This document discusses the linguistic concepts of langue and competence as proposed by Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky respectively. It defines langue as the abstract rules and conventions of a sign system that exists independently of individuals, while competence refers to the internalized linguistic knowledge of native speakers. The key similarities are that both discuss language as a system and are stable and abstract. The main differences are that langue has a social context versus the psychological context of competence, and langue exists prior to individuals while competence exists within their minds.
What is Code switching?
Types of code switching
Example of code switching in print media
Code Mixing
Code Borrowing
Code Switching of Pakistan Languages
Examples from Urdu Text Books & Spoken
What is Code switching?
Types of code switching
Example of code switching in print media
Code Mixing
Code Borrowing
Code Switching of Pakistan Languages
Examples from Urdu Text Books & Spoken
Description of the subsystems of language and how teachers can draw on their knowledge of language and its subsystems to support ELs in their acquisition of language
Description of the subsystems of language and how teachers can draw on their knowledge of language and its subsystems to support ELs in their acquisition of language
There are important terms in linguistics, which should be cleared so I have made these slides to make these terms clear.
If you are interested in linguistics, then you must go through these slides. These are basic terms of linguistics, which help us to understand linguistics.
We all know that nowadays linguistics is becoming emerging field, it has a lot of scope so we should have to study it thoroughly.
ANTH 225-001
American University
Professor Nikki Lane
Source:
2009 Duranti, Alessandro. History, Ideas, Issues. Linguistic Anthropology: A Reader, 2nd Edition. Wiley-Blackwell.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
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The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
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Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
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The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
3. Background
Ferdinend De
Saussure
• A Swiss Linguist
• (1857-1913)
• Modernist
• Social scientist
Noam Chomsky
• American Linguist
• (Born 1928)
• Post Modernist
• Cognitive scientist
4. Definition of Langue
Langue encompasses the abstract, systematic
rules and conventions of a signifying system; it
is independent of, and pre-exists, individual
users.
9. Langue
Same for all speakers
of a language
Led to structuralist
approach
Competence
Differs from speaker to
speaker of the same
language
Led to universality of
grammar
10. Conclusion
Langue along with parole and competence
along with performance form language.
The dichotomies revolutionized the previous
notions of language and led to emergence of
different schools of thought in linguistics.
