This document discusses opportunities and challenges for developing Pakistan's horticulture sector. It notes that horticulture has significant potential due to climate and water resources but faces issues including low productivity, losses, and lack of investment. The document recommends a comprehensive policy framework to increase productivity, profitability, quality, and sustainability in order to accelerate economic growth, reduce poverty, and ensure food security. Key strategies include expanding area under cultivation through new lands, degraded lands, intercropping, and urban farming as well as increasing yields.
High lights of agriculture in Pakistan 2014 -15 By Allah dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
This document summarizes Pakistan's agricultural performance and key crops in 2014-15. It notes that agriculture accounted for 20.9% of GDP but had slow growth of 2.9% due to issues like limited technology adoption, input and infrastructure problems, and lack of credit. Major crops like cotton, wheat, rice and sugarcane are discussed along with production levels. Other points covered include seed procurement, agricultural credit disbursement, water availability, and fertilizer stocks.
Pakistan's Agriculture Sector- 3 (Horticulture) Challenges and ResponseShahid Hussain Raja
Explains the importance of horticulture for the political economy of Pakistan,carries out its SWOT analysis and describes the challenges it is facing.Ends with a comprehensive set of recommendations for its improvement
After carrying out an in-depth SWOT Analysis, this presentation identifies the challenges Pakistan's Livestock Sector is facing and then makes recommendations to respond to these challenges.
Pakistan's Agriculture Sector 1 (crops sector) Challenges and ResponseShahid Hussain Raja
Explains the historical evolution of Pakistan's agricultural sector and carries out its SWOT Analysis by describing its major strengths and weaknesses as well as the threats it faces and the opportunities available for its growth. Then lists the challenges Pakistan's agricultural sector is facing and comes up with a detailed plan of action to face those challenges.
After carrying out an in-depth SWOT Analysis of Pakistan's Horticultural Sector, this presentation identifies the challenges this sector is facing and proposes a set of recommendations to respond to these challenges
This document discusses agriculture in Pakistan and strategies for agricultural development. It provides background on agriculture's importance to Pakistan's economy and outlines the typical phases of agricultural transformation: increasing productivity, tapping surpluses, integrating the sector into the macroeconomy, and managing agriculture similarly to other industries. It also addresses limitations to intervening in industrialization and strategies like technical change, increasing land and labor productivity, and applying biotechnology research.
Agricultural Pricing Policy of PakistanUltraspectra
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High lights of agriculture in Pakistan 2014 -15 By Allah dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
This document summarizes Pakistan's agricultural performance and key crops in 2014-15. It notes that agriculture accounted for 20.9% of GDP but had slow growth of 2.9% due to issues like limited technology adoption, input and infrastructure problems, and lack of credit. Major crops like cotton, wheat, rice and sugarcane are discussed along with production levels. Other points covered include seed procurement, agricultural credit disbursement, water availability, and fertilizer stocks.
Pakistan's Agriculture Sector- 3 (Horticulture) Challenges and ResponseShahid Hussain Raja
Explains the importance of horticulture for the political economy of Pakistan,carries out its SWOT analysis and describes the challenges it is facing.Ends with a comprehensive set of recommendations for its improvement
After carrying out an in-depth SWOT Analysis, this presentation identifies the challenges Pakistan's Livestock Sector is facing and then makes recommendations to respond to these challenges.
Pakistan's Agriculture Sector 1 (crops sector) Challenges and ResponseShahid Hussain Raja
Explains the historical evolution of Pakistan's agricultural sector and carries out its SWOT Analysis by describing its major strengths and weaknesses as well as the threats it faces and the opportunities available for its growth. Then lists the challenges Pakistan's agricultural sector is facing and comes up with a detailed plan of action to face those challenges.
After carrying out an in-depth SWOT Analysis of Pakistan's Horticultural Sector, this presentation identifies the challenges this sector is facing and proposes a set of recommendations to respond to these challenges
This document discusses agriculture in Pakistan and strategies for agricultural development. It provides background on agriculture's importance to Pakistan's economy and outlines the typical phases of agricultural transformation: increasing productivity, tapping surpluses, integrating the sector into the macroeconomy, and managing agriculture similarly to other industries. It also addresses limitations to intervening in industrialization and strategies like technical change, increasing land and labor productivity, and applying biotechnology research.
Agricultural Pricing Policy of PakistanUltraspectra
About Us:
UltraSpectra is a full-service online company dedicated to providing the services of internet marketing and
IT solutions to professionals and businesses looking to fully leverage the internet.
http://www.ultraspectra.com
http://www.ultraspectra.net
Join Our Network:
facebook.com/ultraspectra
twitter.com/ultraspectra
youtube.com/user/ultraspecra
About Us:
UltraSpectra is a full-service online company dedicated to providing the services of internet marketing and
IT solutions to professionals and businesses looking to fully leverage the internet.
http://www.ultraspectra.com
http://www.ultraspectra.net
Join Our Network:
facebook.com/ultraspectra
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This document provides an overview of agriculture in Pakistan. It begins by defining agriculture and discussing its importance to Pakistan's economy. Agriculture accounts for 25% of GDP and 43.5% of employment. The main crops discussed are cotton, wheat, rice and sugarcane. Livestock, fisheries and forestry are also important sub-sectors. Challenges facing the agricultural sector include inadequate supplies and infrastructure, outdated production methods, and lack of credit. Overall, the document outlines the current state and role of agriculture in Pakistan's economy.
Pakistan’s Agriculture Sector- 2 /Livestock : Challenges and ResponseShahid Hussain Raja
Explains the importance of livestock sector for the political economy of Pakistan,carries out its SWOT analysis and describes the various challenges it is facing.Ends with a comprehensive set of recommendations for improving the productivity of the sector
Pakistan's Agriculture Sector-1 (Crops Sector) Challenges and ResponseShahid Hussain Raja
This document provides an overview of Pakistan's agricultural sector through time series and cross-country data, a SWOT analysis, and discussion of challenges and responses. It notes that agriculture remains the dominant sector in Pakistan's economy despite relative decline. The document outlines increases in production of major crops from the 1950s to recent years and compares Pakistan's yields with other countries. It identifies weaknesses like low productivity and threats like climate change facing the sector.
