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WHAT IS AN ELEMENT?
A substance which canā€™t be separated or divided into a
  different substance by normal chemical means.

Each has characteristic properties. Humans have been
 learning about the elements for a long time.
FAMOUS GUYS IN THE HISTORY OF
CHEMISTRY
       Hammurabi ā€“ 1700 BC Babylonian king wrote
        of metals and heavenly bodies (but was
        most famous for his ā€•codeā€– of laws)

       Democritus ā€“ 450 BC Ancient Greek said
        atoms are the simplest form of matter

       Aristotle -- 300 BC Ancient Greek philosopher
         wrote of 4 elementsā€”earth, fire, water, air.
         (Did not believe in atoms)
FAMOUS GUYS IN THE HISTORY OF
CHEMISTRY,    CONTINUED


       In the early 1800s, chemists began to combine
         elements to form new substances; they
         especially noted the quantities of elements
         combining together.

       Dalton observed:
         8 lbs Oxygen combined with 1 lb Hydrogen     9 lbs water
         5 lbs Nitrogen combined with 1 lb Hydrogen   6 lbs Ammonia
       He concluded that elements combined in mass ratios.
FAMOUS GUYS IN THE HISTORY OF
CHEMISTRY,  CONTINUED




        Gay-Lussac observed that:
        Hydrogen combined with Oxygen in a ratio of 2:1 by VOLUME   to
          form Water (now known as H2O)

        Nitrogen and Oxygen combined in a ratio of 1:1 by VOLUME
              to form Nitrous Oxide (NO, used in anesthesia)


        He concluded that elements combine in volume ratios
FAMOUS GUYS IN THE HISTORY OF
CHEMISTRY,   CONTINUED




        Joseph Proust ā€“ 100 lbs of copper combined with acid and
           carbonates always yielded     180 pounds of green carbonate.


        In 1799 he proposed the
          Law of Definite Proportions:
          elements combine in definite ratios when
          forming compounds

        He also proved that grape sugar is the same as the sugar in honey.
TEST YOURSELF
1.   The first guy to come up with the idea of atoms was:
     A) Aristotle B) John Dalton C) Democritus D) Joseph Proust




                       C) Democritus
TEST YOURSELF

2. The first guy to notice elements combining in ratios by mass was:
     A) Aristotle B) John Dalton C) Democritus D) Joseph Proust




                                 John Dalton
               He noticed that 9 pounds of water was made of 8
                 pounds of oxygen and 1 pound of hydrogen
TEST YOURSELF
3. The first guy to notice elements combined in ratios by volume was:
     A) Aristotle B) John Dalton C) Democritus D) Gay-Lussac




                             Gay-Lussac

                 He noticed that hydrogen and oxygen
                   always combined in a ratio of 2:1
                       by volume to make water

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Law of definite proportion by natasha

  • 1.
  • 2. WHAT IS AN ELEMENT? A substance which canā€™t be separated or divided into a different substance by normal chemical means. Each has characteristic properties. Humans have been learning about the elements for a long time.
  • 3. FAMOUS GUYS IN THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY Hammurabi ā€“ 1700 BC Babylonian king wrote of metals and heavenly bodies (but was most famous for his ā€•codeā€– of laws) Democritus ā€“ 450 BC Ancient Greek said atoms are the simplest form of matter Aristotle -- 300 BC Ancient Greek philosopher wrote of 4 elementsā€”earth, fire, water, air. (Did not believe in atoms)
  • 4. FAMOUS GUYS IN THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY, CONTINUED In the early 1800s, chemists began to combine elements to form new substances; they especially noted the quantities of elements combining together. Dalton observed: 8 lbs Oxygen combined with 1 lb Hydrogen 9 lbs water 5 lbs Nitrogen combined with 1 lb Hydrogen 6 lbs Ammonia He concluded that elements combined in mass ratios.
  • 5. FAMOUS GUYS IN THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY, CONTINUED Gay-Lussac observed that: Hydrogen combined with Oxygen in a ratio of 2:1 by VOLUME to form Water (now known as H2O) Nitrogen and Oxygen combined in a ratio of 1:1 by VOLUME to form Nitrous Oxide (NO, used in anesthesia) He concluded that elements combine in volume ratios
  • 6. FAMOUS GUYS IN THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY, CONTINUED Joseph Proust ā€“ 100 lbs of copper combined with acid and carbonates always yielded 180 pounds of green carbonate. In 1799 he proposed the Law of Definite Proportions: elements combine in definite ratios when forming compounds He also proved that grape sugar is the same as the sugar in honey.
  • 7. TEST YOURSELF 1. The first guy to come up with the idea of atoms was: A) Aristotle B) John Dalton C) Democritus D) Joseph Proust C) Democritus
  • 8. TEST YOURSELF 2. The first guy to notice elements combining in ratios by mass was: A) Aristotle B) John Dalton C) Democritus D) Joseph Proust John Dalton He noticed that 9 pounds of water was made of 8 pounds of oxygen and 1 pound of hydrogen
  • 9. TEST YOURSELF 3. The first guy to notice elements combined in ratios by volume was: A) Aristotle B) John Dalton C) Democritus D) Gay-Lussac Gay-Lussac He noticed that hydrogen and oxygen always combined in a ratio of 2:1 by volume to make water