1) The document discusses egg production in Quetta District, Balochistan, Pakistan. It provides statistics on the number of layer farms and layers in the district, as well as daily egg production and consumption.
2) There are approximately 25-30 layer farms in Quetta District with a total of 275,000-280,000 layers. The daily egg production is 190,000-200,000 eggs. Daily consumption in the district is 500,000-600,000 eggs so additional eggs are received daily from Karachi.
3) The author concludes by providing suggestions to improve productivity, including adopting new technologies, increasing research and education, improving infrastructure, providing subsidies, and enhancing extension services and guidance to farmers
To manage means "to handle or control". Animal management is the care, control and
handling of the animal species under study. In our livestock species, most of the time and energies of the animal manager are spent providing food and shelter and assuring optimal health and reproductive capacity of the animals under the care of the manager. In this course we will study "typical livestock management systems."
While we refer to these as "typical" management systems, the particular management system in any livestock operation will vary depending upon the following:
species of animal
intended use of animal (dairy cow vs. beef cattle)
location - part of the country, climate, resources available, nearness to neighbors, etc.
resources of producer -- land, labor, capital
materials handling required -- what goes in and what comes out of system feed and water are materials handling inputs waste products and products to be marketed are materials handling outputs
government rules and regulations -- waste management, food safety, humane care,
etc.
preference of producer, processor and consumer
A Good Management system must do the following:
provide for basic needs of animal -- food, water, shelter
provide a product that can be sold at a profit for producer
In operating a livestock management system, a great deal of time is devoted to providing food and water, assuring the health of the animals under one's care and assuring animal reproduction in systems where reproduction is important to providing the final product. As a consequence, we will devote the majority of lecture time in this course to these topics.
The Indian economy is growing at the rate of 6 to 8 percent per annum. The livestock industry in India is the second largest contributor to gross domestic product (GDP), after agriculture, and accounts for 9 percent of the total. Consumption is likely to increase as follows: per capita milk from 240 to 450 g per year; per capita eggs from 40 to 100 per year; and per capita broiler meat from 1 000 to 2 000 g per year.
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on May 30, 2019 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Sustainable animal husbandry practices for Kerala_ Dr Prem Jain (The Kerala E...India Water Portal
This presentation by Dr Prem Jain, Deputy Director, Animal Husbandry Department, Kerala provided information on sustainable animal husbandary practices relevant for Kerala
) An Overview of Pakistan Poultry. b) History and Development of Poultry. c) Major Policy Decisions by Govt to develop poultry. d) Phases of Pakistan’s Poultry Industry. e) Poultry Farming System in Pakistan. f) Division of Poultry Industry. g) Overall growth of Pakistan Poultry. h) Relationship between the human population and the poultry industry. i) Present Status of Commercial Poultry (2013-14 statistics). j) Export from Poultry Sector.
Performance and Constraints of the Poultry Production System among FFs Farmer...copppldsecretariat
The ASSP/SDP-L project promotes the development of family poultry development throughout Pemba Island, Tanzania. The Project encourages poultry farmers to adopt a semi-intensive system of production with introduction of improved breeds. Through this Project farmers are trained in improved poultry management using a Farmers’ Field School (FFS) approach. So far, good progress has been reported in adoption of the acquired knowledge. However, while adopting the new technologies and knowledge, farmers experienced various constraints and setbacks.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
Department of Animal Husbandry in cahhattisgarhis dedicated to work for the benefit of animals and farmers.The Department is Responsible for livestock production, preservation, protection and improvement of stocks and dairy development.
Source(S): http://brijmohanagrawal.in/
How to Start Poultry Farming, Feed Manufacturing, HatcheryAjjay Kumar Gupta
Poultry is one of the fastest growing segments of the agricultural sector in India today. The production of agricultural crops has been rising at a rate of 1.5 to 2 % per annum that of eggs and broilers has been rising at a rate of 8 to 10 % per annum. From a backyard hobby it has culminated into an industry. The venture has largely been entrepreneurial and poultry farmers prefer to target their efforts to breeding & broiler farming for sale of ready broilers or layer farming for eggs. Poultry is the second most widely eaten meat in the world, accounting for about 30% of meat production worldwide. Dairy plants process the raw milk they receive from farmers so as to extend its marketable life.