Horticulture related Developmental programmesAditya
The document discusses various horticulture schemes run by the central and state governments of India. The key schemes discussed are the National Horticultural Mission (NHM), the Micro Irrigation Scheme, and schemes run by the National Horticulture Board. NHM aims to promote holistic growth of horticulture through increasing production, establishing synergies between programs, and generating employment. It provides assistance for activities like nursery development, vegetable seed production, orchard establishment, and post-harvest infrastructure creation. The Micro Irrigation Scheme provides subsidies for drip and sprinkler irrigation systems.
This document provides an overview of agriculture in Pakistan. It discusses different types of farming including small-scale subsistence farming and cash crop farming. It also outlines factors that affect crop production and livestock farming. The document describes fish farms and provides examples of marine, inland, and farm fish. It discusses the role of agriculture in Pakistan's economy and patterns of agricultural modernization. Problems facing the agricultural sector are outlined as well as potential remedies.
Scope, issues of agri inputs marketing and promotion mechanism in nepalSuresh Simkhada
This document discusses strategies for agricultural input marketing in Nepal. It outlines direct selling opportunities from increasing commercialization and government policies promoting mechanization and agribusiness. It also mentions working with various NGOs, cooperatives, farmer groups, and on government projects. Some challenges are unstable demand, high costs, product quality issues, and unhealthy competition. The document recommends institutional and product promotions through events and media. It also suggests various sales promotion strategies like online platforms, incentives, sampling, financing, and after-sales support.
Agriculture is a vital sector of Pakistan's economy, accounting for 21% of GDP and employing 41% of the labor force. Some key crops include wheat, rice, sugarcane, and cotton. Pakistan has one of the largest irrigation systems in the world due to rivers like the Indus. However, agricultural productivity and yields remain low due to issues like limited cultivated land, lack of infrastructure, and low crop intensity. The government has introduced various policies and programs to support the agriculture sector such as credit schemes, crop insurance, and subsidies.
The document discusses agriculture in Pakistan. It notes that Pakistan has a rapidly growing population but wheat production has only increased 2.9 fold over 50 years. Agriculture contributes 24% to GDP and employs 47% of the labor force. Key crops include cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits and vegetables. Recent declines are due to soil erosion, water wastage through flood irrigation, low yields, lack of credit and rising waterlogging and salinity. Improved mechanization, seeds, and use of tube wells can help boost agricultural production.
The document discusses the impact of COVID-19 on Indian agriculture. It outlines how the pandemic has affected agricultural supply chains and the agriculture sector through issues with seed accessibility, food production and distribution, fertilizer shortages, and impacts on livestock. The government implemented schemes to support farmers during this time like Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana, PM-KISAN, and Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana. While some changes have been proposed to improve the agriculture sector, uniform implementation of policies is still needed.
The document discusses several problems facing Pakistan's agricultural sector, including limited cultivable land, water logging and salinity issues, and low crop yields. It outlines techno-economic problems like outdated farming methods, lack of infrastructure and inputs, and natural problems such as plant diseases and natural disasters. Socioeconomic challenges include consumption-oriented farming, illiteracy, and political instability. Finally, it notes financial problems such as lack of credit and unstable market prices. The document proposes solutions such as providing agricultural credit, improving irrigation, research, and offering tax concessions and training to help address these issues.
- Agriculture is a major sector of Pakistan's economy, accounting for 21% of GDP and employing 41% of the labor force. Key crops include wheat, sugarcane, cotton, and rice.
- Livestock also contributes significantly, making up 11.5% of GDP. Pakistan is the 5th largest milk producer globally.
- However, Pakistan faces several challenges in the agriculture sector including outdated irrigation methods, soil erosion, exploitation of small farmers, waterlogging and salinity issues. New policies and investment in infrastructure such as dams are needed to modernize the sector.
This document discusses a study that used a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to analyze the potential impacts of adopting hydroponics technology in Pakistan's fruit and vegetable sector and on global trade. The study adapted the GTAP global CGE model with separate sectors for fruits and vegetables among 15 aggregated sectors and 30 aggregated regions including Pakistan. Simulations were run to quantify the effects of increasing hydroponics production of fruits and vegetables in Pakistan and reducing import tariffs on chemicals used as inputs. The results showed overall positive impacts on Pakistan's real GDP, sectoral exports and imports, terms of trade, and domestic prices of fruits and vegetables, indicating that adopting hydroponics technology could benefit Pakistan's macroeconomic indicators and consumer welfare.
Agriculture in Pakistan faces many problems. Only 23.5% of Pakistan's total land area is cultivated, and per acre yields of major crops like wheat and rice are lower than in other countries due to outdated farming methods and a lack of infrastructure and technology. Small landholdings are also uneconomical as the average size is less than 2 hectares. Additionally, unstable market prices and a lack of funds negatively impact farmers. Many reforms are needed to modernize farming practices, improve irrigation systems, provide access to credit, and ensure stable returns to help Pakistani agriculture reach its full potential.
The Role of agriculture in economic development - in TanzaniaElisha Magolanga
Agriculture continues to provide livelihood for about 80% of the labour force despite the trends towards income diversification and urbanization (Bryceson 1999; GoT 2011). The majority of farmers are smallholders who rely on traditional methods in cultivation and livestock-keeping. The average farm size is less than two hectares per household. Since the mid-1980s, the growth in domestic food production has lagged behind the population growth which has been over 2.5% annually. Especially the per capita production of fresh vegetables, roots and tubers has declined while wheat imports have grown manifold (Haapanen, 2011).
Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan's economy, providing employment and contributing 24% to GDP. However, Pakistan's agricultural sector faces many problems including a feudal land ownership system, underutilization of land and labor, lack of irrigation infrastructure, illiterate farmers, inadequate research and supplies. The government is taking steps to address these issues through consolidating land holdings, increasing credit access, improving irrigation, promoting mechanization and education.
Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan's economy, providing employment and contributing 24% to GDP. However, Pakistan's agricultural sector faces many problems including a feudal land ownership system, underutilization of land and labor, lack of irrigation infrastructure and water supply, illiterate farmers, inadequate research and use of inputs, and natural disasters. The government is taking steps to address these issues through consolidating land holdings, increasing credit access, improving irrigation, promoting mechanization and use of improved seeds, expanding education, and implementing proper agricultural policies.
Agricultural Development Planning And Resource MobilizationKhawaja Naveed
This document provides an overview of Pakistan's agricultural sector and development plans through 2025. It discusses key crops, livestock, and policies. The major targets of development plans are to increase water storage capacity by 64 MAF through new dams and canals to meet future needs from population growth and develop 64 MAF of storage capacity through projects in phases, with initial fast track projects from 2002-2006 adding 5 MAF of storage and irrigation. The vision is to mobilize resources and modernize the agricultural sector to ensure food security and economic growth.
Introduction of Bangladeshi Agriculture.
An overview.
Importance of Agriculture in Bangladesh.
Characteristics of Agriculture in Bangladesh.
Dualism in Bangladesh Agriculture.
Feature of Agriculture of Bangladesh.
Natural based Agriculture of Bangladesh.
Land ownership pattern in Agriculture.
Size and composition of rural sector.
Modernization or Mechanization of Agriculture.
SWOT of Agriculture sector.
Objectives of the National Agricultural Policy.
Constraints for Agricultural Development.
Supportive Measures for Agriculture and Food Security
Major Development Issue and Challenges for Bangladesh Agriculture.
Role of livestock extension in the food security scenario of India- Dr.Subin ...KVASU
Livestock extension plays an important role in ensuring food security in India. It transfers technologies from research stations to farmers to increase livestock production and productivity. Various government agencies and non-government organizations are involved in livestock extension to educate farmers, empower women, and enhance human resource development. Strengthening livestock extension services can further improve the livestock sector and help address issues of poverty and food insecurity.
About Us:
UltraSpectra is a full-service online company dedicated to providing the services of internet marketing and
IT solutions to professionals and businesses looking to fully leverage the internet.
http://www.ultraspectra.com
http://www.ultraspectra.net
Join Our Network:
facebook.com/ultraspectra
twitter.com/ultraspectra
youtube.com/user/ultraspecra
This document provides an overview of agriculture in Pakistan. It begins by defining agriculture and discussing its importance to Pakistan's economy. Agriculture accounts for 25% of GDP and 43.5% of employment. The main crops discussed are cotton, wheat, rice and sugarcane. Livestock, fisheries and forestry are also important sub-sectors. Challenges facing the agricultural sector include inadequate supplies and infrastructure, outdated production methods, and lack of credit. Overall, the document outlines the current state and role of agriculture in Pakistan's economy.
Pakistan’s Agriculture Sector- 2 /Livestock : Challenges and ResponseShahid Hussain Raja
Explains the importance of livestock sector for the political economy of Pakistan,carries out its SWOT analysis and describes the various challenges it is facing.Ends with a comprehensive set of recommendations for improving the productivity of the sector
Pakistan's Agriculture Sector-1 (Crops Sector) Challenges and ResponseShahid Hussain Raja
This document provides an overview of Pakistan's agricultural sector through time series and cross-country data, a SWOT analysis, and discussion of challenges and responses. It notes that agriculture remains the dominant sector in Pakistan's economy despite relative decline. The document outlines increases in production of major crops from the 1950s to recent years and compares Pakistan's yields with other countries. It identifies weaknesses like low productivity and threats like climate change facing the sector.
Horticulture related Developmental programmesAditya
The document discusses various horticulture schemes run by the central and state governments of India. The key schemes discussed are the National Horticultural Mission (NHM), the Micro Irrigation Scheme, and schemes run by the National Horticulture Board. NHM aims to promote holistic growth of horticulture through increasing production, establishing synergies between programs, and generating employment. It provides assistance for activities like nursery development, vegetable seed production, orchard establishment, and post-harvest infrastructure creation. The Micro Irrigation Scheme provides subsidies for drip and sprinkler irrigation systems.
This document provides an overview of agriculture in Pakistan. It discusses different types of farming including small-scale subsistence farming and cash crop farming. It also outlines factors that affect crop production and livestock farming. The document describes fish farms and provides examples of marine, inland, and farm fish. It discusses the role of agriculture in Pakistan's economy and patterns of agricultural modernization. Problems facing the agricultural sector are outlined as well as potential remedies.
Scope, issues of agri inputs marketing and promotion mechanism in nepalSuresh Simkhada
This document discusses strategies for agricultural input marketing in Nepal. It outlines direct selling opportunities from increasing commercialization and government policies promoting mechanization and agribusiness. It also mentions working with various NGOs, cooperatives, farmer groups, and on government projects. Some challenges are unstable demand, high costs, product quality issues, and unhealthy competition. The document recommends institutional and product promotions through events and media. It also suggests various sales promotion strategies like online platforms, incentives, sampling, financing, and after-sales support.
Agriculture is a vital sector of Pakistan's economy, accounting for 21% of GDP and employing 41% of the labor force. Some key crops include wheat, rice, sugarcane, and cotton. Pakistan has one of the largest irrigation systems in the world due to rivers like the Indus. However, agricultural productivity and yields remain low due to issues like limited cultivated land, lack of infrastructure, and low crop intensity. The government has introduced various policies and programs to support the agriculture sector such as credit schemes, crop insurance, and subsidies.
The document discusses agriculture in Pakistan. It notes that Pakistan has a rapidly growing population but wheat production has only increased 2.9 fold over 50 years. Agriculture contributes 24% to GDP and employs 47% of the labor force. Key crops include cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits and vegetables. Recent declines are due to soil erosion, water wastage through flood irrigation, low yields, lack of credit and rising waterlogging and salinity. Improved mechanization, seeds, and use of tube wells can help boost agricultural production.
The document discusses the impact of COVID-19 on Indian agriculture. It outlines how the pandemic has affected agricultural supply chains and the agriculture sector through issues with seed accessibility, food production and distribution, fertilizer shortages, and impacts on livestock. The government implemented schemes to support farmers during this time like Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana, PM-KISAN, and Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana. While some changes have been proposed to improve the agriculture sector, uniform implementation of policies is still needed.
