The document provides an overview of Latin case declensions and their uses. It begins by defining the nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, and ablative cases. It then provides examples of how these cases are used with nouns and adjectives. The document also reviews the fourth and fifth declensions and includes vocabulary related to these concepts.

1. Latin Review II

2. Cases Review
Nominative = Subject
Genitive = Possessive ( -’s), Partitive (portion, half of the pizza)
Dative = Indirect Object
*Accusative = Direct Object ; motion to or toward
*Ablative = Separation, Indirection, Motion away from ; by, with, from
Vocative = Addressing someone
*only Acc and Abl can
take prepositions

3. examples!
1.) “bonus puer”
puer: subject, nominative
bonus: agrees with puer, nominative
2.) “ambulat ad forum”
forum: motion toward & ‘ad’ = accusative

4. Fourth Declension
Masculine and Feminine
case singular plural
Nominative -us -us
Genitive -us -uum
Dative -ui -ibus
Accusative -um -us
Ablative -u -ibus

5. Fourth Declension
Neuter
case singular plural
Nominative -u -ua
Genitive -us -uum
Dative -ui -ibus
Accusative -u -ua
Ablative -u -ibus

6. Fourth Declension
examples: manus, casus, gradus, versus, vultus
case singular plural
Nominative gradus gradus
Genitive gradus graduum
Dative gradui gradibus
Accusative gradum gradus
Ablative gradu gradibus

7. Fifth Declension
case singular plural
Nominative -es -es
Genitive -ei -erum
Dative -ei -ebus
Accusative -em -es
Ablative -e -ebus

8. Fifth Declension
examples: res
case singular plural
Nominative res res
Genitive rei rerum
Dative rei rebus
Accusative rem res
Ablative re rebus

9. Chapter 17 Vocab
verbs
Adverbs
sum, esse
deinde
supero, supare, superavi
enim
discedo, discedere, discessi,
igitur
lego, legere, legi,
tamen
credo, credere, credidi
promitto, promittere, promisi
adjectives
efficio, efficere, effeci
candidus, -a, -um
optimus, -a, -um
nouns
pessimus, -a, -um
hora, -ae (f)
verus, -a, -um
pecunia, -ae (f)
vera dicere
divitae, -arum (f, pl)
gravis, grave
candidatus, -i (m)
numerus, -i (m)
oratio, orationis (f)
orationem habere
vulnus, vulneris (n)

10. verbs
Chapter 17 Vocab
sum, esse = I am Adverbs
supero, supare, superavi = I overcome deinde = then, next
discedo, discedere, discessi = I go away, depart enim = for
lego, legere, legi, = I read igitur = and so, therefore
credo, credere, credidi = I believe, trust tamen =however, but
promitto, promittere, promisi = I promise
efficio, efficere, effeci = I effect, carry adjectives
candidus, -a, -um = white
nouns optimus, -a, -um = best
hora, -ae (f) = hour pessimus, -a, -um = worst
pecunia, -ae (f) = money, riches verus, -a, -um = true
divitae, -arum (f, pl) = riches vera dicere = to speak the truth
candidatus, -i (m) = candidate gravis, grave = heavy, serious
numerus, -i (m) = number
oratio, orationis (f) = speech
orationem habere = to make a speech
vulnus, vulneris (n) = wound

11. Chapter 18 Vocab nouns
Verbs lacrima, -ae
absum, abesse, afui + abl. silva, -ae
disco, discere, didici annus, -i
fleo, flere, flevi ignis, ignis
ineo, inire, inii iter, itineris
transeo, transire, transii, tempus, temporis
studeo, studere, studui + dat. ver, veris
valere iubeo dies, diei
vendo, vendere, vendidi
conspicio, conspicere, conspexi prepositions
sine + abl
adjectives
longus, -a, -um adverbs
longe adhuc
tam

