The document provides an introduction to broadcasting, outlining key concepts such as the philosophy of using broadcasting to educate audiences and effect change. It discusses the main broadcast media of radio and television, as well as equipment and personnel involved in television studios and production. The document also covers various techniques used in broadcasting like camera shots, transitions, production modes, and interview styles. It provides classifications for broadcast stations and programs as well as differences between news and public affairs programming.
The document discusses techniques for creating effective radio advertisements. It covers the production process from pre-production to post-production. It emphasizes that radio ads need to be catchy, interesting, and unforgettable to engage listeners within 5-8 seconds. The document outlines common ad formats and provides tips for writing ads, such as using descriptive language, conversational tone, and familiar sounds to paint a picture for listeners.
A radio documentary is a non-fictional radio program that provides an in-depth exploration of a particular topic through a mix of commentary, interviews, and audio clips. It aims to present facts and reality without fictional elements. Producing a radio documentary involves roles like a director/producer, researcher, interviewer, and editor. Strong research, thoughtful interview questions, and skilled editing are essential to creating an engaging radio documentary.
The document provides guidance on developing effective messaging strategies. It discusses identifying target audiences, understanding their contexts, and crafting messages using symbolic frames and emotional appeals. The key elements of messages are said to be clarity, conciseness, contrast, and convincing arguments. Effective messages also use repetition to break through and stay memorable.
This document provides guidance on scriptwriting conventions for radio. It discusses the purpose of scripted material to ensure all necessary content is covered. It also outlines several linguistic conventions for radio scripts, such as using abbreviations, writing out numbers, expanding acronyms, and using punctuation to guide presenters. Additional conventions covered include using formal vs. colloquial language, including jargon definitions, and phonetically spelling difficult words. The document also discusses writing for the ear, following a station's house style, using standard cues and signposting, and different genres of radio scripts like music, documentaries, speech packages, and live features.
Scriptwriting for radio requires planning content, timing, and linguistic conventions to ensure a professional and engaging listening experience. Key elements include pre-writing features, announcements, and music to stay on schedule. Linguistic conventions like abbreviations, numbering, acronyms and punctuation are adapted based on the target audience. Style considers writing for the ear, house styles, signposting, natural speech rhythms, and continuity to keep listeners tuned in. Different genres like music, documentaries, packages and live features each have their own scripting needs.
The document discusses radio advertising. It explains that radio stations sell time slots to advertisers and that their format determines the target audience. It discusses advantages like reaching a large driving audience during morning and afternoon commute times. It also notes disadvantages like having fewer listeners during midday. The document provides tips for writing effective radio scripts that grab attention and encourage a desired action.
This document discusses scriptwriting conventions for radio. It explains that much of radio content is scripted in advance to ensure all intended material is covered and schedules are met. It outlines several linguistic conventions for scriptwriting like abbreviation, expanding acronyms, and using formal versus colloquial language depending on the station. Style conventions are also discussed, including each station having its own house style and using techniques like signposting and continuity links. Finally, it mentions several genres of radio scripts like those for music shows, documentaries, and speech packages.
The document discusses techniques for creating effective radio advertisements. It covers the production process from pre-production to post-production. It emphasizes that radio ads need to be catchy, interesting, and unforgettable to engage listeners within 5-8 seconds. The document outlines common ad formats and provides tips for writing ads, such as using descriptive language, conversational tone, and familiar sounds to paint a picture for listeners.
A radio documentary is a non-fictional radio program that provides an in-depth exploration of a particular topic through a mix of commentary, interviews, and audio clips. It aims to present facts and reality without fictional elements. Producing a radio documentary involves roles like a director/producer, researcher, interviewer, and editor. Strong research, thoughtful interview questions, and skilled editing are essential to creating an engaging radio documentary.
The document provides guidance on developing effective messaging strategies. It discusses identifying target audiences, understanding their contexts, and crafting messages using symbolic frames and emotional appeals. The key elements of messages are said to be clarity, conciseness, contrast, and convincing arguments. Effective messages also use repetition to break through and stay memorable.
This document provides guidance on scriptwriting conventions for radio. It discusses the purpose of scripted material to ensure all necessary content is covered. It also outlines several linguistic conventions for radio scripts, such as using abbreviations, writing out numbers, expanding acronyms, and using punctuation to guide presenters. Additional conventions covered include using formal vs. colloquial language, including jargon definitions, and phonetically spelling difficult words. The document also discusses writing for the ear, following a station's house style, using standard cues and signposting, and different genres of radio scripts like music, documentaries, speech packages, and live features.
Scriptwriting for radio requires planning content, timing, and linguistic conventions to ensure a professional and engaging listening experience. Key elements include pre-writing features, announcements, and music to stay on schedule. Linguistic conventions like abbreviations, numbering, acronyms and punctuation are adapted based on the target audience. Style considers writing for the ear, house styles, signposting, natural speech rhythms, and continuity to keep listeners tuned in. Different genres like music, documentaries, packages and live features each have their own scripting needs.
The document discusses radio advertising. It explains that radio stations sell time slots to advertisers and that their format determines the target audience. It discusses advantages like reaching a large driving audience during morning and afternoon commute times. It also notes disadvantages like having fewer listeners during midday. The document provides tips for writing effective radio scripts that grab attention and encourage a desired action.
This document discusses scriptwriting conventions for radio. It explains that much of radio content is scripted in advance to ensure all intended material is covered and schedules are met. It outlines several linguistic conventions for scriptwriting like abbreviation, expanding acronyms, and using formal versus colloquial language depending on the station. Style conventions are also discussed, including each station having its own house style and using techniques like signposting and continuity links. Finally, it mentions several genres of radio scripts like those for music shows, documentaries, and speech packages.
Mp3 audio files compress songs by removing inaudible sounds, allowing for portable music storage on devices like mp3 players. However, transferring music to these devices can be challenging for some. CD sales declined between 2008 and 2015 as digital music grew in popularity due to CDs being breakable and digital music being cheaper and easier to access on devices. Various audio formats are used for different broadcast products including terrestrial radio, internet radio, and in-store music systems as well as recorded content like podcasts.
