The document describes a Latin square experiment conducted to compare six feed compositions (A, B, C, D, E, F) for honey production. Bees were fed the different compositions using different methods as rows, and bee types were used as columns. The experiment measured honey gain. ANOVA and post hoc tests found the method, bee type, and feed composition all significantly affected honey gain. Method 6, bee type 6, and composition B produced the most honey and are recommended for farmers.

1. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Latin Square Design (LS)
Group 5
 SITI NORHAJAR BINTI ZAKARIA UK 28316
 TENGKU MURIANA BINTI TENGKU AZMAN UK 28331
 SITI NUR ADILA BINTI HAMZAH UK 28361
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 FARAH NABILA BINTI ALI UK 28380

2. Content List of Presentation
1) The research Problem
2) Treatments and Explanations
3) Field Layout of Experimental Designs
4) Step-by-step Procedures of Experimental Designs
5) ANOVA Table
6) Hypothesis Testing (Null Hypothesis)
7) Conclusions of Hypothesis Testing
8) Post Hoc Test (i.e. Turkey Test)
9) Result & Discussion (Give some logical Reasons)
10) Summary
11) Recommendations

3. RESEARCH PROBLEM
A Latin square experiment is conducted to compare six composition of feed for producing honey.
The feed composition (A, B, C, D and E) will be with normal composition (F). The experiment units
are bees and the bee types will be used as columns and the way how to feed the bees (methods)
was used as rows. One of the measured parameter is honey gain due to feed. Using P=0.01 and
P=0.05 as the level of significance, the null hypothesis is stating that the feeds have no different
effects on honey gain. The data (honey gain in ml/plot) are given as follow:
Table 5. Amount of honey production (ml/plot)
Methods (Rows) Bee types (columns)
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6
M1 62
(A)
84
(B)
62
(C)
66
(D)
73
(E)
105
(F)
M2 86
(B)
92
(F)
69
(D)
65
(C)
81
(A)
84
(E)
M3 64
(C)
71
(D)
70
(E)
90
(F)
101
(B)
93
(A)
M4 69
(D)
77
(A)
97
(F)
72
(E)
82
(C)
115
(B)
M5 74
(E)
73
(C)
79
(A)
102
(B)
112
(F)
95
(D)
M6 102
(F)
84
(E)
111
(B)
88
(A)
94
(D)
104
(C)

4. LAYOUT OF LATIN AQUARE DESIGN
A
B
C
D
E
F
B C
D
E
F A
D
C
F
E
D
E
F
B
A
A B
E
C
F
A
B
C
D
F
A
B
C
D
E
Bee types (Column)
Method (row)

5. ENTERING DATA

6. SELECT
ANALYZE -> GENERAL LINEAR MODEL -> UNIVARIATE

7. SELECT THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE AND THREE
FACTORS –ROWS, COLUMNS, TREATMENTS
SELECT MODEL

8. IDENTIFY A MODEL THAT HAS ONLY MAIN
EFFECTS FOR ROWS, COLUMNS, TREATMENTS

9. THE ANOVA TABLE PRODUCED BY SPSS

10. Hypothesis Testing (Null Hypothesis)
From the table is obtained sig of method, bee types and
treatment.
Method : sig.= 0.000
Bee types : sig = 0.000
Treatment : sig. = 0.000
Significance level = 0.01 for method, bee types and
treatment.

11. HYPOTHESIS FOR METHODS
H0: there are no significantly different among any of the methods
(µ1 = µ2 = ….. = µn)
H1: at least , one method is significantly different from the others
 If the significance obtained > 0.01 , H0 is received
 If the significance obtained < 0.01, H0 is rejected
For methods: sig = 0.000
That means: 0.000 < 0.01, so H0 is rejected (H1 is received).
In other word: at least , one method is very significantly
different from the others. Its means that at least, there is one
method which can affect to the honey production.

12. HYPOTHESIS FOR BEE TYPES
H0: there are no significantly different among any of the bee types
(µ1 = µ2 = ….. = µn)
H1: at least , one bee type is significantly different from the others
 If the significance obtained > 0.01 , H0 is received
 If the significance obtained < 0.01, H0 is rejected
For bee types: sig = 0.000
That means: 0.000 < 0.01, so H0 is rejected (H1 is received).
In other word: at least , one bee types is very significantly
different from the others. Its means that at least, there is one
bee types which can affect to the honey production.

