The document provides a comprehensive guide on literary genres, terminology, and concepts for reading and writing analysis. It outlines various genres such as fiction, nonfiction, biography, and highlights important elements like character, setting, plot, and point of view, complete with applications and examples. Additionally, it covers literary devices, author’s purpose, tone, mood, and various techniques to enhance understanding of literature.

1. Reading Terms 1. Get ready with a pen(cil). 2. Decide how you learn best: 3-column notes? Index cards?

2. If you are using 3-column notes: Label your paper: Name, Period, Date, Rdg. terms PP Divide your paper into 3 columns and label them: Term Meaning Application

3. If you are using index cards: Be prepared each day with a pack of index cards Use one card for each term Write the term on the front Write the meaning and application on the back Let’s get started!

4. genre Types of literature Application: Name at least 3 different types of literary genres.

5. genre, kids http://vimeo.com/31332643

6. genre: fiction Fiction is made up, a story that is not real Application: What is the genre called if the fiction story is very realistic ?

7. genre: nonfiction Nonfiction is real, true information Application: What are at least 3 features of nonfiction?

8. genre: biography Biography is a story about someone’s life written by someone else Application: Which of the following is a biography? Explain your answer. Tebow Tough by Parker G. Ville Through My Eyes by Tim Tebow

9. genre: autobiography A story written about someone’s life that they write themselves May be written with an editor Application: Write a title and the author of your own autobiography.

10. genre: fable Fables are stories that teach a lesson, often uses animals Application: Think of the story, “The Boy Who Cried Wolf.” What lesson does this story teach?

11. genre: folktale Folktales are stories told orally and passed down for generations. The original authors are unknown.

12. character An imaginary person/animal/thing in a work of fiction Application: Write your favorite book character.

13. setting Where AND when the story takes place Application: Write the setting of the book you are currently reading.

14. plot The related events in a story The beginning, middle, and end Application: Construct a plot diagram.

15. plot diagram exposition rising action climax falling action resolution

16. resolution How the conflicts are solved in a story and how it ends Application: What happens during the resolution of ‘Cinderella?’

17. climax The most exciting part of a story The point of greatest tension Application: What is the climax of ‘Goldilocks and the Three Bears?’

18. suspense Not knowing what is going to happen next Application: Which movie genre(s) do you think would have a lot of suspense? (Ex: Comedy? Adventure? Drama? Horror?

19. conflict The problem in a story There are 4 main types of conflicts Application: Can you list the 4 main types of conflicts? A character versus… 1. 3. 2. 4.

20. Types of conflicts Write down the four types of conflicts you see in the following video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsfLxsx8lQI&feature=related

21. internal conflict A character(s) is dealing with a problem internally, or with their own emotions Application: Choose a picture and write what the internal conflict could be

22. external conflict A character(s) deals with a problem that is outside of their emotions

23. point of view The perspective a story is told from Application: Can you list the 3 main types of POV?

24. point of views The 3 main points of view are… 1 st person – uses I, we, us, our 3 rd person – uses he, she, they, them 3 rd person omniscient – same as above except the narration is ‘all-knowing’ and as a reader we know their thoughts and feelings

25. POV Application: For each of the following excerpts, write: 1 = 1 st person POV 3 = 3 rd person POV 3O = 3 rd person omniscient

26. 1=1 st 3=3 rd 3O=3 rd omniscient I walked into the dark, cold house. I couldn’t believe this is where my family and I lived for so long. It was now so empty and lonely. Harper was so happy Brett was finally home to give her a bone. ‘Feed me, feed me, feed me!’ thought Harper.

27. 1=1 st 3=3 rd 3O=3 rd omniscient Houston got his bike out of the garage and started down the driveway. The birds chirped and a light warm breeze blew down the street. Jasper couldn’t believe he had failed the test. He had stayed up all night studying! ‘My dad is going to kill me,’ he thought to himself.

28. 1=1 st 3=3 rd 3O=3 rd omniscient “ I hope I meet some friends today,” Jack thought as he walked into the new school. The teacher sat at her desk grading papers while the students worked on a science fair project. One girl walked over to sharpen her pencil.

29. theme Theme is the overall lesson that you learn from a story. Themes DO NOT have character names in them and can be applied to many stories. Applications continued on next two slides.

30. Application: theme Which of the following would be a theme learned from “The Three Little Pigs?” The pig who made his house of brick was the smartest Hard work and planning always pays off Wolves are mean and scary animals

31. Application: theme Which of the following would be a theme learned from “The Tortoise and the Hare?” Persistence wins in the end Those who boast and brag will never win Turtles can beat rabbits sometimes

32. foreshadowing Little hints that predict what is going to happen next Application: Did anyone see Mission Impossible 4 over the break? (Class discussion)

33. flashback When the present setting of the story goes back to tell about something that happened in the past Application: Here is a mnemonic device to help you remember flashback : When a story FLASHES BACK to the past

34. dialogue Conversation in text Use of “quotation marks” Application: Write an example of dialogue between you and someone else.

35. dialect A particular way of speaking depending on where someone is from or their culture http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZUsDGvfRao

36. author’s purpose The reason an author writes something Application: What does P.I.E.S. stand for?