This document summarizes Tuire Nuolivirta's international broadcast journalism training program at Yle, the Finnish Broadcasting Company, from 1986 to 1995. The program trained nearly 400 Yle journalists in skills like interviewing, reporting, and on-camera presenting through practical workshops in collaboration with major international broadcasters. Trainees would produce news items and programs to develop their skills. The training also included opportunities like satellite interviews with experts around the world to improve skills in conducting international interviews. Two strategic projects, RTI Euro in 1995 and Radio News Report in 1996, further trained Yle journalists in EU and radio news coverage. The program aimed to develop high quality journalism at Yle and help the broadcaster adapt to changing international and audience needs
Television news presenters follow conventions such as researching stories, wearing formal clothes to appear reliable, and displaying breaking stories. Radio presenters need solid information but can appeal to audiences through listener polls and music. Newspaper websites present stories in large fonts and images with headlines, bylines, and advertisements. Documentaries commonly use voice-overs, exposition at the beginning to introduce topics, archival footage to depict history, and on-screen text and titles to identify people and add credibility.
The document is an evaluation by Savannah Hardwick of advertising products created for the charity SASH. Savannah believes the products are fit for purpose because they relate to the charity's message and use bright colors to catch attention. Savannah used techniques like fading colors and emotive images to draw in audiences. While the products provide some information about the charity, Savannah notes they could provide more details about services. Overall, the evaluation examines the effectiveness, appropriateness and potential impact of the advertising campaign.
The role of broadcast management systems in enabling efficient delivery to mu...Stephen Kyefulumya
A presentation I gave, in collaboration with Fabrice Beer-Gabel, at the Asia Pacific Broadcasting Union Symposium 2013 in KL. It outlines how broadcast management systems need to evolve to meet the demands of an operation delivering content to traditional broadcast and to multiple OTT devices
The document discusses different types of media including print journalism, television, film, and the internet. It asks questions about the types of news and media consumed as well as the devices and platforms used to access media content. Specific topics mentioned include newspapers, TV channels, YouTube, social networks, mobile phones, and digital technologies. The role of media in society is explored in regards to shaping opinions and the ethics of journalism.
RTE Interim Journalism Guidelines April 3, 2012Krishna De
These Guidelines were introduced in an interim form pending the completion of the new BAI Code on Fairness, Objectivity & Impartiality in News and Current Affairs. Note that the BAI also has plans to introduce a Code on Privacy in a revision of its Code of Programme Standards due in 2013.
These guidelines are posted here for students on the journliasm and digital media programmes that I deliver for ease of access
Access the original report from the RTE site here http://bgn.bz/rtejournalismguidelinesinterim
This document discusses holistic media planning and leveraging the overall media mix. It notes that on average, communications channels used in effectiveness award entries has increased from four to six channels in just two years. It also discusses the changing media landscape and ecosystem. Different channels can carry different types of influence and there is a law of diminishing returns between channels. New forms of planning consider fragmentation of media consumption and target people based on how deeply they engage with different media. Successful campaigns featured in the document had integrated plans across television, websites, product placement and other channels.
W. Edwards Deming was a statistician who helped popularize quality management practices. He developed 14 points for management that emphasized continuous improvement, cooperation over competition, and intrinsic motivation. Deming believed management should optimize entire systems by understanding variation, developing knowledge through theory, and considering human psychology. His work influenced quality practices in Japan after World War II and sparked the quality revolution.
There are 3 main types of TV scheduling strategies: inheritance, where a new program airs after a popular one to inherit some of its audience; pre-echo, where a program airs before a popular one in hopes viewers will tune in early and return for future airings; and hammocking, where a program airs between two popular ones to benefit from both audiences. Some channels also historically relied on channel loyalty, though viewers are less likely to stick to one channel all night now.
This document outlines various media formats for factual productions across print, broadcast, and computer/electronic mediums. It provides examples and conventions for magazines, newspapers, leaflets, websites, blogs, social media, TV news, reality TV, documentaries, sport, wildlife, current affairs, lifestyles, and radio. Conventions include topics, layouts, interactions, and realism depending on the factual product and medium.
Advertising Media Planning Course Georges Najm USEK School of BusinessGeorges Najm
Media Planning constitutes today one of the most respected, strategic, highly sought for, and very well paid professions in Advertising. This course is designed to introduce students to this industry, while aiming to provide firm grounding on its fundamentals. It exposes the links between media, society, advertising, and business. It thoroughly investigates the foundations of media planning and checks the media planning process in action, based on true business / media / communication problematic.
The course also explores the business aspects of media and media planning through a global industry overview, the media transactions organizations, with illustrations of advertisers, advertising agencies and media agencies. Finally, the course focuses on the Lebanese market realities in order to allow the students to have a practical link with the business life and to bridge the gap between the theoretical aspect and the professional side of media planning.
Objectives & Learning Outcomes. This course allows students to:
• Understand the media planning process:
- How do ads and commercials go into the media?
- What do they do there?
- How do they get airtime on TV programs and Radio Stations
- How do they get published in magazines and newspapers?
- Why choosing “Medium A” rather than “Medium B”?
- What are the financial and money considerations?
- What are the Marketing stakes?
• Define the key terms in the media environment
• Outline the tools available to media plan with
• Outline the basic media concepts used by planners and buyers
• Explore the steps through which a media planner passes to:
- Elaborate advertising media recommendations.
- Book and buy media.
• Tackle real business problematic / advertising / media problematic.
This course will also allow the students, as future marketers who will be ultimately called to manage and control companies’ /brands / clients’ marketing communications budgets, to:
• Understand how the media market / industry globally (and locally) functions.
• Understand the terminology used in media planning.
• Be able to conduct a proper media briefing.
• Be able to lead a basic media strategy.
• Be able to build and pitch a true media planning.
• Be able to effectively buy media space.
This document discusses TV scheduling and programming strategies. It outlines the different daytime segments, the target audiences for each segment, and the most popular genres. It also describes the target audiences for different UK channels and notes that Channel 5 imports many of its programs. The document explains that the watershed is at 9pm and that BBC1 and ITV1 compete directly. It then discusses strategies for scheduling, such as avoiding direct competition between big shows, using popular shows to introduce new programs, and placing new programs between established ones to boost viewership.
