Kuttanad.
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Kuttanad is a low-lying region in Kerala located around Vembanad Lake, the largest lake in the state. More than half the area is less than sea level, making it prone to flooding. Several rivers flow through Kuttanad and drain into Vembanad Lake. To address flooding, the Tottapalli spillway and Thannermukkam bund were constructed. However, pollution from fertilizers and waste has affected the local environment. While agriculture was previously done by hand, farmers now use modern machinery. Tourism has also increased in the area, with houseboats on Vembanad Lake being a major attraction.
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Kuttanad, located in Kerala, India, is known as the "rice bowl" due to its vast stretches of verdant rice paddies interlaced with backwaters. It has the lowest altitude in India and farming is done below sea level. The region's livelihood comes from rice cultivation, fishing, duck rearing, and coir industry. However, use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers has polluted lakes and rivers, reducing water availability and degrading soil quality over time. Flooding during heavy rains also damages crops frequently.
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The document discusses India's drainage systems and major rivers. It describes the two main river systems - the Himalayan rivers which originate in the Himalayas, including the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers, and the Peninsular rivers which flow eastwards towards the Bay of Bengal. It provides details on the basins and tributaries of major rivers like the Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna and Kaveri Rivers. It also discusses the roles of rivers in the economy, issues of river pollution, and conservation efforts.
Rainwater harvesting
Rainwater harvesting has a long history in India and provides many benefits. It reduces costs, conserves water resources, and is a simple technique appropriate for both rural and urban areas. Traditional methods were widely used across India and involved collecting rainwater and storing it for multiple uses. Many regions developed innovative indigenous solutions, such as kunds in Rajasthan and bamboo drip irrigation in Meghalaya. While rainwater harvesting declined in some places, its importance is now being recognized again and modern techniques are reviving traditional methods.
Monisha powerpoint
Kuttanadu is a low-lying region of Kerala known for its traditional rice cultivation methods. The area lies below sea level and is crisscrossed by several rivers. Rice has long been the major crop grown using indigenous techniques. Fields were surrounded by elevated bunds and water was drained using water wheels. Seeds of varieties like Chambavu and Karutha Chara were sown after preparing the fields. Pests were eliminated by gathering them in baskets or trapping them when water levels rose. The livelihoods of people in the region revolved around cooperative agricultural activities and the fertile black soil. A feudal-like social system involving bonded laborers also characterized this traditional way of life in K
Liza
Kuttanadu is a low-lying region of Kerala known for traditional rice cultivation methods. Rice is the major crop, traditionally cultivated once every two to three years using seeds like Chambavu and Karutha Chara. Farmers built elevated bunds and used water wheels to drain fields subjected to flooding. Workers eliminated pests using methods like gathering them in baskets when the fields were partially filled with water. The traditional social structure involved a feudal-like system with bonded laborers living like slaves under landowners.
Bangladesh Research Site_ Dr. M Shahjahan Mondal
This document provides an overview of the study area of Khulna City and surrounding regions in Bangladesh, including:
1) A brief description of the geographical and hydrological setting of the area, including its location within the Ganges river basin and coastal plain.
2) An outline of the existing water management challenges facing Khulna City, such as water logging, drainage issues, declining groundwater levels, and water quality concerns.
3) A summary of the history and development of Khulna City, noting its importance as an industrial center after partition from India and more recent economic shifts focusing on shrimp cultivation.
Fresh Water Augmentation and Salinity Management in Kuttanad
The Thanneermukkam bund was constructed to resolve the salinity problems faced by the farmers of Kuttanad; though it could reduce the problems to a large extend it had many ill effects such as water pollution, spread of aquatic weeds and other flora and fauna related problems. The main objective is to reduce the salinity level in Vembanad Lake during summer season that is during the closure period of Thanneermukkam Bund (TMB). The problem is solved efficiently by adapting following methods (1) water is taken from Muvattupuzha River, and conveyed through a regulator to Kuttanad region during summer season to dilute the water and keep the salinity below 2ppt and (2) water is collected in the pazhnilam before the closure of TMB and pumped out into Lake surrounding at times of acute shortage. The design of the regulator, its location and working is also discussed along with the various management techniques to be adopted in Kuttanad for effective implementation of the project. A proposal for management of water quantity and salinity for the natural water system of Kuttanad is developed.
Urban Flooding causes and Management Dr.Reddy
The document discusses urban flooding causes and management. It notes that heavy rainfall in Andhra Pradesh in September-October 2009 caused widespread flooding that displaced over 1.3 million people and killed 199. Flooding is caused by both natural factors like heavy rainfall and silted drainage systems, as well as human factors such as urbanization, deforestation, and lack of proper drainage infrastructure. Flood management requires reducing exposure to floods through land use planning, improving drainage systems, and implementing preparedness, response and recovery measures at the national, state, district and local levels in accordance with the Disaster Management Act of 2005.
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Kuttanad.
- 2. KUTTANADU
- 3. LOCATION OF KUTTANAD IN KERALA
- 4. PADDY FIELD IN KUTTANAD. Vembanad lake is the biggest back water in kerala. Kuttanad spreads over the land of the back waters. More or less half of the area in kuttanad is lying below sea level. The rivers Pamba, Muvattupuzha, Meenachil, Manimala and Achankovil flow through Kuttanad and join the Vembanad Lake
- 5. CATCHING FISH FROM THE COURTYARD
- 6. TOTTAPPILLI SPILWAY This project was designed as a permenant solution to the flood situation in kuttanad.
- 7. THANNER MUKKAM BUND • The saline water from the sea that enters the Vembanattu back waters during summer spoiled the cultivation in kuttanad. More than one crop is possible if one can control this saline water entry. • The construction was over by 1974. it was possible to close the regulator of shutters during December-June when the saline water enters, and then open it during the monsoon.
- 8. Kuttanad then and now THEN NOW
- 10. THE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION PROBLEMS OF KUTTANAD • When the Taneermukkam Bund was constructed, the southern part of the Vembanad Lake became fresh water sources and the natural flow of water was affected, resulting in the stagnation of water. • Chemical fertilizers and pesticides flowed to the stagnant backwaters and the water was polluted. • The soak of the coconut husk in the back water area also is creating environmental pollution.
- 11. FARMER OF TODAY • Today farmers have tractors and harvest machines for agriculture.
- 13. • ALAPPUZHA, LIKE VENICE, IS FULL OF CANALS AND BACK WATERS AND IS KNOWN AS “VENICE OF THE EAST”. LIKE MOUNTAINS VALLEYS AND SEASHORES KUTTANAD BACK WATERS ALSO ATTRACTS TOURISTS. “KETTUVALLAMS” MADE FOR THE TOURISTS ARE THE MAIN ATTARACTIONS.
- 14. KETTUVALLAM. KETTUVALLAMS MADE FOR THE TOURISTS MAIN ATTARACTIONS.