The document discusses several problems facing Pakistan's agricultural sector, including limited cultivable land, water logging and salinity issues, and low crop yields. It outlines techno-economic problems like outdated farming methods, lack of infrastructure and inputs, and natural problems such as plant diseases and natural disasters. Socioeconomic challenges include consumption-oriented farming, illiteracy, and political instability. Finally, it notes financial problems such as lack of credit and unstable market prices. The document proposes solutions such as providing agricultural credit, improving irrigation, research, and offering tax concessions and training to help address these issues.
- Agriculture is a major sector of Pakistan's economy, accounting for 21% of GDP and employing 41% of the labor force. Key crops include wheat, sugarcane, cotton, and rice.
- Livestock also contributes significantly, making up 11.5% of GDP. Pakistan is the 5th largest milk producer globally.
- However, Pakistan faces several challenges in the agriculture sector including outdated irrigation methods, soil erosion, exploitation of small farmers, waterlogging and salinity issues. New policies and investment in infrastructure such as dams are needed to modernize the sector.
This document discusses a study that used a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to analyze the potential impacts of adopting hydroponics technology in Pakistan's fruit and vegetable sector and on global trade. The study adapted the GTAP global CGE model with separate sectors for fruits and vegetables among 15 aggregated sectors and 30 aggregated regions including Pakistan. Simulations were run to quantify the effects of increasing hydroponics production of fruits and vegetables in Pakistan and reducing import tariffs on chemicals used as inputs. The results showed overall positive impacts on Pakistan's real GDP, sectoral exports and imports, terms of trade, and domestic prices of fruits and vegetables, indicating that adopting hydroponics technology could benefit Pakistan's macroeconomic indicators and consumer welfare.
Agriculture in Pakistan faces many problems. Only 23.5% of Pakistan's total land area is cultivated, and per acre yields of major crops like wheat and rice are lower than in other countries due to outdated farming methods and a lack of infrastructure and technology. Small landholdings are also uneconomical as the average size is less than 2 hectares. Additionally, unstable market prices and a lack of funds negatively impact farmers. Many reforms are needed to modernize farming practices, improve irrigation systems, provide access to credit, and ensure stable returns to help Pakistani agriculture reach its full potential.
The Role of agriculture in economic development - in TanzaniaElisha Magolanga
Agriculture continues to provide livelihood for about 80% of the labour force despite the trends towards income diversification and urbanization (Bryceson 1999; GoT 2011). The majority of farmers are smallholders who rely on traditional methods in cultivation and livestock-keeping. The average farm size is less than two hectares per household. Since the mid-1980s, the growth in domestic food production has lagged behind the population growth which has been over 2.5% annually. Especially the per capita production of fresh vegetables, roots and tubers has declined while wheat imports have grown manifold (Haapanen, 2011).
Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan's economy, providing employment and contributing 24% to GDP. However, Pakistan's agricultural sector faces many problems including a feudal land ownership system, underutilization of land and labor, lack of irrigation infrastructure, illiterate farmers, inadequate research and supplies. The government is taking steps to address these issues through consolidating land holdings, increasing credit access, improving irrigation, promoting mechanization and education.
Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan's economy, providing employment and contributing 24% to GDP. However, Pakistan's agricultural sector faces many problems including a feudal land ownership system, underutilization of land and labor, lack of irrigation infrastructure and water supply, illiterate farmers, inadequate research and use of inputs, and natural disasters. The government is taking steps to address these issues through consolidating land holdings, increasing credit access, improving irrigation, promoting mechanization and use of improved seeds, expanding education, and implementing proper agricultural policies.
Agricultural Development Planning And Resource MobilizationKhawaja Naveed
This document provides an overview of Pakistan's agricultural sector and development plans through 2025. It discusses key crops, livestock, and policies. The major targets of development plans are to increase water storage capacity by 64 MAF through new dams and canals to meet future needs from population growth and develop 64 MAF of storage capacity through projects in phases, with initial fast track projects from 2002-2006 adding 5 MAF of storage and irrigation. The vision is to mobilize resources and modernize the agricultural sector to ensure food security and economic growth.
Introduction of Bangladeshi Agriculture.
An overview.
Importance of Agriculture in Bangladesh.
Characteristics of Agriculture in Bangladesh.
Dualism in Bangladesh Agriculture.
Feature of Agriculture of Bangladesh.
Natural based Agriculture of Bangladesh.
Land ownership pattern in Agriculture.
Size and composition of rural sector.
Modernization or Mechanization of Agriculture.
SWOT of Agriculture sector.
Objectives of the National Agricultural Policy.
Constraints for Agricultural Development.
Supportive Measures for Agriculture and Food Security
Major Development Issue and Challenges for Bangladesh Agriculture.
Role of livestock extension in the food security scenario of India- Dr.Subin ...KVASU
Livestock extension plays an important role in ensuring food security in India. It transfers technologies from research stations to farmers to increase livestock production and productivity. Various government agencies and non-government organizations are involved in livestock extension to educate farmers, empower women, and enhance human resource development. Strengthening livestock extension services can further improve the livestock sector and help address issues of poverty and food insecurity.
Crop diversification in India by Mr. Subramanian SSubramanianS95
This document discusses crop diversification in India. It notes that Indian agriculture is becoming increasingly influenced by economic factors like market prices. Crop choice is being driven more by economic incentives as infrastructure improves. Crop diversification allows for a wider variety of crops to be grown and reduces risk. Factors like government policies, market development, and profitability can induce farmers to shift to new crops. Diversification is also important in rainfed areas to mitigate drought risk. Overall crop patterns are changing in response to changing economic conditions.
Agriculture inovation is future of armenia strategic adviceARMEN MEHRABYAN
Armenia has opportunities to become a center for agricultural innovation between Europe and Asia by leveraging its strategic location, climate conditions, and trade agreements. The document proposes establishing an Agriculture and Food Production Innovation Center to help agribusinesses innovate, compete, and reach new markets through services like product development, processing advice, and market access support. Investing in the Center could strengthen Armenia's agricultural sector and rural incomes by promoting high-value production like organic crops and functional foods in demand globally.