13. HYPOTHESIS FOR TREATMENTS
H0: there are no significantly different among any of the treatment
(µ1 = µ2 = ….. = µn)
H1: at least , one treatment is significantly different from the others
 If the significance obtained > 0.01, H0 is received
 If the significance obtained < 0.01, H0 is rejected
For fishermen: sig = 0.000
That means: 0.000 < 0.01, so H0 is rejected (H1 is received).
In other word: at least , one treatment is very significantly
different from the others. Its means that at least, there is one
treatment which can affect to the honey production.

14. CONCLUSION FOR HYPOTHESIS
TESTING
• The increasing amount of honey production is
caused by different use of method, bee types
and treatment.
• Different use of method, bee types and
treatment did influence the increasing
amount of honey production.
• It can be conclude that different method, bee
types and treatment can affect the production
of honey.

15. POST HOC TEST OPTION BUTTON

16. POST HOC TEST FOR METHODS

17. Homogeneous Subset for Methods

18. Method Mean
1 75.33±16.753a
2 79.50±10.407b
3 81.50±15.057bc
4 85.33±17.558cd
5 89.17±16.216d
6 97.17±10.284e
Means with the same superscript within the each
column are not significantly different at 1% level
(p<0.01)
Different methods for gaining honey production

19. Analysis for Method
• From the Post Hoc table, all method except
method 3-4 and 4-5 have sig < 0.01, that
means that they have very significant different
to the honey production.
• From the Post Hoc table obtained, for sig
values 0.016 (sig > 0.01) for method 3-4 and
4-5 and sig values 0.419 (sig > 0.01) for
method 2-3 have no significantly different
effect to the production of honey.

20. POST HOC TEST FOR BEE TYPES

21. Homogeneous Subset Bee types

22. Bee types Mean
1 76.17±15.289a
2 80.17±7.935ab
4 80.50±15.043b
3 81.33±18.896b
5 90.50±14.516c
6 99.33±10.893d
Means with the same superscript within the each
column are not significantly different at 1% level
(p<0.01)
Different Bee types for gaining honey production

23. Analysis of Post Hoc Test for Bee Types
• From the Post Hoc table, all bee types except
bee types 2-3, 2-4 and 4-3 have sig < 0.01, that
means that they have very significant different
to the honey production.
• From the Post Hoc table obtained, for sig
values (sig > 0.01), that means bee types 2-3,
2-4 and 4-3 have no significantly different
effect to the production of honey.

24. POST HOC TEST FOR TREATMENT

25. Homogeneous Subset for Treatment

26. Treatments Mean
C 75.00±16.025a
E 76.17±6.210ab
D 77.33±13.397ab
A 80.00±10.658b
F 99.67±8.311c
B 99.83±12.671c
Means with the same superscript within the each
column are not significantly different at 1% level
(p<0.01)
Different treatments for gaining honey production

27. Analysis of Post Hoc Test for Treatment
• From the Post Hoc table, all treatment except
treatment A-E, A-C, A-D, B-F, C-D, C-E, and D-E
have sig < 0.01, that means that they have very
significant different to the honey production.
• From the Post Hoc table obtained, for sig values
0.016 (sig > 0.01), that means treatment A-E have
no significantly different effect to the production
of honey. Meanwhile, for treatment A-C, A-D, B-
F, C-D, C-E and D-E have sig > 0.01, that means
these treatments have no significantly different
effect to the honey production.

28. Result and Discussion
• Based on post hoc table, we can conclude that the most effective
method, bee types and treatment that give higher production of
honey are method 6, bee types 6 and treatment B.
• Method 6 is most effective because the method used is more
convenient way to give proper feed amount to the bees and does
not disturb the bees during the production of honey.
• For bee types 6 , it is the most suitable to increase the production
of honey because this type of bees have many breeding or have
large in number so they can produce more honey.
• Whereas, for treatment B, it is the most effective because the feed
composition contain many nutrition value and high quality of feed
that can help the bees to produce more honey.

29. Recommendations
• Based on our research, we recommend that the
farmer should use Method 6, Bee Types 6 and
Treatment B to increase the amount of honey
production (ml/plot) because Method 6 is more
convenient way to give the proper feed amount
and Bee types 6 have more breeds or large
number compared to the other and treatment B
contain much more nutritional value, high quality
and have most suitable combination of nutrient
supply for production of honey.

30. THANK YOU!!!