12. Chapter 18 Vocab
nouns
Verbs lacrima, -ae = tear
absum, abesse, afui + abl. = I am away from silva, -ae = forest
disco, discere, didici = I learn annus, -i = year
fleo, flere, flevi = I weep ignis, ignis = fire
ineo, inire, inii = I enter, begin iter, itineris = journey
transeo, transire, transii, = I cross tempus, temporis = time
studeo, studere, studui + dat. = I study ver, veris = spring
valere iubeo = I bid goodbye to dies, diei = day
vendo, vendere, vendidi = I sell
conspicio, conspicere, conspexi = I catch sight of prepositions
sine + abl = without
adjectives
longus, -a, -um = long adverbs
longe = far adhuc = still
tam = so

13. Chapter 19 Vocab
verbs nouns
ago, agere, egi aedificium, -i
claudo, claudere, clausi vestimenta, -orum
aperio, aperire, aperui Iuppiter, Iovis
apertus, -a, -um
adverbs
continuo
adjectives
huc...illuc
altus, -a, -um
paene
confectus, -a, -um
ubique
invitus, -a, -um
medius, -a, -um preposition
sacer, sacra, sacrum extra + acc.
vacuus, -a, -um
difficilis, difficile conjunction
ubi

14. Chapter 19 Vocab
nouns
verbs
aedificium, -i = building
ago, agere, egi = I do; I drive
vestimenta, -orum = clothes
claudo, claudere, clausi = I shut
Iuppiter, Iovis = Jupiter
aperio, aperire, aperui = I open
apertus, -a, -um = open adverbs
continuo =immediately
adjectives huc...illuc = this way and that
altus, -a, -um = high paene = nearly
confectus, -a, -um = finished ubique = everywhere
invitus, -a, -um = unwilling
medius, -a, -um = middle preposition
sacer, sacra, sacrum = sacred extra + acc. = outside
vacuus, -a, -um = empty
difficilis, difficile = difficult conjunction
ubi = where, when

15. Chapter 20
verbs
appello, appellare, appellavi
recito, recitare, recitavi
rideo, ridere, risi
adjectives, adverbs
induo, induere, indui
rectus, -a, -um
intellego, intellegere, intellexi
recte
nouns severus, -a, -um
poeta, -ae, facilis, facile
gratiae, -arum facile
gratias ago + dat.
schola, -ae
discipulus, -i
liber, libri
gradus, gradus
manus, manus
versus, versus,
vultus, vultus

16. verbs
Chapter 20
appello, appellare, appellavi = I call (by name)
recito, recitare, recitavi = I recite, read aloud
rideo, ridere, risi = I laugh
induo, induere, indui = I put on
intellego, intellegere, intellexi = I understand
adjectives, adverbs
nouns rectus, -a, -um = straight
poeta, -ae, = poet recte = rightly, correctly
gratiae, -arum = thanks severus, -a, -um = severe
gratias ago + dat. = I thank facilis, facile = easy
schola, -ae = school, schoolroom
facile = easily
discipulus, -i = pupil
liber, libri = book
gradus, gradus = step
manus, manus = hand
versus, versus, = verse
vultus, vultus = face, expression

17. Chapter 21
nouns
epistola, -ae
dominus, -i
Verbs atrium, -i
salve, salvete!
ingenium, -i
sino, sinere, sivi
studium, -i
viso, visere, visi
studium, -i
conficio, conficere, confeci
tablinum, -i
intersum, interesse, interfui + dat.
aedes, aedium,
orator, oratoris
adjectives
soror, sororis
clarus, -a, -um
dies, diei
ingeniosus, -a, -um
meridies, meridiei
latus, -a, -um
cotidie
res, rei
adverbs
praeterea respublica, reipublicae
re vera
pronoun spes, spei
aliquis, alquid

18. Chapter 21 nouns
Verbs epistola, -ae = letter
salve, salvete! = greetings! dominus, -i = master
sino, sinere, sivi = I allow atrium, -i = hall
viso, visere, visi = I visit ingenium, -i = character, talents
conficio, conficere, confeci = I finish
studium, -i = study
intersum, interesse, interfui + dat. = I am among, I take part in
tablinum, -i = study (the room)
aedes, aedium, = house
adjectives
orator, oratoris = orator, speaker
clarus, -a, -um = clear, bright, famous
soror, sororis = sister
ingeniosus, -a, -um = talented, clever
latus, -a, -um = wide, broad dies, diei = day
meridies, meridiei = midday
adverbs cotidie = every day
praeterea = moreover res, rei = thing, matter, property
respublica, reipublicae = the republic
pronoun re vera = in truth, in fact, really
aliquis, alquid = aliquis, aliquid spes, spei = hope