Development of agricultural sector in bangladesh and its contribution in econ...Rakeeb Ashraf
This document discusses the development of Bangladesh's agricultural sector and its contribution to economic growth. It notes that agriculture makes up 30% of Bangladesh's GDP and employs 60% of the labor force. It then outlines several challenges facing Bangladesh's agricultural sector, including the loss of arable land, population growth, climate change, insufficient credit for farmers, and unfair produce prices. It analyzes these challenges and proposes solutions such as developing climate-resilient crops, encouraging farmers' cooperatives, and improving water conservation. The overall goal is to sustainably intensify and diversify agricultural production to meet nutritional needs amid population growth.
The document discusses the agricultural sector in Turkey. It notes that around 1/3 of the population lives in rural areas and agriculture makes up 8-10% of national income. It states that agricultural policies need to be harmonized with industrial policies during the EU accession process. The document also discusses Turkey's economic advantages for agriculture, including climate and natural resources. It notes targets for Turkey to increase agricultural production to $150 billion by 2023 and exports to $30 billion.
This document discusses the development of agriculture in India since independence. It notes that agricultural production has grown at 2.6% annually since independence, compared to 1% annually in the previous 50 years. This growth has shifted from being primarily due to expansion of agricultural land to increases in productivity. The government of India has taken several steps to support agriculture, including land reforms, ensuring remunerative prices, investment in research and extension services, and improving rural infrastructure. The document also provides an overview of the types of farming practiced in India.
Uday salunkhe challenges and opportunties for agri sector in indiaudaysalunkhe
This article talks about the Challenges and opportunities for agriculture sector in India. It has been co- authored by Dr. Uday Salunkhe, Director of the prestigious Welingkar Institute of Management and Research
This article talks about the Union Budget 2009-2010 and gives details whether it fits together with the vision 2020. It has been co- authored by Dr. Uday Salunkhe, Director of the prestigious Welingkar Institute of Management and Research.
1) The document discusses egg production in Quetta District, Balochistan, Pakistan. It provides statistics on the number of layer farms and layers in the district, as well as daily egg production and consumption.
2) There are approximately 25-30 layer farms in Quetta District with a total of 275,000-280,000 layers. The daily egg production is 190,000-200,000 eggs. Daily consumption in the district is 500,000-600,000 eggs so additional eggs are received daily from Karachi.
3) The author concludes by providing suggestions to improve productivity, including adopting new technologies, increasing research and education, improving infrastructure, providing subsidies, and enhancing extension services and guidance to farmers
1) The document discusses egg production in Quetta District, Balochistan, Pakistan. It provides statistics on the number of layer farms and layers in the district, as well as daily egg production and consumption.
2) There are approximately 25-30 layer farms in Quetta District with a total of 275,000-280,000 layers. The daily egg production is 190,000-200,000 eggs. Daily consumption in the district is 500,000-600,000 eggs so additional eggs are received daily from Karachi.
3) The author concludes by providing suggestions to improve productivity in Quetta District's poultry egg production, such as adopting new technologies, increasing production and returns through subsidies, and
1) The document discusses egg production in Quetta District, Balochistan, Pakistan. It provides statistics on the number of layer farms and layers in the district, as well as daily egg production and consumption.
2) There are approximately 25-30 layer farms in Quetta District with a total of 275,000-280,000 layers. The daily egg production is 190,000-200,000 eggs. Daily consumption in the district is 500,000-600,000 eggs so additional eggs are received daily from Karachi.
3) The author concludes with suggestions to improve productivity, including adopting new technologies, providing subsidies, improving infrastructure, and enhancing extension services and research.
Agriculture and Agrifood Statistic 2020-1.pdfOmprasad26
The document summarizes Brunei's agriculture and agrifood sector in 2020. It notes that the sector saw positive growth despite challenges from COVID-19, with gross output increasing 9.94% to B$470.86 million. Production of broiler chickens reached over 26,000 metric tonnes and paddy production nearly 4,000 metric tonnes, the highest ever. The livestock industry was the largest contributor to output, representing 57% of the total. The government aims to continue supporting growth in the sector to increase food security and self-sufficiency.
This document discusses strategies to double farmers' income in India by 2022 as envisioned by Prime Minister Modi. It outlines sources of growth in farm income from increased productivity, crop diversification, and shifting workers to non-farm jobs. Key strategies proposed include expanding irrigation, providing quality seeds and nutrients, investing in infrastructure like warehouses, promoting food processing and national markets, and crop insurance schemes. Overall the goal is to improve productivity and market access for farmers through various agricultural reforms and investments.
This document discusses innovative financing and investment in agriculture across Africa. It begins by outlining the importance of agriculture to African economies and development, noting its contributions to GDP, exports, employment and poverty reduction. However, the sector remains underdeveloped with low productivity and incomes for smallholder farmers. Access to adequate financing is identified as a key impediment. The document then reviews global trends driving the need for increased agricultural production and Africa's particular challenges. It examines examples of innovative financing approaches around the world and within Africa, including mechanisms utilizing public, public-private and private partnerships. Overall it argues innovative financing is needed to boost investment in African agriculture to meet future food demands and address development challenges.
Agro processing involves conservation and handling of agricultural produce to make it usable as food, feed, fiber, fuel or raw material. Value addition is the process of changing a raw commodity into a more valuable state. In India, only a small percentage of agricultural produce is processed. There is potential to increase value addition through food processing. Food processing offers opportunities to meet growing consumer demand, improve productivity and utilize technological advances.
The document discusses the agriculture sector in India. Some key points:
- Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy, with around 58% of the population depending on it. India is a major global producer of crops like wheat, rice, fruits and vegetables.
- Agriculture contributes 18% to total exports and 23% to India's GDP. The sector provides food for over 1 billion people and raw materials to many industries.
- Major crops grown in India include rice, wheat, maize, millets, pulses, oilseeds, cotton, jute, sugarcane, tea, coffee, coconut and rubber.
- The agriculture sector plays a crucial role in employment, international trade, rural
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ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
3. Despite its significance in agricultural growth, commercial
activities and poverty alleviation, the horticulture sector has
not received the attention it deserves.
