This document summarizes an experiment to measure the resistance of 4 resistors using a digital multimeter. It describes calculating the ideal, upper, and lower resistance values based on each resistor's color bands. For each resistor, it records the color bands, ideal value, tolerance range, measured value, difference between measured and ideal values, and percentage difference. All 4 resistors were within the rated tolerance range. The conclusion states the document found the specified 3-band resistor for the next lab experiment but does not give further details.

1. MA20578 1
Four Resistors being Calculated by the theory and measuredby using the Digital Multimeter on 01/26/2018
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CALCULATE AND MEASURE THE VALUE
OF RESISTOR
Hemendra Raval, East West University, EET 102, Professor Badrinath Mirmira
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2. RA20604 2
This lab project was performed to find the exact measurement of OHMS according to Ohm’s Law of each of the 8 group of 4
band resistors by calculating the normal value by the measured value and looking for total difference. Our objective was to be
able to calculate the equivalent resistance of seriescircuits and the ± percentage in range of deviation which is called the
tolerance of the resistor family. By doing so, we have to take the normal (ideal) value of each resistor and then look for its
measured value on the digital multimeter for total Ohms.
I. INTRODUCTION1
ESISTOR is a passive two-terminal electrical component
that implements electrical resistance as a circuit
element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce
current flow, adjust signal levels to divide voltages, bias
active elements, and terminate transmission lines. High-
power resistors can dissipate many watts of electrical power
as heat, may be used as part of motor controls, in power
distribution systems, or as test loads for generators. Fixed
resistors have resistances that only change slightly with
temperature, time or operating voltage. Variable resistors
can be used to adjust circuit elements (such as a volume
control or a lamp dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat,
light, humidity, force, or chemical activity.
II. METHODS AND PROCEDURES
A. ColorCodes for Resistors
Our first task was to get the color code for each of the four
band resistors.We had a total of eight resistors at our lab
station,so we used the color codeto look for ideal value,
percentage range, and tolerance. Our second taskwas to
then take each four band resistor and measure them by
using the then took the red and black clips (red being +),
and black being -), and placed them on each end of the
resistor to get a reading from the digital multimeter(DMM)
to measure the resistor. We made sure that the DMM
comes on and does not indicate a low battery condition.
Once we got the reading, we then took that measured value
and did the calculations for 3 values: IDEAL VALUE,which
involved taking the first two numbers of the codes to see
the ideal value; the third indicates the power of ten to
indicate the number in scientific notation, and the fourth
band indicates the tolerance or the uncertainty expressed as
a percentage in the value of the resistance (gold: ±5%,
silver: ±10%, no 4th band: ±20%). UPPER VALUE, which
we calculated that ideal value subtracting it from the
1
This work was supported in part by East West University, Electronic
Engineering Department, 816 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60605.
Hemendra Raval is with the department of electric engineering at East
West University,Chicago,IL 60605(Ravalhemendra_1980@Yahoo.com).
measured value of the resistor, multiplied by the tolerance
level for either gold or silver tolerance, and divided it by the
normal value.LOWER VALUE, which took the normal
value and multiplied it by the tolerance number and divided
it by 100. Below is the formula for doing so:
% = (Normal Value – Measured Value) x 100%
Normal Value
B. Equipment’s required:
Equipment required for this lab project was a digital
multimeter (to get measurements in value) tray of resistors,
alligator clips, the cords attached to digital multimeter, and
band boards.
C. Procedures
We first took each of the four band resistors and then
placed the red and black clips (red being +), and (black
being -), and placed them on each end of the resistor to get
a reading from the multimeter. From there, we took what
the measured value was and then looked for percentage in
difference.
To Calculate the Difference in Percentage
For each resistor, we got the following measurements and
difference of percentage:
Resistor 1
Orange, Yellow, Orange, Gold
343± 5%
34Ω x 103 ± 5% = 34K
Ideal Value of Resistor =34KΩ ± 5%
Upper Value(105% )=34KΩ + 1.7 = 35.7
Lower Value(95% ) = 34KΩ - 1.7= 32.3
Measured Value of Resistor= 33.8KΩ
Calculate and Measure Value of Resistor
Hemendra Raval, East West University, EET 102, Professor Badrinath Mirmira
R

3. MA20578 3
Difference Value = 0.2KΩ
Difference in Percentage = 0.58%
Resistor 2
Yellow, Violet, Red, Gold
4 7 2± 5%
4.7 k Ω x 102 ± 5%
Ideal Value of Resistor =4.7KΩ ± 5%
Upper Value (105% ) =4.7KΩ + 0.235 = 4.94KΩ
Lower Value(95% ) = 4.7KΩ - 0.235= 4.47KΩ
Measured Value of Resistor= 4.61KΩ
Difference Value = 0.09KΩ
Difference in Percentage = 1.91%
Resistor 3
Yellow, Violet, Brown, Gold
4 7 1 ± 5%
47 x 101± 5% = 470Ω
Ideal Value of Resistor = 470Ω ± 5%
Upper Value (105% ) = 470 + 23.5 = 494Ω
Lower Value(95% ) = 470 - 23.5 = 447Ω
Measured Value of Resistor= 463Ω
Difference Value = 7Ω
Difference in Percentage = 1.98%
Resistor 4
Orange, White, Orange, Gold
3 9 3 ± 5%
39 x 103 = 39KΩ
Ideal Value of Resistor =39kΩ ± 5%
Upper Value (105% ) =39+ 2 = 41KΩ
Lower Value(95% ) = 39 - 2 = 37KΩ
Measured Value of Resistor= 38.9KΩ
Difference Value = 0.1KΩ
Difference in Percentage = 0.256%
D. Final Stage
We then determined each of the final percentage in
difference of each resistor after testing for measured value,
and calculating them according to the formula given.
III. RESULTS
Part I of our lab included:
We took the 4 (Four) resistors and calculated and meas
ure the value.
R1 color coding, Orange, Yellow, Orange Gold= 34K
R2 color coding, Red, violet, Red, gold = 4.7K
R3 color coding, Yellow, Violet, Brown, gold = 470
R4 color coding, Orange, White, Orange gold = 39K
Tolerance Color Codes:
Noband = 20%; silver = 10%; gold= 5%;
IV. CONCLUSION
In summary, we found that we had to use the same three
band resistor of that reads grey red, red, and gold to then
proceed for lab 2. However, we found that.
REFERENCES
[1] Sengpiel Audio, “Ohm’s Law: Calculator and all Formulas (Online
Sources)”.
[2] Put author here, Component symbols and simple circuits (Online
Source),” M ST Workbooks
[3] Mitchele E. Shultz,Grob’s Basic Electronics. 11th
Revised Edition,
2011, ch. 4.
[4] Online Source, “Circuits of Today,” published.
[5] (Basic Book/Monograph Online Sources),“All About Circuits”
ONLINE.Available:
https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/