Tags
How to Start Dairy Farming and Manufacture of Milk Products, Book on Dairy and Poultry Industries, Book on Dairy Farming and Processing, feed manufacturing process, Broiler Feeds, Modern Breeds of Broiler Chicken, Breeding and Fertility, Milking Parlours and Cowsheds, Manufacture of Butter and Cheese, Milk Production and per capita availability of Milk in India, Per capita availability of Milk by States, Are you ready for Dairy Farming Business?, Uses of Milk, Buffalo breeds in India, Bulls, Cows and How to Breed Cattle, Business consultancy, Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm to Produce Milk, Dairy Business, dairy farm management, Dairy Farming a lucrative business in India, dairy farming business plan, dairy farming business plan pdf, Dairy Farming in India, Dairy Industry, Dairy Equipment, Milk Processing, Dairy Production, Dairy production and products: Milk composition, Do you think Dairy Farming Profitable?, nurturing, breeding of cows, fully automated international standards dairy plant, fully automatic milking machines, Fully-Automated Dairy Farm in India, Getting Started in Small-Scale Dairy Farming, Green milk, Hand milking process, how to start a cattle breeding business?, How to Start a Cattle Farming Business?, How to start a successful Dairy business, how to start breeding cattle, How to Start Dairy Cow Farming Business?, How to Start Dairy Farm in India?, how to start dairy farming business, India Dairy Farming, India Dairy Products Industry Outlook, Indian cattle breeds, Indian cow breeds pdf, Indian dairy industry statistics, Indian dairy market, market size of dairy industry in India, medium-scale dairy farms, milk dairy farm business plan, Milking Procedures, modern dairy farm, Profitability and Efficiency of Dairy Farm, profitable small and cottage scale industries, Rotary Parlors milking, Running a Small Scale Dairy, Setting up and opening your Dairy Business, Setting up of Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farming plant, small dairy farm business plan, Small scale Commercial Milk Dairy, Small-Scale Dairy: The Complete Guide to Milk Production, Start your own dairy business, The composition of Cow's Milk, what is a dairy farm, profitability of a cow dairy farm, Why Dairy Farming in India?
To manage means "to handle or control". Animal management is the care, control and
handling of the animal species under study. In our livestock species, most of the time and energies of the animal manager are spent providing food and shelter and assuring optimal health and reproductive capacity of the animals under the care of the manager. In this course we will study "typical livestock management systems."
While we refer to these as "typical" management systems, the particular management system in any livestock operation will vary depending upon the following:
species of animal
intended use of animal (dairy cow vs. beef cattle)
location - part of the country, climate, resources available, nearness to neighbors, etc.
resources of producer -- land, labor, capital
materials handling required -- what goes in and what comes out of system feed and water are materials handling inputs waste products and products to be marketed are materials handling outputs
government rules and regulations -- waste management, food safety, humane care,
etc.
preference of producer, processor and consumer
A Good Management system must do the following:
provide for basic needs of animal -- food, water, shelter
provide a product that can be sold at a profit for producer
In operating a livestock management system, a great deal of time is devoted to providing food and water, assuring the health of the animals under one's care and assuring animal reproduction in systems where reproduction is important to providing the final product. As a consequence, we will devote the majority of lecture time in this course to these topics.
The Indian economy is growing at the rate of 6 to 8 percent per annum. The livestock industry in India is the second largest contributor to gross domestic product (GDP), after agriculture, and accounts for 9 percent of the total. Consumption is likely to increase as follows: per capita milk from 240 to 450 g per year; per capita eggs from 40 to 100 per year; and per capita broiler meat from 1 000 to 2 000 g per year.