19. Chapter 22 nouns
turba, -ae
ludi, -orum
signum, -i
verbs
vesper, vesperis
spero, sperare, speravi casus, casus
volo, volare, volavi currus, cursus
faveo, favere, favi + dat
pareo, parere, parui + dat. adjectives
frango, frangere, fregi contentus, -a, -um
perdo, perdere, perdidi fractus, -a, -um
rapio, rapere, rapui maximus, -a, -um
plurimus, -a, -um
adverb nobilis, nobile
quo? talis, tale
vetus, veteris

20. Chapter 22 nouns
turba, -ae = crowd
ludi, -orum (m. pl.) = the games
signum, -i = sign, signal
verbs vesper, vesperis = evening
spero, sperare, speravi = I hope
casus, casus = mishap, misfortune
volo, volare, volavi = I fly
currus, cursus = running; a course
faveo, favere, favi + dat = I favor, support
pareo, parere, parui + dat. = I obey
adjectives
frango, frangere, fregi = I break
contentus, -a, -um = content
perdo, perdere, perdidi = I lose, destroy
fractus, -a, -um = broken
rapio, rapere, rapui = I snatch, steal
maximus, -a, -um = greatest, very great
plurimus, -a, -um = very man
adverb
nobilis, nobile = noble, famous
quo? = where to?
talis, tale = such
vetus, veteris = old (veteran

21. Imperfect Tense!
I was verbing -bam
You were verbing -bas
(s)he was verbing -bat
we were verbing -bamus
you all you averbing
were -batis
they were verbing -bant

22. Imperfect Examples
I was preparing parabam
You were preparing parabas
(s)he was preparing parabat
we were preparing parabamus
you a were
all parabatis
preparing preparing
they were parabant

23. Imperfect Irregular Sum
I was eram
You were eras
(s)he was erat
we were eramus
you a were
all eratis
preparing
they were erant

24. Perfect Tense!
I verbed –i
You verbed -isti
(s)he verbed -it
we verbed -imus
you you a
all verbed -istis
they verbed -erunt

25. Perfect Stems
Take the stem from the THIRD PRINCIPAL PART and add the endings
First Conjugation Verbs Third Conjugation Verbs
-are verbs consonant verbs
ex. paro, parare; voco, vocare ex. regere, rexi
stem: parav-, vocav- stem: rex-
Second Conjugation Verbs Fourth Conjugation Verbs -i verbs
-e verbs ex. audio, audire
ex. monere, monui stem: audiv-
stem: monu-

26. Examples of Perfect Verbs
I prepared paravi I ruled rexi
You prepared paravisit You ruled rexisti
(s)he prepared paravit (s)he ruled rexit
we prepared paravimus we ruled reximus
you a prepared
you all you a ruled
you all rexistis
paravistis
preparing preparing
they ruled rexerunt
they prepared paraverunt
I warned monui I heard audivi
You warned monuisti You heard audivisti
(s)he warned monuit (s)he heard audivit
we warned monuimus we heard audivimus
you a warned
you all monuistis you a heard
you all audivistis
preparing
they warned monuerunt preparing
they heard audiverunt

27. Pluperfect
perfect stem + sum imperfect
I had been preparing paraveram I had been ruling rexeram
you ... paraveras You .... rexeras
(s)he... paraverat (s)he .... rexerat
we ... paraveramus we .... rexeramus
you a you a ....
you all ... paraveratis you all rexeratis
preparing
they .... paraverant they .... rexerant
I had been warning monueram I had been hearing audiveram
You ... monueras You .... audiveras
(s)he ... monuerat (s)he .... audiverat
we .... monueramus we .... audiveramus
you a .... you a
you all monueratis you .... audiveratis
preparing
they.... monuerant they .... audiverant

28. Sum Pluperfect!
I had been fueram
You had been fueras
(s)he been fuerat
we had been fueramus
you a
you had been fueratis
they had been fuerant

29. Happy Studying!