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Language Research Method

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nina s
nina s

The document outlines nine basic research methods and their typical steps: 1. Historical Research aims to reconstruct the past objectively. Key steps include defining the problem, collecting primary and secondary data, and evaluating findings. 2. Descriptive Research systematically describes facts and characteristics of a population. Key steps include defining objectives, designing data collection, collecting data, and reporting results. 3. Developmental Research investigates patterns of growth over time. Key steps include defining the problem, reviewing literature, designing the approach, collecting data, and evaluating results.

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LANGUAGE RESEARCH METHOD
CHARACTERISTICS & STEPS OF NINE BASIC RESEARCH METHODS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Steps of Historical Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2. Descriptive Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Steps of Descriptive Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3. Developmental Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Steps of Developmental Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
4. Case and Field Study Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Steps of Case and Field Study Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
5. Correlational Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Steps of Correlational Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
6. CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE RESEARCH ,[object Object],[object Object]
Steps of Causal-Comparative Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
7. TRUE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Steps of True Experimental Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Steps of True Experimental Research (continued) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
8. QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
9. ACTION RESEARCH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Steps of Action Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
BASIC STEPS IN THE PLANNING AND CONDUCT OF RESEARCH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
THREE CATEGORIES OF VARIABLES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
INTERNAL VALIDITY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1. Contemporary history ,[object Object]
2. Maturation processes ,[object Object]
3. Pretesting Procedures ,[object Object]
4. Measuring instruments ,[object Object]
5. Statistical regression ,[object Object],[object Object]
6. Differential selection of subjects ,[object Object]
7. Differential experimental mortality ,[object Object]
8. Interaction of selection and maturation, selection and history, etc ,[object Object]
EXTERNAL VALIDITY ,[object Object],[object Object]
Threats to representativeness ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1. Interaction effects of selection biases and X ,[object Object]
2. Reactive or interaction effect of pretesting ,[object Object]
3. Reactive effects of experimental procedures. ,[object Object]
4. Multiple-treatment interference ,[object Object]
SOME COMMON SOURCES OF ERROR ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1. THE HALO EFFECT ,[object Object]
2. Rating Errors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3. THE HAWTHORNE EFFECT ,[object Object]
[object Object]
4. THE EXPERIMENTER BIAS EFFECT OR “SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY” IN RESEARCH ,[object Object]
5. THE “JOHN HENRY” EFFECT ,[object Object]
6. THE PLACEBO EFFECT ,[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object]
7. THE POST HOC ERROR ,[object Object]
8. ERROR OF MISPLACED PRECISION ,[object Object]
9. BEWARE OF “TYPICAL” CASE STUDIES ,[object Object]
10. THE LAW OF THE INSTRUMENT ,[object Object]
KARAKTERISTIK PENELITIAN KUALITATIF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Perbedaan Penelitian Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD Linguistic CORPUS (body of data) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Eight Factors Correlated with Speech Diversity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TECHNIQUES FOR COLLECTING DATA / CORPUS

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Language Research Method

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