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on May 30, 2019 at RDMIC Bldg., cor. Visayas Ave., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City
Sustainable animal husbandry practices for Kerala_ Dr Prem Jain (The Kerala E...India Water Portal
This presentation by Dr Prem Jain, Deputy Director, Animal Husbandry Department, Kerala provided information on sustainable animal husbandary practices relevant for Kerala
) An Overview of Pakistan Poultry. b) History and Development of Poultry. c) Major Policy Decisions by Govt to develop poultry. d) Phases of Pakistan’s Poultry Industry. e) Poultry Farming System in Pakistan. f) Division of Poultry Industry. g) Overall growth of Pakistan Poultry. h) Relationship between the human population and the poultry industry. i) Present Status of Commercial Poultry (2013-14 statistics). j) Export from Poultry Sector.
Performance and Constraints of the Poultry Production System among FFs Farmer...copppldsecretariat
The ASSP/SDP-L project promotes the development of family poultry development throughout Pemba Island, Tanzania. The Project encourages poultry farmers to adopt a semi-intensive system of production with introduction of improved breeds. Through this Project farmers are trained in improved poultry management using a Farmers’ Field School (FFS) approach. So far, good progress has been reported in adoption of the acquired knowledge. However, while adopting the new technologies and knowledge, farmers experienced various constraints and setbacks.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
Department of Animal Husbandry in cahhattisgarhis dedicated to work for the benefit of animals and farmers.The Department is Responsible for livestock production, preservation, protection and improvement of stocks and dairy development.
Source(S): http://brijmohanagrawal.in/
How to Start Poultry Farming, Feed Manufacturing, HatcheryAjjay Kumar Gupta
Poultry is one of the fastest growing segments of the agricultural sector in India today. The production of agricultural crops has been rising at a rate of 1.5 to 2 % per annum that of eggs and broilers has been rising at a rate of 8 to 10 % per annum. From a backyard hobby it has culminated into an industry. The venture has largely been entrepreneurial and poultry farmers prefer to target their efforts to breeding & broiler farming for sale of ready broilers or layer farming for eggs. Poultry is the second most widely eaten meat in the world, accounting for about 30% of meat production worldwide. Dairy plants process the raw milk they receive from farmers so as to extend its marketable life.
Tags
How to Start Dairy Farming and Manufacture of Milk Products, Book on Dairy and Poultry Industries, Book on Dairy Farming and Processing, feed manufacturing process, Broiler Feeds, Modern Breeds of Broiler Chicken, Breeding and Fertility, Milking Parlours and Cowsheds, Manufacture of Butter and Cheese, Milk Production and per capita availability of Milk in India, Per capita availability of Milk by States, Are you ready for Dairy Farming Business?, Uses of Milk, Buffalo breeds in India, Bulls, Cows and How to Breed Cattle, Business consultancy, Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm to Produce Milk, Dairy Business, dairy farm management, Dairy Farming a lucrative business in India, dairy farming business plan, dairy farming business plan pdf, Dairy Farming in India, Dairy Industry, Dairy Equipment, Milk Processing, Dairy Production, Dairy production and products: Milk composition, Do you think Dairy Farming Profitable?, nurturing, breeding of cows, fully automated international standards dairy plant, fully automatic milking machines, Fully-Automated Dairy Farm in India, Getting Started in Small-Scale Dairy Farming, Green milk, Hand milking process, how to start a cattle breeding business?, How to Start a Cattle Farming Business?, How to start a successful Dairy business, how to start breeding cattle, How to Start Dairy Cow Farming Business?, How to Start Dairy Farm in India?, how to start dairy farming business, India Dairy Farming, India Dairy Products Industry Outlook, Indian cattle breeds, Indian cow breeds pdf, Indian dairy industry statistics, Indian dairy market, market size of dairy industry in India, medium-scale dairy farms, milk dairy farm business plan, Milking Procedures, modern dairy farm, Profitability and Efficiency of Dairy Farm, profitable small and cottage scale industries, Rotary Parlors milking, Running a Small Scale Dairy, Setting up and opening your Dairy Business, Setting up of Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farming plant, small dairy farm business plan, Small scale Commercial Milk Dairy, Small-Scale Dairy: The Complete Guide to Milk Production, Start your own dairy business, The composition of Cow's Milk, what is a dairy farm, profitability of a cow dairy farm, Why Dairy Farming in India?
