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1. Language
Codes

2. Hello!
Tell me something that sticks
on your mind from the last
discussion.
Hoping something really sticks tho…
2

3. Objectives
A. differentiate code switching from
linguistic borrowing;
B. give sample sentences/statements
showing code switching and linguistic
borrowing; and
C. Highlight the important roles and danger
of code switching and linguistic borrowing
in everyday communication.
3

4. 4

5. 1. Code Switching
switching back
and forth
between two
languages in the
same sentence,
using both with
fluency

6. 6

7. 2.Lexical Borrowing
using one
primary
language, but
mixing in words
or ideas from
another

8. 8

9. Code Switching
vs.
Lexical Borrowing
9

10. 10
CODE
SWITCHING
LEXICAL
BORROWING
happens at the
sentence/
phrase level
happens at the
individual word
level

11. 11
CODE
SWITCHING
LEXICAL
BORROWING
actively using both
languages. He or she
is, in effect, thinking
bilingually, and using
all the available
language skills for
self-expression.
actively using only
one language, but
has to borrow a
certain word to
express
himself/herself
effectively.

12. 12
CODE SWITCHING LEXICAL BORROWING
This is generally not done in
excitement or confusion, but
rather when the person feels
comfortable in both languages.
Bilinguals are much less likely
to code-switch around people
who they do not recognize as
sharing their languages.
This is frequently done when
a bilingual speaker lacks
the exact word for the
concept he or she wants to
express in the language
being used at the time.

13. How about
CODE MIXING?
- a type of code switching
- switches between two
codes within a single
sentence
- also called intra-sentential
code-switching
- defines a change from one
code to another code
across clauses
13

14. Example of Code Mixing
Example 1. This morning I hantar my baby tu dekat
babysitter tu lah.
✘ (Malay / English bilingual Translation: ‘This morning I took my
baby to the babysitter.’)
Example 2. Sometimes I’ll start a sentence in
English y termino en español.
✘ (English / Spanish bilingual Translation: Sometimes I’ll start a
sentence in English and finish it in Spanish.’)
**hybridization because of the mixing of linguistic elements from
two languages within the same sentence or clause.
14

15. Code Switching with
Taglish and Its Purpose
15

16. “Do you think code
switching is prominent in
the Philippines? Why or
why not?”
16

17. Reasons for Code Switching
17

18. Reasons for Lexical Borrowing
18
a.no available translation from the
target language
b.to avoid confusion in expressing
c.lack suitable words for new concepts
d.lack of creativity
e.to discuss something prohibited in
one’s native language

19. Short Activity:
Give an example statement that
is either Code Switching or Lexical
Borrowing and let your classmates
guess as to what is it.
19

20. 20
Thanks!
Any questions?

21. 21
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