Driving forces cause change by pushing a system away from equilibrium, while restraining forces oppose change and push a system towards equilibrium. Equilibrium exists when driving and restraining forces are balanced. Kurt Lewin's model of change involves three stages - unfreezing the current situation, moving to a new situation through change, and refreezing the new situation into place. This document discusses applying this model to replacing typewriters with computers in an organization, where resistance to learning computers is a restraining force and increased productivity/knowledge are driving forces.

3. 

Driving Forces are forces that push in a
direction that causes change to occur.
They cause a shift in the equilibrium
towards change.

4. 

Restraining forces are forces that counter
driving forces. They oppose change.
Restraining forces cause a shift in the
equilibrium which opposes change

5. 

Equilibrium is a state of being where driving
forces equal restraining forces and no change
occurs.
Equilibrium can be raised or lowered by
changes that occur between the driving and
restraining forces.

7. 
Consists of three distinct and vital
stages:
Unfreezing”
“
“Moving
to a new level or Changing”
“Refreezing”

8. 

Here, apprehension about learning
computer and unwillingness to accept
the change can be restraining force.
And, up-gradation of knowledge and
increase in productivity can be a positive
driving force.

9. 




This starts by challenging many of the beliefs,
attitudes, and behaviour of people within the
organization.
Motivation for change should be generated
before change can occur.
During this everyone feels that things are
becoming off balance as new system will make
their job difficult.
We need to sell the benefits of the change to
everyone involved i. e. benefits of replacing
type-writers with computers
Also address any doubts or concerns.

10. 




Once the organization has gone through the
unfreeze stage, effective change can begin
within the organization.
Time and frequent communication are two key
factors for the change to occur.
People need to understand the changes as they
occur and feel that they are part of the change.
Some take a long time to learn the computers.
This can lead to fear and rumours that need to
be handled quickly which should be taken care
of.

11. 




It is the process to integrate the new behavior
into the person’s thinking and attitude.
Once the changes have taken effect, we need to
make them believe that their productivity and
knowledge will go up as the start learning
computer.
One should make sure that people get
comfortable in using the computers.
Also to provide clear communications, support
and training.
And to celebrate the successful completion of
changes.