Pakistan’s Agriculture Sector- 2 /Livestock : Challenges and ResponseShahid Hussain Raja
Explains the importance of livestock sector for the political economy of Pakistan,carries out its SWOT analysis and describes the various challenges it is facing.Ends with a comprehensive set of recommendations for improving the productivity of the sector
After carrying out an in-depth SWOT Analysis, this presentation identifies the challenges Pakistan's Livestock Sector is facing and then makes recommendations to respond to these challenges.
Economic Analysis of Poultry Production in Sindh pakistansanaullah noonari
Poultry sector is one of the effervescent segments of agriculture industry in Pakistan. This sector generates
employment and income for about 1.5 million people. Its contribution in agriculture growth is 4.81% and in
Livestock growth 9.84%. Poultry meat contributes 19% of the total meat production in the country. The current
investment on poultry industry is above Rs. 200 billion. Poultry sector has shown a robust growth at the rate of
8-10% annually, which reflects its inherent potential. The study was design to investigate economic analysis of
poultry farm production, major objectives of the study were to asses' financial gain from poultry production,
primary data on poultry farms was collected from the farmers through personal interviews with the help of
specially designed questionnaire. A simple random sampling technique was used to collect the data. Statistical
techniques like means, comparison of means and frequency distribution was used for production cost and yield
analysis. On an average total fixed cost was Rs. 111500.00, labour input cost includes Rs 168000.00 on an
average per farm poultry farmer spent labour cost of production. This included Rs. 20000.00 on Supervision
(weekly visit), Electrician(when problem) Rs.4000.00, Feedings Rs. 40000.00, Cleaning Rs. 40000.00,
Watchmen Rs. 50000.00, Drinkers Rs. 22000.00 and Spraying(weekly spray) Rs. 6000.00 respectively. Selected
poultry farmers in study area on average per farm spent on marketing cost was Rs. 134000.00. This included Rs.
24000.OOfor loading, Rs. 86000.00 for transportation and Rs. 24000.00 of unloading. On an average per farm
total cost of production was Rs. 679756.00 and obtained physical productivity 7212 live birds and 12560 eggs
whose revenue productivity was Rs. 1096500.00 and net income was Rs. 326744.00, cost benefit ratio of the
cultivation of poultry at 1:0.48 it means that the poultry farmers obtained Rs. 0.48 on each rupee invested by
them. High profit was observed in poultry farming.
Better lives through livestock: ILRI in SADC Region ILRI
Presented by Amos Omore and Sikhalazo Dube at the Virtual Food Agriculture and Natural Resources (FANR) / International Cooperating Partner (ICP) Group Meeting on Agriculture and Food Security. Gaborone, Botswana, 7 October 2020.
Pakistan's Agriculture Sector- 3 (Horticulture) Challenges and ResponseShahid Hussain Raja
Explains the importance of horticulture for the political economy of Pakistan,carries out its SWOT analysis and describes the challenges it is facing.Ends with a comprehensive set of recommendations for its improvement
World Milk Day 2022
Sustainability in the Dairy Sector: Nutritional, Environmental and Socio-Economic Empowerment
“Produce Milk, Drink Milk, Build Healthy Nation”
Sustainable Agriculture is an integrated system of plant & animal production practices that…….
