ( M. F. Green, 1994) • Gordon Allport (1936) one English-language dictionary alone contained more than 4,000 words describing different personality traits. If traits are central features of leadership, then how do we explain people who possess those qualities but are not leaders?
  • 7. Ralph M. Stogdill (1974) •A challenger to traditional trait-based leadership style • reviewed 75 definitions of ‘leadership’ advanced by writers from 1902 to 1969. • Leadership is a form of social influence, an interpersonal relationship in which power and influence are unevenly distributed so that one person is able to direct and control the actions and behaviors of others largely. Madeleine F. Green (1994) - Not for Wimp or Cowards: Leadership in the Post-Heroic Age • The traditional model of the heroic leader is no longer appropriate for complex higher education institutions. • The power should be limited to participation in a leadership team.
  • 8. Behavioral Theories - Kurt Lewin (1938) Autocratic/ Authoritarian Democratic Laissez-fair
  • 9. Leadership style - Comparision Autocratic/ Authoritarian Democratic Laissez-fair •Strong control •Gives order •Directive in behavior •Decides alone •Less control •Active participation •Group planning •Participative decision •Uninvolved • Absent in crucial hours • No control • Nondirective•Decides alone •Focus on tasks •Plan alone •Foster dependency •No involvement of team •Participative decision making •Foster independence •Involvement of team •Share equal responsibility • Nondirective • No planning • Foster chaos Works best with capable & motivated team members (Robins & Sanghi, 2007)
  • 10. Contingency/Situational Theories • No leadership style is best in all situations •Success depends upon a number of variables, including the leadership style, qualities of the followers, aspects of the situation and relationship among the these three.
  • 11. Fiedler's contingency model (1960s) Does not allow leader to be flexible in his or her leadership style
  • 12. Transactional Vs Transformational Leadership Transactional leader is defined as the influence of a leader toward his/her subordinates using reward and punishment as a form of motivational medium. TL converts followers into leaders and may convert leaders into moral agents. In the process of TL, leaders and followers raise one another to higher levels of motivation and they transcend their own self-interest for the sake of the group (Bass, 1985).
  • 14. Transformational Leadership Competencies Leadership is more about parenting rather leading Sinha & Rai (2004) 1. Knowledgeable 2. Protective & supportive 3. Skilled & participative 4. Effective boundary management4. Effective boundary management 5. Work appreciation 6. Cooperation & trust 7. Empowering attitude 8. Formal & objective 9. Learning oriented 10. Risk taking 11. Growth oriented Think about the best leader you ever worked with
  • 15.
  • 16. Traditional or transactional – transformational leadership (TL) James MacGregor Burns (1978) - Bass (1985) - Bass and Avolio (1995) the full range of leadership development (MLQ). TL converts followers into leaders and may convert leaders into 16 The ParadigmThe Paradigm ShiftShift TL converts followers into leaders and may convert leaders into moral agents. In the process of TL, leaders and followers raise one another to higher levels of motivation and they transcend their own self-interest for the sake of the group (Bass, 1985). Style of Competencies Exploring leadership styles to developing leadership competencies (Wadekar, 2007) & serve as the roadmap to individual and organizational leader success.
  • 17. Principals’ Leadership Repairing and Reconstructing the Past Monitoring & Regulating Daily Routine Principals Principle of life and work Working towards the organizational goals To Prove quality educationTo Prove quality education Value based personality development Promoting reading habits Exploring new pedagogical ways Platform for knowledge sharing and confidence building Infrastructural development Future plans – remedial classes, smart classes, integration of sports, meditation and yoga