This document defines and describes different types of landslides. It explains that landslides refer to the downward movement of land along steep slopes that can occur suddenly or slowly due to gravity and other factors weakening the stability of the slope. The types of landslides include falls, topples, spreads, creeps, slides, and flows, which are differentiated based on their modes of movement. The document also provides warnings signs of potential landslides and advises evacuating the area if a landslide is deemed imminent.

2. What is Landslide?
 Landslide refers to the downward sliding of huge quantities of land
which occurs along steep slopes of hills or mountains and may be
sudden or slow . Landslide is a geological phenomenon which include
a wide range of a ground movement, such as rocks falls, deep failure
of slope and shallow debris, flows which can occur in offshore, coastal
and onshore environment. Although the action of gravity is the primary
driving force for a landslide to occur, there are other contributing
factors affecting the original slope stability. Typically, pre-conditional
factors build up specific sub-surface conditions that make the
area/slope prone to failure, whereas the actual landslide often requires
a trigger before being released.

3. TypesofLandslide
Fall
Topple
Spread
Creep
Flow
Slide

4. Falls:
A fall starts with the detachment of soil
or rock from a steep slope along a surface on
which little or no shear displacement takes
place. The material then descends largely by
falling, bouncing or rolling.

5. Topple:
Toppling failures are distinguished by the
forward rotation of a unit or units about
some pivotal point, below or low in the unit,
under the actions of gravity and forces
exerted by adjacent units or by fluids in
cracks

6. Spreads:
Lateral spreads are distinctive because they
usually occur on very gentle slopes or flat terrain.
The dominant mode of movement is lateral extension
accompanied by shear or tensile fractures. The
failure is caused by liquefaction, the process whereby
saturated, loose, cohesion less sediments (usually
sands and silts) are transformed from a solid into a
liquefied state.

7. Creep:
Creep is the imperceptibly slow, steady,
downward movement of slope-forming soil or rock.
Movement is caused by shear stress sufficient to
produce permanent deformation, but too small to
produce shear failure.

8. Slides
A slide is the downslope movement of a
soil or rock mass occurring dominantly on
the surface of rupture or relatively thin
zones of intense shear strain.

9. Flows
A flow is a spatially continuous movement in
which shear surfaces are short lived, closely
spaced and usually not preserved after the
event. The distribution of velocities in the
displacing mass resembles that in a viscous
fluid.

10. Predicting and avoiding landslide
Broken water lines and other underground utilities.
Leaning telephone poles, trees, retaining walls or fences.
Dropped-down road beds.
Rapid increase in a stream or creek water levels, possibly
accompanied by increased turbidity (soil content).
Sudden decrease in creek water levels even though rain is
still falling or just recently stopped.
 Listen. A faint rumbling sound can also let you know a
landslide is coming.

11. Look at any buildings in the area. Be aware that growing cracks
in walls, window frames and pavement are a possible clue.
Additionally, broken or leaking sewer lines, doors that don't
quite close anymore, and sagging or very tight utility lines can
also be warning signs that the ground is shifting and a landslide
is inevitable.
Know what factors contribute to a landslide. The geological
makeup of an area is a good indicator. Gravity plays a role as
well; the steeper the slope, the more likely it is to have a
landslide. Weather such as heavy rains, quick freezing and
thawing, earthquakes, fires, storms and volcanic eruptions can
also be triggers. Additionally, erosion and changes in the
landscape caused by humans can be predictors of landslides.

12. What to do if suspect imminent landslide danger:
 Contact local fire and police control rooms.
 Inform neighbours who are likely to be
affected. Help them in evacuation.
 Evacuation out of the likely path of the
landslide is the best protection.