Satisfy human food and fiber needs;
Enhance environmental quality and the natural resource base upon which the agricultural economy depends
Make the most efficient use of nonrenewable resources & on-farm resources and integrate, where appropriate, natural biological cycles and controls
Sustain the economic viability of farm operations; and
Enhance the quality of life for farmers and society as a whole
After carrying out an in-depth SWOT Analysis of Pakistan's Horticultural Sector, this presentation identifies the challenges this sector is facing and proposes a set of recommendations to respond to these challenges
Similar to Layers & eggs in quetta distric (20)
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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Layers & eggs in quetta distric
1. Layers strength & egg production in Quetta District
Prepared by
Dr. Mohammad Farooque Tareen
Superintendent Government Poultry Farm Quetta
2. Introduction
Poultry in Pakistan was kept as backyard business for household needs. In early sixties the need of commercial
poultry was felt which resulted in 1963, in the form of a national campaign to enhance the production of feed
products in the country [6]. Under this campaign the government announces a tax exemption policy on the income
derived from poultry farming. Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) in collaboration with Shaver Poultry Breeding
Farms of Canada started first commercial hatchery in Karachi. Simultaneously, a commercial poultry feed mill was
started by Lever Brothers, Pakistan Ltd., at Rahim Yar Khan, which was followed by other pioneers like Arbor
Acres Ltd. Special emphasis was laid by the Government on development of poultry industry in the country during
1965-75. The Government made major policy decisions to provide all possible facilities to poultry industry in the
annual development plans. In this period was a disaster due to diseases, in 1990 the farmers suffered a great loss
due to Hydro pericardium syndrome specially the farmers of Broiler and Broiler Breeder Birds. In 1991-92 another
disease Gumboro attacked the chicks of broiler, layer and parent flock that resulted in great mortality. With the
passage of time efforts to reduce the incidence of these diseases and prophylaxes regarding vaccination and bio-
security were done, this also resulted in establishment of new medicine companies and the importation of vaccines
form abroad started. At national level institutes like Poultry Research Institute, Veterinary Research Institute and
Agriculture University Faisalabad also done efforts to reduce these diseases. In 1995 a new disease Avian
Influenza appeared in Murree and Abbotabad and mortality in parent flock roseup to 80% due to this disease and
set a challenge to the scientists at national level. Conferences at the diagnosis of this disease were conducted in
which scientists discussed their point of views, after great loss measures were adopted that resulted in controlling
the disease [
3. PROVINCE WISE POULTRY STASTISTICS
Broiler
a. Broiler Grand Parent 200,000
b. Broiler Parent Stock – 8.0 Millions
Punjab 68%
Sindh 2%
N.W.F.P 30%
Baluchistan –
c. Commercial Broiler – 800 Millions
Punjab 70%
Sindh 23%
N.W.F.P 5%
Baluchistan 2%
LAYER
d. Layer Grand Parent – 4000
Punjab 100%
e. Layer Breeder – 750,000
Punjab 67%
Sindh 25%
N.W.F.P 8%
Baluchistan –
f. Commercial Layer – 32 Millions
Punjab 61%
Sindh 32%
4. N.W.F.P 5%
Baluchistan 2%
FEED
g. Feed – 5.5 M.T.
Punjab 82%
Sindh 18%
N.W.F.P –
Baluchistan
Layer Farms in Quetta District
In QuettaDistrictnumberof layerfarmsisrange 25-30 detail of some farmsare as under:
kuchlak / Bostan Road
S# Name of Farm Numberof layers
1 Abdul Jabbar 10000
2 NaseemKhan 8500
3 Abdul Qadir 3000
4 Haji Mohammad Yousaf 6500
5 Mohamad NazeerAhmed 10000
6 MalikAado Khan 5000
7 AllahSajid 3000
8 Dr. Zahoor / Shakeel 13000
9 Dr. Hayatullah 4500
10 Pehlwan 2000
5. Baleli / Mastung / Quetta
S# Name of Farm Numberof layers
1 Saji Quddusi 15000
2 ZahidAmeen 15000
3 SalamMengal 35000
4 Mubarak 4000
5 SherAhmed 4000
6 Asadullah 4500
7 Maqbool 6000
8 Abdul Raziq 7000
9 NiazMohammad /Tajo 3000
10 KhairMohammad 80000
11 Master Sardar 9000
12 Tahir Mehmood 15000
13 JaffarMandokhail 00
Number of layers in Quetta District
Numberof layersinQuettaDistrictapprox: 275000-280000
Daily egg production
DailyeggproductioninQuettaDistrictis approx:190000-200000
Daily egg consumption
DailyeggconsumptioninQuettaDistrictis approx:500000-600000
6. Daily eggs received from Karachi
Daily eggs receives fromKarachi 4-5 MAZDA Trucks and each Mazda contain 550-600 cartons, each carton 17.5
dozens (these eggs also usein surrounded areas of Quetta District& also in Afghanistan)
Economic Analysis of Poultry Egg Production in Quetta District Balochistan
Pakistan is the fast growing country having growth rate 2.2% annually with total population of
182,589,000 people,which represents an increase of 3,428,889 people comparedto 2012.Most of