The document discusses media planning and the role of media in the consumer purchase process. It outlines the typical stages in a purchase process from awareness to acquisition. It then explains how media plays a role at each stage by driving awareness, facilitating information gathering, reducing cognitive dissonance, and helping with acquisition. Finally, it discusses the relationships between advertisers, agencies, and consumers, and how media planning involves determining the most effective media to use within an advertising budget to reach consumers at different stages of the purchase process.
Scheduling the advertising and executing the advertising programCamille Yson
This document discusses scheduling advertising and executing advertising programs. It describes three models for scheduling ads: continuity, where ads run continuously throughout the year; flighting, where ads run in short bursts; and pulsing, which combines continuous and flighted scheduling. It also outlines several styles for executing advertising appeals, including slice-of-life, testimonial, fantasy, humorous, animation, comparison, demonstration, musical, and straight sell. Key factors for scheduling include selecting the right media, time, and sufficient frequency to reach the target audience.
The document discusses new media and its history and impact. It defines new media as digital technologies like the internet, websites, and interactive content. New media allows on-demand access from any device and user interactivity. Examples mentioned include social media, CDs, DVDs, and digital technologies transforming old media. The rise of new media has led to increased media fragmentation and availability of content. New media has both positive impacts like more communication and negative impacts like manipulation. In Bangladesh, new media use has grown rapidly via internet and smartphones, influencing public opinion and protests.
Television is one of the main components of broadcast media along with radio. Some key advantages of television advertising include creativity and impact through motion/color, wide coverage and cost effectiveness through mass reach. However, disadvantages include high costs of production and airtime, lack of selectivity in targeting audiences, fleeting messages due to short ad durations, and limited viewer attention due to channel surfing. Prime time for television advertising varies based on target audiences.
Ss media planning 101 newspapers, magazines, television, and radio advertisin...Marcus Vannini
Traditional media like newspapers, magazines, television, and radio are losing advertising placement to digital media. While digital now accounts for about 6% of total media spending, it is growing rapidly. Newspapers and magazines have inherent advantages like geographic selectivity and creative opportunities, but also disadvantages like limited segmentation and high costs. Television remains a dominant advertising medium, but faces challenges from DVRs and new viewing habits. Radio has a cost advantage but suffers from limited creative options and fragmented audiences. All traditional media will need to adapt to new technologies and consumer behaviors to remain successful in the future.
The editor works closely with the director to craft a finished film through careful editing of shots into a coherent narrative with a beginning, middle, and end. Editors assemble scenes together, oversee additional roles like music and sound editing, and work long hours, especially on big productions. Key editing techniques discussed include parallel editing, shot reverse shot, montage, and continuity editing. The document also provides examples of editing techniques from films and discusses important figures that advanced the art of film editing.
Radio formats refer to the overall content broadcast on a radio station. There are many formats designed to reach specific audience segments based on demographics like age, ethnicity, and background. Popular formats include talk shows, interviews, and phone-in programs. Talk shows usually feature a host interviewing guests on various topics in segments separated by advertisements or music. Interviews can be opinion-based or informational, and require preparation, rehearsal, and knowledge of the subject. Phone-in programs allow listeners to share opinions on discussed topics by calling in. Effective radio interviews and phone-in programs require organization and an engaging host who can share the spotlight and promote guests.
The document discusses the various forms and conventions used in real radio broadcasts that were developed or challenged in the student's media product. It describes including idents with the station name and frequency, having a central presenter to introduce segments, researching and selecting relevant local and global stories, conducting vox-pops with local residents, including an interview with a local football coach, and choosing not to include advertisements as this was not a commercial broadcast. The purpose was to make the student's radio news broadcast appear professionally composed while tailoring it to their intended audience.
Mp3 audio files compress songs by removing inaudible sounds, allowing for portable music storage on devices like mp3 players. However, transferring music to these devices can be challenging for some. CD sales declined between 2008 and 2015 as digital music grew in popularity due to CDs being breakable and digital music being cheaper and easier to access on devices. Various audio formats are used for different broadcast products including terrestrial radio, internet radio, and in-store music systems as well as recorded content like podcasts.
This document summarizes Tuire Nuolivirta's international broadcast journalism training program at Yle, the Finnish Broadcasting Company, from 1986 to 1995. The program trained nearly 400 Yle journalists in skills like interviewing, reporting, and on-camera presenting through practical workshops in collaboration with major international broadcasters. Trainees would produce news items and programs to develop their skills. The training also included opportunities like satellite interviews with experts around the world to improve skills in conducting international interviews. Two strategic projects, RTI Euro in 1995 and Radio News Report in 1996, further trained Yle journalists in EU and radio news coverage. The program aimed to develop high quality journalism at Yle and help the broadcaster adapt to changing international and audience needs
Television news presenters follow conventions such as researching stories, wearing formal clothes to appear reliable, and displaying breaking stories. Radio presenters need solid information but can appeal to audiences through listener polls and music. Newspaper websites present stories in large fonts and images with headlines, bylines, and advertisements. Documentaries commonly use voice-overs, exposition at the beginning to introduce topics, archival footage to depict history, and on-screen text and titles to identify people and add credibility.
The document is an evaluation by Savannah Hardwick of advertising products created for the charity SASH. Savannah believes the products are fit for purpose because they relate to the charity's message and use bright colors to catch attention. Savannah used techniques like fading colors and emotive images to draw in audiences. While the products provide some information about the charity, Savannah notes they could provide more details about services. Overall, the evaluation examines the effectiveness, appropriateness and potential impact of the advertising campaign.
The role of broadcast management systems in enabling efficient delivery to mu...Stephen Kyefulumya
A presentation I gave, in collaboration with Fabrice Beer-Gabel, at the Asia Pacific Broadcasting Union Symposium 2013 in KL. It outlines how broadcast management systems need to evolve to meet the demands of an operation delivering content to traditional broadcast and to multiple OTT devices
The document discusses different types of media including print journalism, television, film, and the internet. It asks questions about the types of news and media consumed as well as the devices and platforms used to access media content. Specific topics mentioned include newspapers, TV channels, YouTube, social networks, mobile phones, and digital technologies. The role of media in society is explored in regards to shaping opinions and the ethics of journalism.