37. author’s purpose cont… P= persuade I= inform E= entertain S= share feelings Application: on the following slide, write if the author’s purpose is to persuade, inform, entertain, or share feelings

38. author’s purpose cont… A newspaper editorial about why you should vote republican A comic book A book report A journal entry An advertisement selling a bicycle A newspaper article “ Diary of a Wimpy Kid”

39. tone and mood Tone- the way an author feels about his/her subject Mood- the way a piece of writing makes the reader feel Application: BrainPop

40. main idea The most important message the author is trying to convey Application: A mnemonic device for remembering m ain i dea is M.I. M ain I dea = M ost I mportant

41. compare and contrast Compare = similar Contrast = differences Application: Use a Venn diagram to compare/contrast elementary and middle schools. Elementary Middle both

42. denotation and connotation D enotation = D ictionary D efinition Connotation = emotional meaning Application: Which word in ( ) has a more positive connotation ? What is the denotation of both words? The present I bought for my grandmother was (inexpensive, cheap).

43. free verse poetry Does not rhyme or follow any rules Application: A mnemonic device for FREE verse poetry is that you are FREE to write whatever you wish!

44. rhyme scheme The pattern of rhyme that a poem has Uses the last word of each line First line of the poem is always given an “a.” If another word rhymes with that word, it gets an “a.” If not, go to the next letter in the alphabet Application: On the next slide, write the rhyme scheme of the poem

45. rhyme scheme cont… I could not, would not, on a boat. I will not, will not, with a goat. I will not eat them in the rain. I will not eat them on a train. Not in the dark! Not in a tree! Not in a car! You let me be! I do not like them in a box. I do not like them with a fox. I will not eat them in a house. I will not eat them with a mouse. -from Green Eggs and Ham by Dr. Suess

46. stanza A group of lines in a poem Application: You can immediately see the number of stanzas in a poem just by looking. How many stanzas are in the poem on the next slide?

47. Do not go gentle into that good night by Dylan Thomas Do not go gentle into that good night, Old age should burn and rave at close of day; Rage, rage against the dying of the light. Though wise men at their end know dark is right, Because their words had forked no lightning they Do not go gentle into that good night. Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay, Rage, rage against the dying of the light. Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight, And learn, too late, they grieved it on its way, Do not go gentle into that good night. Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay, Rage, rage against the dying of the light. And you, my father, there on the sad height, Curse, bless me now with your fierce tears, I pray. Do not go gentle into that good night. Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

48. Do not go gentle into that good night by Dylan Thomas More practice: Find the rhyme scheme of the first 3 stanzas Do not go gentle into that good night, Old age should burn and rave at close of day; Rage, rage against the dying of the light. Though wise men at their end know dark is right, Because their words had forked no lightning they Do not go gentle into that good night. Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay, Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

49. Do not go gentle into that good night by Dylan Thomas More practice: Find the rhyme scheme of the first 3 stanzas Do not go gentle into that good night, Old age should burn and rave at close of day; Rage, rage against the dying of the light. Though wise men at their end know dark is right, Because their words had forked no lightning they Do not go gentle into that good night. Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay, Rage, rage against the dying of the light. A B A A B A A B A

50. imagery Writing that appeals to your senses Imagery helps the reader know what something looks like, feels like, smells like, tastes like, or sounds like Application: IMAGE ry helps you make an IMAGE in your mind

51. symbolism When something stands on its own but also stands for something else A writing technique that makes an author sound like they are writing about one thing when they actually mean something else Application: Read the poem on the next slide. Is it really only about walking in the woods?

52. Application: symbolism http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ie2Mspukx14&feature=related The Road Not Taken Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth; Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same, And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back. I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I-- I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. -Robert Frost More practice: How many stanzas does this poem have?

53. alliteration Repeating the same beginning sound Tongue twisters often use alliteration S ally s old s eashells by the s eashore P eter P iper p icked a p eck of p ickled p eppers Application: Write a sentence about your name using alliteration

54. onomatopoeia Words that SHOW sound Not to be confused with words that MAKE sound Shows sound Makes sound BOOM! FALL TWEET SING WOOF! BARK Application: Write 2 onomatopoeias you could hear at the park

55. PERSON ification Making an object seem like a PERSON by giving it humanlike qualities Application: Choose an object and a humanlike quality and write an example of personification (next slide)

56. personification cont… Objects: tree chair clock Humanlike qualities: moan race reach

57. hyperbole An extreme exaggeration, something that is very unlikely to happen Application: Finish these hyperboles… - She was so angry she ____ - He was so excited that he ____ - The baby was so tired ____

58. idioms Figures of speech that do not mean what they literally say Application: What do these common idioms really mean? -born with a silver spoon in his mouth -the cook was short-handed -I live in a hole in the wall

59. irony The opposite of what you expect Application: Isn’t it Ironic? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x93oAM12wgk What do you expect to happen when: -you win the lottery? -you get a pardon from death row? -you have a wedding day?

60. similes and metaphors similes= compare two unlike things using “like” or “as” metaphors= compares two unlike things without “like” or “as” Application: http://vimeo.com/16747575

61. Now, why did you just sit through these 60 PowerPoint slides? Ms. Smith hates you Your success in life depends on memorizing these terms Ms. Smith loves you and wants you to appreciate literature and do well in your Language Arts classes by knowing these terms.

62. The correct answer is C So, the next step is to look over your notes each night and feel confident the day of your exam! 

63. Whooo Hoooo ! You’re done! I bet you’re tickled pink now that this PowerPoint is over. Well, almost. What two reading terms did I just use in this slide???