Its slow development reflects a weak policy and regulatory
framework, production and productivity problems, post
harvest losses, marketing problems and limited capital
investment.
These problems have contributed to low quality standards,
minimal export of horticulture products, low rates of return
on investment that consequently fail to attract new
investment.
This presentation explains the ground realities about
horticultural sector of Pakistan and suggests a strategy to
develop this sector to its full potential
4. Despite its relative decline in formal economy in
percentage terms, agriculture is still dominant sector
in overall economic structure
Pakistan’s survival and growth are directly dependent
on its agriculture due to its socio-political
interconnectedness and its economic and financial
linkages-backward and forward
Its performance still dictates all our macro indicators -
GDP, Poverty, External Balance, Inflation etc
5. Out of total area of Pakistan of approximately 80 million
hectares, about 58 million hectares have been surveyed
The area under cultivation is 22 million hectares (38%) out
of which nearly 19 million hectares is irrigated; the rest is
rain fed
The area under forest is 4 million hectares (7%) and the
balance surveyed area 8 million hectares can be classified
as the cultivable waste
Coupled with suitable climate and availability of fairly good
water resources, agriculture has been the major activity for
centuries in this part of the world
6. Agriculture sector of Pakistan comprises four sectors
- livestock, crop, forest and fisheries
Livestock contributes 56% of the total agriculture
production, crop sector adds 38% while fisheries and
forestry contributes 2% each
Out of crops sector ,horticulture occupies fairly
significant position in terms of area, production,
share in GDP and employment.
A viable and profitable horticulture sector can
provide a sustainable livelihood to the rural
agriculture community .However small land holding
precludes the possibility of horticultural cultivation
on commercial lines
7. Pakistan has a great potential for horticulture due to variety
in land and climate which provide opportunities for the
production of a wide range of horticulture crops.
A large number of indigenous fruits, vegetables and
floriculture commodities are produced in the country while
there is scope for cultivation of exotic crops.
In some fruits and vegetables, Pakistan occupies prominent
world position in terms of production i.e. apricots(6th),date
palm(5th), Onion(7th),mandarin (6th),mango (4th) etc
With more than 435,000 hectares under vegetables, Pakistan
ranks 17th in the world while in production it ranks 20th
with a total production of around 5,500,1000 tons
8. With an area around 200,000 hectares under production,
Pakistan produces 2.15 million tons per annum( 95% of
world’s Kinnows) out of which around 370,000 tons worth
Rs.10 billion is exported.
Apples are grown on 111,600 hectares and getting annual
production of 366,000 tons out of which ----million tons
worth --- are exported
Peaches are mostly grown over an area under 15,000
hectares and production is 54,000 tons.
Mango, the second important fruit crop, is grown
on173,700 hectares and production is around 2 million
tons. It produces approximately 6% of the world’s total
production and is currently the third largest producer.
9. Grapes, a low water consuming crop, is planted over
16,000 hectares and increasing owing to rise in demand.
Production of grapes ranges from 65,000 to 70,000 tons.
Guava is widely grown in Pakistan with production of
about 500,000 tons over an area of 62,000 hectares.
Produced in all the four provinces, the area under
cultivation of dates is 90,000 hectares with production of
531,000 tons.
Other fruits like banana, persimmon, pomegranates,
cherries and plums are also grown
10. Onions, grown in all the four provinces is cultivated on an area
of 125,000 hectares and production is 1.70 million tons
Garlic is the second most widely used cultivated alliums after
onion. It is grown in all the four provinces of Pakistan over an
area of 6,800 hectares producing 57,000 tons
Potato, fourth most important crop in terms of volume, is
cultivated on an area of 140,000 hectares with production of 3
million tons
Chillies are grown on 75,000 hectares with a production of
188,000 tons
11.
12. Huge area available for horticultural plantation
Climate suitable for cultivation of indigenous
and exotic fruits and vegetables
Possibilities of fruit/crop inter-cropping
Year round availability of fruits/vegetables due to
geographical spread
Increased awareness about tunnel farming/drip
irrigation and its widespread adoption
13. Low production, often geographically dispersed -less
area/low yields
Side business to crops/livestock-less attention
Bad horticultural practices -huge production losses
Low technological base-less production/productivity
Poor marketing leading to lower profitability
Inadequate value addition-less profitability
Unsatisfactory processing-post production losses
14. Global corporate interest in food products
Growing population-domestic and world which
expands the market
Growing prosperity-local ,regional and global which
increases demand for luxuries
Improved transportation network saving time
Regional integration reducing costs of doing business
New technologies resulting in efficiency gains and
time/costs reduction
15. Climate change and environmental degradation
Sudden death syndrome diseases affecting certain
food trees, post harvest fungal disease
Increasingly strict food safety standards in developed
and even in middle income countries
Renewed interest in bio-fuel production adversely
affecting food security and horticulture
16. How to meet the increasing demand of high quality
horticultural products by increasing its production
on sustainable basis without adversely affecting the
production of food/cash crops or habitat for
livestock in the face of looming threat of climate
change and environmental degradation
17. We need to formulate a comprehensive horticultural policy
which should indicate the broad direction, create
institutions and define their respective roles, make rules
for coordination, set safety standards and provide an
incentive and rewards system for various stake holders
Within this framework the Government’s role should be
confined to policy formulation, regulation, capacity
building and facilitation, while the private sector will take
the lead in investment and value chain development, on its
own or on public-private partnership basis
Within the national policy settings, horticulture will be
developed with the following five broad objectives;
18. Increase productivity by increasing efficiency in all
horticultural operations through public as well as
private sector investment in R&D and Extension
Increase profitability by rationalizing input and
output prices, reducing production and post
production losses and developing efficient
marketing infrastructure
Make horticultural produce competitive in the
rapidly globalizing world by reducing cost of
production, improving quality and ensuring
Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary (SPS) compliance
19. Ensure sustainability by promoting environment
friendly good horticultural practices through
incentives and rewards, awareness campaigns and
promulgation of appropriate legal framework
Ensure equitable distribution of gains from
enhanced productivity by making available public
sector goods and services to all stakeholders
without distinction
20. Accelerating the national economic growth by increasing the rate
of growth of this important subsector of the economy
Reducing unemployment by creating jobs in horticulture sector
Increasing Pakistan's foreign exchange earnings by increasing
quantity, quality and variety of horticultural exports
Ensuring food security and nutritional balance of the people’s food
intake by providing them vitamin rich horticultural products
Helping the state in its poverty alleviation efforts by providing
them a labour intensive, low capital intensive investment
Improving the condition and status of women by providing them
opportunities to own resources
21. A. Horizontal expansion - increasing the area under
horticultural products
B. Vertical expansion - increasing the yield of the
horticultural products
C. Structural transformation - diversification and
value addition
D. Cross Cutting Interventions - rural reforms
22. 1.Bringing new areas under horticultural cultivation
2.Reclaiming degraded lands
3.Intercropping
4.Urban/peri-urban farming
23. There is a vast scope of horizontal expansion in
respect of horticultural products due to their
agronomic qualities
New techniques of tunnel farming and drip
irrigation has revolutionized this sector
Increased productivity in crop sector can release
additional lands for horticulture
Even marginal/mountain lands, not fit for
profitable cultivation of cash/food crops can be
brought under fruit/vegetables
24. Degraded lands, not fit for profitable
cultivation of cash/food crops can be
brought under horticultural production with
the help of technology, chemicals and water
New techniques and technology of saving
water has made it possible to use these land
for horticultural production on profitable
basis
25. Encourage eco-friendly inter-cropping practices
as it increases the area under cultivation by
cultivating vegetables in between the rows.