RTE Interim Journalism Guidelines April 3, 2012Krishna De
These Guidelines were introduced in an interim form pending the completion of the new BAI Code on Fairness, Objectivity & Impartiality in News and Current Affairs. Note that the BAI also has plans to introduce a Code on Privacy in a revision of its Code of Programme Standards due in 2013.
These guidelines are posted here for students on the journliasm and digital media programmes that I deliver for ease of access
Access the original report from the RTE site here http://bgn.bz/rtejournalismguidelinesinterim
This document discusses holistic media planning and leveraging the overall media mix. It notes that on average, communications channels used in effectiveness award entries has increased from four to six channels in just two years. It also discusses the changing media landscape and ecosystem. Different channels can carry different types of influence and there is a law of diminishing returns between channels. New forms of planning consider fragmentation of media consumption and target people based on how deeply they engage with different media. Successful campaigns featured in the document had integrated plans across television, websites, product placement and other channels.
W. Edwards Deming was a statistician who helped popularize quality management practices. He developed 14 points for management that emphasized continuous improvement, cooperation over competition, and intrinsic motivation. Deming believed management should optimize entire systems by understanding variation, developing knowledge through theory, and considering human psychology. His work influenced quality practices in Japan after World War II and sparked the quality revolution.
There are 3 main types of TV scheduling strategies: inheritance, where a new program airs after a popular one to inherit some of its audience; pre-echo, where a program airs before a popular one in hopes viewers will tune in early and return for future airings; and hammocking, where a program airs between two popular ones to benefit from both audiences. Some channels also historically relied on channel loyalty, though viewers are less likely to stick to one channel all night now.
This document outlines various media formats for factual productions across print, broadcast, and computer/electronic mediums. It provides examples and conventions for magazines, newspapers, leaflets, websites, blogs, social media, TV news, reality TV, documentaries, sport, wildlife, current affairs, lifestyles, and radio. Conventions include topics, layouts, interactions, and realism depending on the factual product and medium.
Advertising Media Planning Course Georges Najm USEK School of BusinessGeorges Najm
Media Planning constitutes today one of the most respected, strategic, highly sought for, and very well paid professions in Advertising. This course is designed to introduce students to this industry, while aiming to provide firm grounding on its fundamentals. It exposes the links between media, society, advertising, and business. It thoroughly investigates the foundations of media planning and checks the media planning process in action, based on true business / media / communication problematic.
The course also explores the business aspects of media and media planning through a global industry overview, the media transactions organizations, with illustrations of advertisers, advertising agencies and media agencies. Finally, the course focuses on the Lebanese market realities in order to allow the students to have a practical link with the business life and to bridge the gap between the theoretical aspect and the professional side of media planning.
Objectives & Learning Outcomes. This course allows students to:
• Understand the media planning process:
- How do ads and commercials go into the media?
- What do they do there?
- How do they get airtime on TV programs and Radio Stations
- How do they get published in magazines and newspapers?
- Why choosing “Medium A” rather than “Medium B”?
- What are the financial and money considerations?
- What are the Marketing stakes?
• Define the key terms in the media environment
• Outline the tools available to media plan with
• Outline the basic media concepts used by planners and buyers
• Explore the steps through which a media planner passes to:
- Elaborate advertising media recommendations.
- Book and buy media.
• Tackle real business problematic / advertising / media problematic.
This course will also allow the students, as future marketers who will be ultimately called to manage and control companies’ /brands / clients’ marketing communications budgets, to:
• Understand how the media market / industry globally (and locally) functions.
• Understand the terminology used in media planning.
• Be able to conduct a proper media briefing.
• Be able to lead a basic media strategy.
• Be able to build and pitch a true media planning.
• Be able to effectively buy media space.
This document discusses TV scheduling and programming strategies. It outlines the different daytime segments, the target audiences for each segment, and the most popular genres. It also describes the target audiences for different UK channels and notes that Channel 5 imports many of its programs. The document explains that the watershed is at 9pm and that BBC1 and ITV1 compete directly. It then discusses strategies for scheduling, such as avoiding direct competition between big shows, using popular shows to introduce new programs, and placing new programs between established ones to boost viewership.
The document discusses media planning and the role of media in the consumer purchase process. It outlines the typical stages in a purchase process from awareness to acquisition. It then explains how media plays a role at each stage by driving awareness, facilitating information gathering, reducing cognitive dissonance, and helping with acquisition. Finally, it discusses the relationships between advertisers, agencies, and consumers, and how media planning involves determining the most effective media to use within an advertising budget to reach consumers at different stages of the purchase process.
Scheduling the advertising and executing the advertising programCamille Yson
This document discusses scheduling advertising and executing advertising programs. It describes three models for scheduling ads: continuity, where ads run continuously throughout the year; flighting, where ads run in short bursts; and pulsing, which combines continuous and flighted scheduling. It also outlines several styles for executing advertising appeals, including slice-of-life, testimonial, fantasy, humorous, animation, comparison, demonstration, musical, and straight sell. Key factors for scheduling include selecting the right media, time, and sufficient frequency to reach the target audience.
The document discusses new media and its history and impact. It defines new media as digital technologies like the internet, websites, and interactive content. New media allows on-demand access from any device and user interactivity. Examples mentioned include social media, CDs, DVDs, and digital technologies transforming old media. The rise of new media has led to increased media fragmentation and availability of content. New media has both positive impacts like more communication and negative impacts like manipulation. In Bangladesh, new media use has grown rapidly via internet and smartphones, influencing public opinion and protests.
Television is one of the main components of broadcast media along with radio. Some key advantages of television advertising include creativity and impact through motion/color, wide coverage and cost effectiveness through mass reach. However, disadvantages include high costs of production and airtime, lack of selectivity in targeting audiences, fleeting messages due to short ad durations, and limited viewer attention due to channel surfing. Prime time for television advertising varies based on target audiences.
