This document discusses several key concepts in linguistics and sociolinguistics. It defines a speech community as a group of people who communicate using the same language or language variety. It also discusses Noam Chomsky's approach to language, which focuses on the innate linguistic knowledge possessed by all speakers and the core properties shared across languages. The document contrasts competence (what speakers know) with performance (how language is used) and introduces the concept of communicative competence. It examines the relationship between language and society and how social factors can influence linguistic structures and behaviors.

1. Presented by:
ريم محمد نقاش
عبير عبدالعزيز بالبيد
أروى محمد الزهراني
مريم العتيبي

2.  Is any group of people who are drawn together for a
certain purpose or purpose.
 Is what the members of a particular society speak

3. Knowledge of language
What is a coda? 
 It is the way speakers use to communicate with each
others in speech. When the speaker is bilingual, speak
tow language, he uses tow codes.
*This coda is based on knowledge of language and 
grammar system.
*The role of linguists is studying language knowledge, 
language knowledge is shared. That is, it is possessed
by all speakers. It is abstract.

4. Knowledge of language
Chomsky's approach
Many linguists follow his approach to describe 
language grammar and knowledge.
Linguists should focus on:
a)learn ability of all languages.
b)the characteristic all language share.

5. Knowledge of language

Light foot 
He distinguishes between:
1)I-language (internal language)
It is the mental system which characterize a 
person's linguistic knowledge and is represent
in the brain.
2)E-language (external language)
It is a part of the outside world which is in 
constant flux=change.

6. Knowledge of language
Chomsky differentiates between: 
*Competence
It is what speakers know about their 
language.
*performance 
It is what speakers do with their language, it 
is actual use of language.
Communicative competence 
It is the speakers ability to use what they 
know systematically and appropriately.
It is how to use linguistic knowledge 
correctly.

7. What is socialization?
1)It is our experiences with the outside world.
2)Group membership
3)power:
It is the ability to control events to achieve 
one's aims.
4)Solidarity:
It is the motivation which causes individuals 
to act together for many reason.

8. In history of linguistics it is rare to find
investigations of any language which are
entirely cut off from concurrent investigations
of the history of that language.
That is one of the reason why number of
linguists have found Chomsky’s asocial view of
linguistic theorizing to be a rather sterile type
of activity, since it explicitly reject any concern
for the relationship between a language and
those who use it.

9. Acknowledge that a language is essentially a set
of items.
( Hudson ) calls ( linguistic items ) such :
Entities as sounds.
Words.
Grammatical structures

10. A major of this book is to examine possible
relationship between ( linguistic items ) &
concepts such as power .
Linguistic items are difficult to define. ( ex.)

11. Relationship between language and society:
1* Social structure may either influence or
determine linguistic structure andor behavior.
2* linguistic structure andor behavior may either
influence or determine Social structure .
3* Relationship is that the influence is bi-directional:
language and society may influence
each other.
4*no relationship at all between linguistic
structure & Social structure .

12. Gumperz :
Chambers:

13. The method when we use to study
Sociolinguistics should
encompass
Everything from considering
( who speaks or writes ). What
language or what language or
(what language variety) to whom
and when and what end

14. All our research must be
Motivated by questions that can be
answered in an approved Scientific way.
Those who seek to investigate the
possible relation between
language and society must have
a twofold concern:
They must ask good questions.
They must find the right kinds of data that
bear on those questions .

15. Two kinds of studies:
Micro linguistic studies
Macro linguistic studies