Similarly farmers can plant crops in orchards to
increase their profitability
Agro-forestry is another profitable option for the
farmers and the country
However farmers must be given proper technical
support for this practice to be cost effective and
eco friendly
26. Increased urbanisation is devouring fertile lands for
construction of spacious houses and infrastructure
Besides formulating appropriate land use policy,
government should encourage urban and peri-urban
farming by utilizing the vacant areas and promoting
kitchen gardening
Modern techniques and technology have made it
technically feasible and financially cost effective to go for
this form of micro farming
Proper guidance, availability of urban farming
infrastructure and timely technical support can provide
incentives for urbanites to become part time farmers
27. 1.Agricultural Education and Research
2.Skill Formation
3.Farm Mechanization
4.Inputs
◦ Seeds
◦ Chemicals
◦ Water
◦ Credit
28. Our agricultural Research& Development and Extension
suffer from many structural, and management
weaknesses-low funding, weak coordination and linkages
among research, education and extension, inadequate
technical and professional capacities of the agricultural
research institutions, infrastructure etc
Government should promote demand driven quality based
R&D and extension services by encouraging public-
private partnerships that are linked to horticulture value
chains
Research and development programs must focus on
finding solutions in terms of increasing productivity,
broaden harvesting time of crops and increase farmers’
profitability.
29. New varieties should be introduced. Seedless varieties of
some new horticultural crops such as persimmon, cherries,
strawberry, lychee and others have already been introduced
and established as commercial crops.
Potential new crops should be identified; especially high
value horticultural crops suitable for local climatic
conditions.
Biotechnology as a tool for rapid multiplication of quality
planting material, virus cleaning, genetic transformation,
have significant potential but requires capacity building and
safeguard procedures to be developed.
30. Skill development through in-service training at different
R&D institutions can enhance capabilities of extension
staff.
Postgraduate programs in fruits, vegetables, floriculture,
medicinal and spices crops and post harvest management
should help providing skilled human resource for the
horticulture industry.
Such programs should be initiated in agriculture
universities and research institutes in all provinces.
Skilled labor should be attracted and retained through
competitive minimum wages for the agricultural labor and
the development of industry vocational training programs
31. Intensification and diversification of farm mechanization by
ensuring easy access of the farmers to essential horticultural
machinery
Its efficient and optimal use by incentivizing the private sector for
opening machinery leasing/hiring outlets in villages
Federal Government should exempt the duties and surcharge on
import of horticulture machinery like grading units, cold storage
chambers, greenhouses and trickle irrigation accessories such as
micro-tubes, mini sprinkler and bubblers for interested
businessmen
Expansion and modernization of local machinery manufacturing by
providing them training, incentives and technical/financial support
to produce horticultural implements as per international standards
32. Limited availability of true to type root stock is the
biggest handicap in establishing state of art fruit and
vegetables nurseries in the country
State should promote the establishment of such
nurseries by providing appropriate legislative cover,
financial support and technical guidance
All nurseries must work according to the approved
nursery protocol, developed in consultation with
technical experts and stakeholders
Only registered nurseries should be eligible for
support and facilities offered by the government
33. There are various estimates of production losses due to
non-use of appropriate chemicals by the farmers
Ignorance, fear and costs of using are the general reasons
for this neglect
There is need to create awareness among the farmers for
judicious use of chemicals for reducing the production
losses
There are eco friendly measures to reduce this loss for
those who are excessively conscious of use of chemical
inputs
34. Water was already scarce but its scarcity is becoming
acute due to its increased demand, misuse, wastage
and climate change.
There is thus need to rationalize its use even for
farming purposes where it is wasted the most.
New water saving techniques and technologies have
provided hope for mitigating its impact
Innovative methods such as rain water harvesting
and recycling of sewage water for kitchen gardening
need to be encouraged
35. The sector is informal and profit margin is low which
has diverted investment to other sectors
Lack of financial resources and high interest rates of
financial services available ,at the disposal of farmers
is biggest handicaps for its growth
Government should facilitate soft loans for promotion
of horticulture industry for a period of five years
The government should facilitate the stakeholders
involved in horticulture business to access commercial
credit by reducing compliance and transaction costs
37. Provide information to the growers on harvest
technologies of fruits, removal of field heat, grading of
the produce and appropriate packaging.
Post harvest losses must be examined and programs
planned to minimize these losses, when financially
viable, through linking production to agro industrial
transformation and through encouraging private sector
to build cold storages.
The development of appropriate packaging
technologies that minimize product damage.
38. The marketing of horticultural products is supply based
with producers being price takers and receiving lower
prices during high supply periods.