Ss media planning 101 newspapers, magazines, television, and radio advertisin...Marcus Vannini
Traditional media like newspapers, magazines, television, and radio are losing advertising placement to digital media. While digital now accounts for about 6% of total media spending, it is growing rapidly. Newspapers and magazines have inherent advantages like geographic selectivity and creative opportunities, but also disadvantages like limited segmentation and high costs. Television remains a dominant advertising medium, but faces challenges from DVRs and new viewing habits. Radio has a cost advantage but suffers from limited creative options and fragmented audiences. All traditional media will need to adapt to new technologies and consumer behaviors to remain successful in the future.
The editor works closely with the director to craft a finished film through careful editing of shots into a coherent narrative with a beginning, middle, and end. Editors assemble scenes together, oversee additional roles like music and sound editing, and work long hours, especially on big productions. Key editing techniques discussed include parallel editing, shot reverse shot, montage, and continuity editing. The document also provides examples of editing techniques from films and discusses important figures that advanced the art of film editing.
Radio formats refer to the overall content broadcast on a radio station. There are many formats designed to reach specific audience segments based on demographics like age, ethnicity, and background. Popular formats include talk shows, interviews, and phone-in programs. Talk shows usually feature a host interviewing guests on various topics in segments separated by advertisements or music. Interviews can be opinion-based or informational, and require preparation, rehearsal, and knowledge of the subject. Phone-in programs allow listeners to share opinions on discussed topics by calling in. Effective radio interviews and phone-in programs require organization and an engaging host who can share the spotlight and promote guests.
The document discusses the various forms and conventions used in real radio broadcasts that were developed or challenged in the student's media product. It describes including idents with the station name and frequency, having a central presenter to introduce segments, researching and selecting relevant local and global stories, conducting vox-pops with local residents, including an interview with a local football coach, and choosing not to include advertisements as this was not a commercial broadcast. The purpose was to make the student's radio news broadcast appear professionally composed while tailoring it to their intended audience.
This document discusses the codes, conventions, language, and grammar used in television news reporting. It outlines different types of news packages like voiceovers and interviews that are used to tell stories. It also describes common on-screen graphics, the formal studio environment, and linguistic techniques employed by news anchors and reporters to concisely communicate information in a compelling yet authoritative manner due to time constraints. Location shoots and links back to the studio aim to give the appearance of capturing live news. Formal dress codes and direct address aim to reinforce the seriousness and importance of the news.
This document discusses the codes, conventions, language, and grammar used in television news reporting. It outlines different types of news packages like voiceovers and interviews that are used to tell stories. It also describes common on-screen graphics, the formal studio environment, and linguistic techniques employed by news anchors and reporters to convey information concisely and set the proper tone within time constraints. Location shoots and links back to the studio aim to give the appearance of capturing live news. Formal dress codes and direct address aim to reinforce the seriousness and authority of the news.
Unit 27 task 2 codes and conventions of factual programmesChelsie Brandrick
This document provides information on codes and conventions used in factual television programs. It discusses the different genres of factual programs like news, documentaries, and reality television. It explains that codes are systems of signs that create meaning, and conventions are generally accepted ways of doing things in a genre. Technical, symbolic, and written/audio codes are described. Examples of codes for news include studio news readers and report structure, while codes for documentaries include film, script, music and camera angles. Conventions for both genres are also outlined, such as expectations for on-location broadcasts and graphics in news, and use of interviews, narration and archive footage in documentaries. Different documentary styles like expository, observational, and interactive are also
This document provides guidance on writing for television and radio news media. It discusses key differences in writing for these mediums, including that television stories are very short, around 1-1.5 minutes, rely heavily on visuals, and require a passive audience. Radio news bulletins are also short, around 1.5-3 minutes. The document offers tips for writing effective news releases for both television and radio, such as keeping television releases under 30 seconds and radio releases between 2-4 paragraphs. It emphasizes using simple, direct language and focusing on brevity when writing for broadcast news.
The document describes 5 modes of documentaries:
1) Expository documentaries directly address the audience through voiceovers and use images and editing to support arguments.
2) Observational documentaries use no voiceovers or interviews, instead using handheld cameras to observe subjects unaware of being filmed.
3) Participatory documentaries involve interacting with subjects and sometimes include the filmmaker, using interviews and archived material.
4) Reflexive documentaries use fictional film techniques to elicit emotional responses and question authoritative voiceovers.
5) Performative documentaries include the filmmaker interacting and addressing audiences directly about an investigation or search.
This document provides guidance on preparing for and conducting various types of media interviews. It discusses the different needs of print, television, and radio reporters. Television reporters need visuals and short sound bites to support their stories, while print reporters prefer more in-depth information. The document also outlines best practices for interviews, such as knowing the audience and format, doing research, establishing rapport, avoiding hypotheticals and jargon, and emphasizing key messages. It describes the characteristics of different interview formats, such as confrontational or friendly talk shows, live remotes, taped sit-downs, and media panels.
This document provides guidance on writing for radio news and podcasts. It discusses key differences between reading and listening, and emphasizes writing simply and conversationally for the ear. The "Six C's of Writing for Radio" are outlined: be clear, concise, conversational, complete, current and correct. Effective radio writing gets to the point quickly within time limits and uses techniques like varying sentence length and repetition to engage listeners. Proper script formatting and adhering to broadcast structure is also covered.
Broadcast journalists must provide accurate, complete, and impactful news coverage across radio, television, and print. They are responsible for gathering information from the field and presenting it to listeners and viewers in a believable, energetic, and authoritative manner through well-structured newscasts, voice reports, interviews, and other formats. Effective broadcast announcing requires clear and vivid language use, proper pacing, inflection, pitch, and pronunciation to help audiences visualize stories through radio. Credibility is essential, so errors must be avoided. The goal is to communicate the news, not bring attention to oneself.
Scripting for psa, ad ,news and special audience class - 14Rijitha R
This document provides guidance on creating public service announcements (PSAs), scripts for advertisements, news scripts, and programs for special audiences such as children and women.