peoples are engaged in agriculture producing food for her nation. The food is derived from agricultural
products such as vegetable and animal products.Animal products are the traditional sources of milk,
meat and eggs consumed by people since pre-historic times. They provide not only the essential amino
acids but also the minerals, fats and vitamins. Among animal products,the egg is the mostconsumable
item in the families especiallyin the children. Chicken eggs are a mostcommonfood and one of the
most cooking items contains 65, 35, 12, 11, 1 and 11% water, dry matter, protein, fat, carbohydrates and
ash respectively.The chicken egg also contains 163 cal/100 g. The boiled and omeletare the major
food item used in diets regularly. The egg acts as a nutritional powerhouse and can help the bodyto
prevent as well as get rid of differentailments. Eating a raw egg is similar to consuming a good health
tonic, whereas having boiled eggs is equally beneficent.The breakfast time is the besttime to consume
eggs daily. There are many benefits of egg including maintains health, provides nutrition and protects
immune system.In Pakistan, 13425 million numbers of eggs are produced forthe consumption
7. Commercialand desi are the types of eggs consumed in the country but consumptionof commercialegg
is high due to cheaper in price and easily availability than desieggs.Awareness in consumptionis
increasing day by day through print and electronic media but still there is a deficiency.The culture,
traditions, customs are influenced on egg consumptionin rural and urban societies.On the consideration
and importance of eggs and its consumption,the study was planned to know the consumptionand
cooking patterns. Very limited information is available on the consumption and cooking patterns of
chicken eggs in urban and rural families of Quetta District Baluchistan
Objectives
1. To study of socio-economic characteristics of the poultry egg farms in the study area.
2. To scale of operations of poultry egg production and marketing in the Quetta district of
Balochistan.
3. Determine cost, returns and profitability of poultry egg production in the study area.
4. To make the suggestions forthe improvement of the productivity poultry egg production in the
Quetta district
of Balochistan.
Conclusion and Suggestions
8. In this study, different capacity laying hen farms in District Quetta of Balochistan, which have a
considerable importance in the laying hen farming in Balochistan province, were compared in
terms of performance, including feed consumption, production cost and profitability per chick
and egg, and the most profitable farm size was determined. Study results indicate that farms
had the highest egg yield, a lower feed consumptionand better feed efficiency ratios. In addition
to these technical criteria, farms were found to be more advantageous in terms of economic
criteria [24-28]. When the analyzed farms are assessed in terms of profit margin, it was found
that profit margin was positive. Profit margin was found to increase parallel to the farm. The
poultry sectoris dependenton external sources in the terms of brood.In addition, investments in
manufacturing mentioned products in Balochistan should be encouraged.
Therefore, it is suggested that to adopt more and more new tech knowledge, through which
farmers should be increase the production,gross margin and increase net returns. By increasing
egg production farmers were improve the living intended. For the promotion of poultry egg
following strategy should be adopted.
• Live bird and egg traders replied that short and inconsistent supply in market places is the
most devastating constraints for the development of their business activity.
• Research and higher education institutions should give due attention to the preparation and
promotion of chicken fast food recipes as part of the research development programs hand in
hand with the genetic improvements of local breeds.
• Thus improving the development of infrastructures in the study areas in particular and the
country as a whole would have solid implications in the development of egg production.
• Interested pilot producers should be selected and assisted to undertake semi-intensive
production of local chicken under close supervision by the extension advisors.
• Advising proper combination of inputs to the farmer and giving subsidy on the inputs will result
in enhanced per farm production.
9. • Government should provide subsidies on poultry feed, poultry medicine and other micro
nutrients [29,30].
• There is need of proper guide to farmers about egg production so government should provide
and activate researchers and extension department for proper guideline of farmers.
References:
1. Balochistan Poultry Association
2. Talha Enterprises Quetta
3. Shaharyar Veterinary Quetta
4. Lucky egg storeQuetta
5. Masha ALLAH egg store Quetta
6. Market / Farms survey