The Government should develop integrated value chains
with producers and producer groups as an integral
component of these value chains.
The building of contract farming, collaborative
marketing arrangements with processors etc be
prioritized
Market information system should be established
including price-clearing houses of agricultural
commodities in provincial/federal capital.
39. Government should promote public-private
partnerships and provide incentives/ support for value
addition and value creation through development of:
Environment-friendly packaging/ packaging industry
Cold chain infrastructure
Wholesale market infrastructure
Fruit and vegetable processing and dehydration industry
Integrated pest management industry and services
Organic and herbal/ medicinal crop production/processing
Enhanced quality should be enforced in accordance with
World Trade Organization’s (WTO) requirements
40. Horticulture production should be based on quality that will
promote exports for which accredited quality control and
testing laboratories must be established to certify quality of
the produce for exports and in the domestic market.
A coherent sanitary and phyto sanitary (SPS) management
system for strong coordination and effective interaction
between various departments involved in inspection, testing
and other related activities should be facilitated
The regulations and procedures of export and import of
horticulture industry commodities should be reformed to
reduce compliance and transaction costs as part of
achieving efficiency gains
41. Besides increasing the production of indigenous fruits and
vegetables, we have to diversify our horticultural portfolio
by promoting the cultivation of exotic fruits and vegetables
which are in demand at global level
This is a centuries old process and is continuing all over the
world. We will not face much problems as our terrain and
climate suitable for production of variety of exotic
horticultural products
We need the services of marketing people and researchers
to find those products which are globally trades and can be
grown here from agronomic point
Organic farming is another niche area which needs to be
exploited by providing appropriate legal framework and
proper incentives and support should be promoted
42. Production relations relate to the way land is owned,
cultivated and crops are disposed of
In Pakistan only two types of production relations are in
vogue i.e. owner cultivation and tenant cultivation
We need to also promote three other modes which are
essential for modernising our horticultural
transformation –cooperative, contract and corporate
These are in operation in some areas but with limited
success. Time has come to provide a comprehensive
legal framework and institutional mechanism to
streamline these production relations
43. Formulation of comprehensive Land Use Policy
Improving Rural Infrastructure
Environmental Sustainability
Creating Linkages and promoting Investment
Gender Mainstreaming
Rural Non-farm Sector
44. Developing a national land use policy for rational use of
land resources is the need of the day as valuable arable
land is being converted for non-farming purposes at
alarming rates
Add to it the declining fertility of our agricultural lands
due to non sustainable agricultural practices plus the
degradation of our lands due to water logging and
salinity going on for decades, a negative side effect of
our irrigation practices
Lastly we are misusing our scarce land resources as we
are cultivating crops on lands extremely suitable for
horticultural use
All these issues needed to be addressed by formulating
a long term comprehensive land use policy by the
government
45. Government should facilitate developing modern
infrastructure (wholesale markets, pack houses, cold
stores, reefer containers) under public - private
partnerships led and managed by the private sector
All-out efforts should be made for the improvement of
infrastructure like roads for the safe transportation of
horticulture commodities
The focus should be on developing airport facilities for
wide bodied cargo planes to land at airports in the
main production areas, improving handling facilities at
ports providing one window operation and establishing
of effective and viable cold chain development
46. There is an urgent need to create awareness among the farmers about the
looming threat of climate change/environmental degradation and
popularizing the good sustainable agricultural practices among them
We will have to synchronise the extension services of the provincial
agricultural departments and marketing outlets of the private agro services
providers to promote environment friendly practices
Government should promulgation legislation for stopping of practices
aggravating the threat of climate change and allocate resources for carrying
out research to develop varieties responsive to climate change
They need to look into adjusting the cropping pattern and fine-tuning the
planting and harvesting schedules, practicing crop rotation and diversifying
crop mix
47. Recent growth has wrought enormous environmental
destruction in India.
In a recently released report commissioned by the
Indian government, the World Bank estimates that
environmental degradation annually costs India a
horrific 5.7 percent of GDP.
This shaves off almost all of the annual six percent per
capita GDP growth recorded between 2000-01 and
2010-11. Outdoor pollution alone kills 1.16 lakh people
every year.
Almost a quarter of India’s child deaths can be
attributed to inadequate availability of clean water and
sanitation, itself related to environmental degradation.
48. Government should not only allocate substantial
funds for investment in the rural areas but also
provide necessary legal framework and proper fiscal
and financial incentives to encourage private sector
for investing in critical areas
Government should invest in improving the rural
infrastructure, skill formation, research institutions
and establishment of common facilitation centers
It should encourage the private sector to come
forward in cool chain, storage and reefer containers
value addition and scientific modern processing and
new technologies
49. All the non-crop agricultural activities provide excellent
opportunities for accelerated gender mainstreaming
Even presently women play an important role in
livestock husbandry, poultry farming, dairy production
and horticultural cultivation
Targeted attention to create gender balance through
skill formation, awareness campaign, financial
assistance and technical support can yield handsome
dividends in short period
It will also help government in its efforts to reduce
poverty, bulk of which is in the rural areas
50. Agricultural sector in general and horticultural sector in particular
cannot grow to its full potential unless the rural non farm sector
develop along with its formal farm sector
Sustained growth of the rural economy lies in the development of
efficient and effective agri-based supply chains that link the
agriculture sector with their corresponding upstream and downstream
links in the rural non-farm (RNF) to the national and international
markets
RNF provides 40-60% of incomes/jobs in rural areas, much of its
activity occurs in the trading, services and processing sector having
strong forward and backward linkages with agriculture
Informal and low capital using entities catering mostly to domestic
markets, RNF presents opportunities for providing value addition to
primary production at the farm level
51. Pakistan has a great potential to increase its horticultural
production by bringing in new areas under cultivation of
horticultural products, introducing new exotic products in its
horticultural portfolio, improving the productivity, adding value
and increasing its exports
In order to do so it will have to put more resources in research
and development, extension, improving marketing infrastructure
improving processing etc
This demands lot of resources which can be provided by the
private sector ,local and foreign, if we fine-tune our legal
framework supported by appropriate institutional mechanism and
added by a strict dispute resolution mechanism