It discusses the purpose and format of PSAs, advertisements, and news scripts. For PSAs, it outlines advantages like low cost and ability to encourage action, as well as limitations like limited airtime. For advertisements, it provides an example script and terminology. For news scripts, it discusses brevity, selection of key information, and terminology.
The document also gives recommendations for creating effective programs for special audiences like children and women. It suggests appropriate formats and topics of discussion for each group, such as stories, activities and social issues for children's programs and
The document discusses various formats of television news stories. It describes package stories as prerecorded pieces that include video, sound bytes, voiceovers and a reporter PTC to introduce and summarize the story. VOSOT features an anchor speaking over videotape of someone talking. Anchor + byte has the anchor reading a story without visuals followed by a sound byte.
Introduction to Electronic Media by Warda MaryamWarda Maryam
Electronic media are media that use electronics or electromechanical means for the audience to access the content. This is in contrast to static media (mainly print media), which today are most often created digitally, but do not require electronics to be accessed by the end user in the printed form.
Radio Documentary, Radio Feature, Radio Magazine
Previous Lectures
News Channel Operation in Pakistan , CNR, Central News Room, News Channel, Flow of a news story, PCR, Studio, Introduction to Radio, FM, AM, FM Radio Programming, Radio Magazine Program, Content of Radio, Designing an FM Program, Radio Interview, Interview Tips, Stages of Production, Pre Production, Post Production, Production, Radio Editing, Radio News, Bulletin, Radio Feature, Radio Documentary,
Introduction to Radio, FM, AM, FM Radio Programming, Radio Magazine Program, Content of Radio, Designing an FM Program, Radio Interview, Interview Tips, Stages of Production, Pre Production, Post Production, Production, Radio Editing
The document discusses various aspects of TV news programs, including why they are studied, their genre and conventions, and language features. It provides information on news packages, reports, programs, and their use of codes, conventions and stylistic techniques. These include features like voiceovers, interviews, graphics, anchors and sets. The document also discusses how different news programs develop distinct brand identities through varying these genre elements.
This document discusses radio and television advertising. It provides information on different techniques used in radio advertising like straight announcer technique and jingle-announcer technique. It also discusses elements of television commercial production like visual techniques, principles from David Ogilvy, and factors that increase production costs. Additionally, it covers buying television time and evaluating programs based on cost per rating point and cost per thousand.
An interview is a conversation between two or more people where the interviewer asks questions to obtain information from the interviewee. There are two main types of interviews: assessments which evaluate a person, and informational interviews to gather facts. Television interviews can be either extended, using multiple cameras over a longer period, or short segments typical for news using one camera and minimizing equipment needs. Proper interview techniques include pausing between questions, using cutaways to cover edits, and focusing first on a tightly edited audio version before addressing video transitions.
The document describes different types of documentary formats including expository, observational, reflexive, participatory, and performative documentaries. It also discusses documentary realism, dramatization, narrativization, news reporting formats like studio newsreaders and field reporters, and techniques used in news reporting like linking to other studios, addressing viewers, interviewing, using experts and witnesses, report structure, and incorporating actual footage.
The fourth year students from Bulacan State University are conducting a thesis titled "Radio Indecency: The Assessment of Selected KBP FM Radio Station Members and Their (Non) Compliance with KBP’s Broadcast Code of 2007". They are requesting an interview with the station manager of 90.7 Love Radio FM to obtain information about the KBP Broadcast Code of 2007 as part of their research. They provide their contact details and express their willingness to schedule an interview at the manager's convenience. The letter is signed by the four student researchers and their adviser.
The document provides a research matrix on the topic of broadcast law and ethics regarding radio pornography in the Philippines. It lists several journal articles, theses, dissertations, books and their authors that are relevant to examining the compliance of FM radio stations to rules set by the KBP on indecency and profanity. The findings of the sources show that radio has influence over listeners and society, and religious groups have worked to prevent radio profanity when complaints have been made.
This document contains a questionnaire about a study assessing compliance of selected FM radio stations with the KBP Broadcast Code of 2007. The questionnaire is directed at station managers and contains questions about their awareness of the broadcast code, how they orient hosts, how compliance is monitored during broadcasts, and whether any cases of violations have been filed against hosts. The questionnaire is validated by a KBP performance officer and dated January 18, 2013.
This document outlines the agenda and topics to be discussed at a workshop on uplifting science, technology, and research. The workshop will provide an overview of basic research concepts like the scientific method and steps in the research process. It will then cover specific workshop topics including problem identification, conceptual frameworks, data analysis and interpretation. The document discusses key research concepts like the scientific method, paradigms of inquiry, and the general order of scientific methods. It also defines the role of theories and related literature in developing a theoretical framework for research.
The document provides guidance on developing a thesis, including conceptualizing the research problem, formulating the research title and questions, reviewing related literature, developing hypotheses, and describing the methodology. It discusses the role of the thesis advisor in guiding the advisee's conceptualization of the study, assisting with research design, and reviewing the logic and analysis of the research report. The document also provides examples of research titles and discusses formatting and style guidelines for writing the thesis.
The document outlines the 5 steps in program planning for creating a promotional video for Bulacan State University:
1. Define objectives such as showcasing the university's beauty and inspiring viewers
2. Determine priority to showcase the university
3. Identify resources like technical, research, and listening skills
4. Execute action programs by conducting a two-day shoot of the different colleges and editing the video
5. Maintain control by continually polishing the video until satisfied
It then lists the distribution of tasks among group members with different roles like camera operation, editing, and organizing reports.
This document outlines a marketing campaign project for a local band or solo artist. It involves creating a profile pitch with information about the artist and a music sample. Students will then plan a photo shoot concept and designate roles for production. They will hold a photo shoot and produce a music video as homework. Finally, students will present and receive feedback on their work. The campaign follows a specified timeline and format for the client profile and marketing plan.
This document provides the programming outline for the initial broadcast of Ultimate TV (UTV) on a Friday. It includes a schedule from 5:00 AM to 11:30 PM broken into 30 minute time slots. Each time slot lists a program type along with a schedule allocating time for the program, commercials, and station identification. The schedule includes music, morning shows, educational programs, cartoons, fashion, cooking, variety shows, travel, sports, public service, health, games, news, sitcoms, magazines, gag shows, documentaries, and sign-off.
