This document discusses the use of lasers in gynecology. It notes that the CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers are most useful, with CO2 lasers used for colposcopic procedures and superficial surgeries, and Nd:YAG lasers used for deep coagulation due to its crystalline structure. Lasers work by preferentially absorbing in tissues, boiling cells and vaporizing them. They are used to treat conditions like endometriosis, fibroids, ectopic pregnancy, ovarian cysts, and various precancers. While effective, lasers also have limitations like cost, technical complexity, and safety hazards like visual loss and skin damage if precautions are not followed.

1. Lasers In
Gynaecology
Venkat Sashank

2. LASER
Light amplification by stimulated
emission of radiation

3.  Lasers used in both conventional and endoscopic and
microsurgical procedures
 Most useful lasers in gynecology are CO2 and ND YAG
LASER
 CO2 laser are useful colposcopic procedures and during
laparotomy and it is safe for minimal depth surgeries
 Nd YAG laser is mainly used for deep coagulation and Nd
is active medium and YAG is solid with good crystalline
strength

4. Physical Properties Of Laser
 Monochromacity-:light beam of particular lasers have
same wavelength
 Coherent-:light wave are all perfectly aligned and are
unidirectional
 Collimated-:light beam run parallel
and do not diverge

5.  Laser beam can be converged by convex lens to a sharp
focus in the form of spot
 Smaller the spot size greater the power density

6. TISSUE AND LASER INTERACTION
 On exposure of cell to laser the water in the cells gets
boiled to 100*c then the cell explodes and vapourizes
 Preferential absorption of laser from one tissue to other
occurs

7. USES OF LASERS IN GYNECOLOGY
 1. Endometriosis-:
 They are particularly effective in treatment of
endometriosis because of precision and coagulative
capacity
 Advanced laporoscopic surgery
with co2 laser is more efficient in
treating infertile women with minimal
to mild endometriosis

8. 2. FIBROIDS
It is treated by Myomectomy
Laser can be used for both laproscopic myomectomy and
conventional open myomectomy

9.  3. Ectopic pregnancy
laproscopic linear salpingostomy is ideal treatment
for ectopic pregnancy
Incision on the tube is given by the lasers
laser provide advantage of providing haemostasis as it
cuts along the length of tube
From the incision the products of the conception are
removed and the incisioin is left to heal by itself

10.  4.Ovarian cysts
 5.Poly cystic ovary disease
 6.Photodyanamic therapy
 7.Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia
 8.Vulval intraepithelial neoplasia

11. LIMITATIONS OF LASER
 Expensive equipment
 Technical complexity
 Hazards of laser

12. HAZARDS OF
LASER
VISUAL
LOSS
DAMAGE DUE
TO LASER
SMOKE
SKIN
DAMAGE

13. PRECAUTIONS
 Trained person
 Spectacals are to be used to prevent the visual loss
 Skin damage can be prevented by using personal
protective equipment
 Laser smoke should be extracted out and not allowed to
escape
 Strict guidelines should be followed when
lasers are being used

14. THANK YU..!!