The document outlines a 5-step program planning process used by a television station. Step 1 identifies objectives related to showcasing Philippine pride and nationalism. Step 2 determines the priority objective. Step 3 identifies necessary human, technical, and physical resources. Step 4 executes action programs by dividing tasks over a 2-day filming trip around Bulacan province. Step 5 maintains control through checking work and group consensus. It also lists the distribution of tasks among 12 group members for the program.
Ultimate cooking challenge reality programLady Lee
The document outlines a proposed 60-minute reality cooking program called "ULTIMATE COOKING CHALLENGE" that would air from 10-11 am. It describes 5 components of the broadcast including hosts, cooks, researchers, and producers. The program aims to inspire and educate viewers on cooking while also entertaining them. It will feature contests with limited resources to test contestants' skills. The target audience are parents fond of cooking.
Republic Act 9006, also known as the Fair Election Act, establishes election laws in the Philippines to promote honest and orderly elections. It guarantees equal access to airtime for all political candidates and requires employees of media stations who run for office to take a leave of absence. Violations of the Fair Election Act, such as giving unequal airtime or allowing employees to work while campaigning, are subject to penalties including fines and suspensions. The Act aims to ensure free and fair elections through transparent campaign practices.
The document outlines a proposed radio program format for a "Fashion Radio Program Format" that would run for 70 minutes and focus on fashion tips, trends, and issues. It provides details on the target hosts, audience, advertisers, and breakdown of the program content and timing. A second document proposes a format for a "Health Radio Program Format" that would run for 10 minutes and also includes proposed hosts, audience, advertisers, and general structure.
The document outlines details for a final exam submission including the names of the students submitting and the course name. It provides information on the organization Angels Hand Foundation and their "Feed to Learn" program which aims to address malnutrition and lack of learning in children through a feeding program and educational activities. The program will be held on September 30th, 2012 to provide nutritious food and teach values and learning to participating children.
The document discusses the 5 steps in program planning for a local television station in Malolos, Bulacan called Ultimate TV (UTV). The key objectives are to be the voice of the people of Malolos and emphasize local issues, culture and entertainment. The priority is to be a unifying force in the community. Resources include human resources from the 11 member group with skills in photography, editing, music and more. Programs were executed through a 2-day location shoot. Control is maintained through group consensus.
The document summarizes injuries sustained by people celebrating New Year's Eve who were victims of fireworks explosions in Bulacan, Philippines. It describes interviews with two victims, Jeric Bostillos and Romy De Pablo, who suffered hand injuries when fireworks they were holding exploded unexpectedly. It concludes by recommending alternatives to fireworks to avoid similar injuries in future New Year celebrations.
Plagiarism is defined as taking someone else's words, research, or ideas and representing them as your own. There are three types of plagiarists: those who knowingly steal work, those who inadvertently fail to cite sources, and those who do it out of ignorance of plagiarism rules. Journalists face pressures like making stories interesting, being first, appearing objective, including multiple perspectives, and taking an adversarial stance that can contribute to ethical lapses. Ethics involves reasoned consideration of moral principles and dilemmas can involve absolutist deontological approaches versus situational teleological thinking. Common ethical frameworks include Kant's categorical imperative, Mill's utilitarianism, the Golden Rule, Aristotle's Golden Mean,
1. INTRODUCTION TO
BROADCASTING
LADY LEE
BAMC-2C
FRANZ JOSEPH MENDOZA
PROFESSOR
2. PHILOSOPHY OF DEVELOPMENT
BROADCASTING
People must be reached at their present age of educational
attainment and level of interest and understanding in order to help them
attain their articulated needs and interests. An implicit requirement that
these needs and interests be known and fully understood.
3. Uses Of Broadcasting
1. Reinforce messages
2. Informative or alerting device
3. Effects change by creating
awareness
4. Provide a perspective for considering
change
5. Help identify reference groups
4. What Are The Broadcast
Media?
RADIO
TELEVISION
(CABLE TELEVISION)
5. What is the equipment and who
are the personnel found in the TV
Studio?
6. CONTROL ROOM
Equipment Personnel
Video maker Executive producer
VTRs for playbacks & Director
Recording Technical Director
TV monitors for Audio Engineer
cameras, preview and VTR/Playback person
program
Computer Graphics
Special effects console Artist
Computer graphics (Writer)
equipment
Lights control panel
Audio Mixer
11. What Are The Camera
Movements?
Tilt up, down
Pan left, right
Dolly in, out
Track left, right
Zoom in, out
Focus, Defocus
12. What Are The Different TV
Transition Techniques?
Cut
Dissolve
Superimposition, ‘Super’
Special effects such as wipes, flip
and tumble, etc.
13. What Are The Different
Production Modes Or Set-ups
in the Broadcast Media?
Live or Taped
Studio or Remote
Raw or Edited
New, Fresh or File, Stock
ENG or SNG
14. How Are Broadcast
Stations Classified?
Private / Commercial or
Government
Sales Oriented or Program
Oriented
15. How Are Broadcast
Programs Classified?
Block time, Station Produced or
Co-Production
News & Public Affairs,
Entertainment or ‘Information’
Profit Center or Prestige Program
Local or Foreign (‘canned’)
16. Where Lies The Difference Between
News And Public Affairs?
NEWS- a report or account of an event, fact, development or
opinion
that reporters and editors, acting as agents for the public, believe will
interest or some may of those who receive it.
-Inform people urgently need in getting their bearings in a rapidly
changing world.
-Report of a recent event mark by fairness, currency, accuracy,
conciseness, balance, and objectivity.
17. P U B L I C A F F A I R S P R O G R A M S
those who are geared towards building an enlightened
citizenry through the discussion and clarification of issues of
national concern and international significance.
• Provide a forum for articulating views and opinions
from all sectors of society (KBP Television Code)
18. What Are The Different Program
Formats under Public Affairs?
TALK SHOWS- Interview, Discussion, Debate
•Talk Shows- Interview, Discussion, Debate
•News Special
•News Magazine
•Documentary
•Investigative Report
•Special / cultural Event
19. What are the 3Vs of being a
TV News Anchor Or Program
Host?
20. •VOICE: HOW TO SOUND GOOD •VISUAL: HOW TO LOOK GOOD
4Ps- Projection “CAM”- Carriage
Pronunciation Attire
Phrasing Make-up &
Hair
Pacing
•VALUES: HOW TO BE GOOD
4Cs- Credibility
Competence
Confidence
Concern
21. What Are The Different
Roles Of A TV Program
Host?
ANCHOR SPOKESPERSON
INTERVIEWER AD-LIB MASTER
LISTENER RESEARCHER /
MODERATOR REPPORTER
FACILITATOR ANALYST
INTERPRETER DEVIL’S
INTERROGATOR ADVOCATE
SUMMARIZER
SYNTHESIZER
22. PRIVELEGE OF TV
Advantages:
1. Reality/ concreteness of message is reinforced
2. Offers a common base of experiences to those
who watch the program at the same time
3. Can bring people, places, events on screen
4. Can magnify small objects
23. L I m I t a t I o n s:
1. Passivity/ inattentiveness (habitual watching)
2. Highly competitive
3. TV never tends to become critical
4. More Expensive
5. Delayed Feedback
6. Exorable
24. How To Become A Good
Interviewer?
Always be on time.
Be sure to introduce yourself and explain the purpose
of the interview properly.
Be curious but ask only intelligent questions.
Until you develop your own style, go ahead…be a
copycat.
Keep a simple conversational style.
Be conscious of your appearance, voice, language,
mannerisms, gestures, facial expressions, posture
and behavior.
Be bold and direct.
Do not lose control.
Plan your approach accordingly for any type of
interview.
25. What Are The 3 Ways Of Conducting
An Interview?
INFORMATION INTERVIEW- When you gather
information to be used in reporting and tracking down
additional information from other sources: Face to face or
on telephone.
FIELD INTERVIEW- Requires a camera to pick up sound
bites which should be incorporated in news stories and
documentaries.
26. PRODUCTION INTERVIEW- Requires 2 cameras and is
done in a studio, in a carefully chosen location outside the
studio, or sometimes with the interviewer and interviewee in
different places.
- May be an entire program, a segment of a program or a live
interview in a news program.
27. What Are News Packages?
1. In Radio, there are 2 Types:
Voicer
Wraparound
2. In TV, there are also 2 Types:
Package
Wraparound
28. What Are 3 The Basic
Patterns Of A News
Packages?
Reporter- Sound Bite- Reporter
Reporter- Sound Bite- Reporter- Sound Bite-
Reporter
Reporter- Sound Bite- Sound Bite- Reporter
29. What Is The Basic Structure
Of A News Packages?
A line or two of the hard news
Set up sound bite (s)
Add some information
Then close with a signature (name, news
organization, dateline)
30. Some Ground Rules:
On The Record
Whatever is said to the journalist may be
published and directly attributed by the name to
the interviewee. It is by far the best way to get
your message across.
31. On Background
Whatever is said to the journalist may be
published, but with attribution to a previously
agreed upon identification. It is generally used
when the institutional interests represented by
the interviewee may be damaged by direct
attribution. Examples: “an official spokesman of
…”, “a well informed source”, “an expert on…”
32. On Deep Background
Whatever said to the journalist may be
published, but without attribution of any kind.
The information should appear as a conclusion
drawn by the journalist as a result of his inquiries.
It should only be uses when “On Background”
would lead to quick identification to the
interviewee and serious institutional damage,
since it represents difficulty for the journalist.
33. Off The Record
Often misused, this ground rule, as the
words imply, means that the journalist will receive
information that is not to be published under any
circumstances. Use is generally restricted to
emergency situations involving the physical well-
being of the participants in the interview, or
others who may be the subject of the interview.
34. RADIO NEWS STYLE
Listeners depend only on their sense of hearing.
They cannot go back to a story once they miss something.
The newscaster therefore should not be put in a doubtful
position while he reads. If there are difficult words or phrases
in a news story, the newscaster might stammer or stutter.
35. Be Informal- write the way one talks to a friend across the
table – minus the errors and objectionable words.
Avoid Long Sentences- people are not used to making
long, complex sentences in ordinary conversation.
Provide Breathers- give the announcer a chance to
breathe.
Mention The Source Of The Information- always begin
with the source of the story and not at the middle or at the
end of the sentences.
Use Transitional Words- like therefore, however, likewise,
also, furthermore at the beginning of sentence.
Prefer The Indirect Quotation- this makes for smoother,
readable copy.
36. Handle Figures Properly- avoid them unless they are
vital part of the story.
Avoid Abbreviations- a good rule to follow in handling
abbreviations is, when in doubt, write it out.
Always Use The Present Tense Whenever Possible-
this adds to immediacy.
Avoid Tongue Twisters or Tanglers- change words or
phrases which are hard to read.
Provide Phonetic Spelling- new words and those difficult
to pronounce should be provided with a phonetic spelling
right after the word.
37. Radio Program Formats
Panel Discussion Documentary
Musical Program
•Integrated
Variety Program Farm, Homemaking
•Diversed
Drama
Special Events
Radio Vision •Scheduled
Talk Program
News •Unscheduled
•Subject Public Service /
Affairs
•Special Audience Radio Forum
•Variety
School-On-The-Air Magazine Program
News Program Radio Spots / Plugs
38. Elements Of AudioCraft
SOUND EFFECTS
Functions And Sound 5. Establish time, event and
Effects place
6. Heighten Emotions
Action
Principles of Musical
Setting Scoring
Symbolic Novelty
Consistency
• MUSIC
Unobtrusiveness
Uses Of Music
1. Theme Music
2. Shift Scenes
3. Bridge/Transition
Music
4. Indicate Action
39. VOICE
Pacing and Delivery
1. Marking
2. Intended Use
3. Visualize audience
Pronunciation and
Enunciation
1. Speak Naturally
2. Role Model
3. Pronunciation Guide
Emoting
1. “Picture” in mind
2. Body Language
3. Stress
4. Practice
Modulation