This document summarizes several cranial nerves and their functions: - The oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves are parasympathetic cranial nerves. The oculomotor nerve innervates eye muscles. The facial nerve innervates facial muscles and glands. The glossopharyngeal nerve innervates the parotid gland and tongue. The vagus nerve innervates organs in the neck, chest and abdomen. - The trigeminal nerve is a major sensory nerve of the face and also innervates muscles that help with chewing. The facial nerve carries taste sensations and innervates glands and the stapedius muscle. The glossopharyngeal nerve carries

1. CRANIAL NERVES
III, V, VII, IX, X

2. Parasympathetic Cranial Nerves
 Oculomotor (III)
 Facial (VII)
 Glossopharyngeal (IX)
 Vagus (X)

3. Oculomotor Nerve
 Modalities:
GSM:
From:
Oculomotor complex.
To:
4 of 6 extrinsic muscles of the eye.
Levator palpebrae superioris.

4. Oculomotor Nerve
 Modalities:
GVM:
Preganglionics:
From:
Edinger-Westphal nucleus.
To:
Ciliary ganglion.
Postganglionics:
To:
Sphincter pupillae.

6. Trigeminal Nerve
 Three branches:
Ophthalmic.
Maxillary.
Mandibular.
 Major sensory nerve to face.
(Also supplies tongue, but this is general sensory,
not special sensory for taste.)
 Motor to muscles of mastication:
Muscles derived from first pharyngeal arch
(mandibular arch).

8. Trigeminal Nerve
 Not parasympathetic.
 Modalities:
SVM:
From:
Masticator nucleus.
To:
Muscles of mastication.
Tensor veli palatini.
Tensor tympani.
Mylohyoid.
Anterior belly of digastric.

9. Trigeminal Nerve
 Modalities:
GSS:
Cell bodies of sensory neurons in trigeminal
(semilunar) ganglion.
Sensory to:
Face and anterior scalp.
Conjunctiva and eyeball.
Paranasal sinuses.
Nasal and oral cavities.
Anterior 2/3 of tongue.
External surface of ear drum.
Dura of middle and anterior cranial fossae.

10. Facial Nerve
 Primary motor nerve to muscles of facial
expression.
Supplies muscles derived from second
pharyngeal arch (hyoid arch).
Branches:
Temporal.
Zygomatic.
Buccal.
Mandibular.
Cervical.

11. Facial Nerve
 Carries taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue.
 Carries motor to submandibular and
sublingual salivary glands.
 Carries motor to lacrimal gland and
mucous glands in nose.

13. Facial Nerve
 Modalities:
GVM:
Preganglionics:
From:
Superior salivatory and lacrimal
nuclei.
To:
Submandibular/sublingual
ganglia.

14. Facial Nerve
 Modalities:
GVM:
Postganglionics:
To:
Lacrimal gland.
Submandibular gland.
Sublingual gland.
Mucous glands of mouth and
nose.

15. Facial Nerve
 Modalities:
GSS:
Cell bodies of sensory neurons in geniculate
ganglion.
Supplies sensory to part of external ear.

16. Facial Nerve
 Modalities:
SVS:
Cell bodies of sensory neurons in geniculate
ganglion.
Carries taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue.
Carries taste from hard and soft palates.

17. Glossopharyngeal Nerve
 Motor to parotid gland.
 Carries taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue.
 Supplies general sensation to posterior 1/3 of
tongue.
 Supplies muscles derived from third pharyngeal
arch.

18. Glossopharyngeal Nerve
 Modalities:
SVM:
From:
Nucleus ambiguous.
To:
Stylopharyngeus.

19. Glossopharyngeal Nerve
 Modalities:
GVS:
From:
Carotid body.
Carotid sinus.

21. Glossopharyngeal Nerve
 Modalities:
GVM:
Preganglionics:
From:
Inferior salivatory nucleus.
To:
Otic ganglion.
Postganglionics:
To:
Parotid gland.

22. Glossopharyngeal Nerve
 Modalities:
GSS:
From:
Posterior 1/3 of tongue.
External ear.
Middle ear cavity.

23. Glossopharyngeal Nerve
 Modalities:
SVS:
From:
Posterior 1/3 of tongue (taste).

24. Vagus Nerve
 Motor to muscles of larynx:
Muscles of fourth and fifth pharyngeal
arches.
Important in swallowing and speaking.
 Major parasympathetic nerve to thoracic
and abdominal organs:
Parasympathetic supply distally to left colic
(splenic) flexure.

25. Vagus Nerve
 Modalities:
SVM:
From:
Nucleus ambiguous.
To:
Almost all muscles of pharynx and
larynx.

26. Vagus Nerve
 Modalities:
GVS:
From:
Larynx and pharynx.
Thoracic and abdominal viscera.
GSS:
From external ear and pharynx.

27. Vagus Nerve
 Modalities:
GVM:
Preganglionics:
From:
Dorsal motor nucleus.
To:
Myenteric plexus of wall of gut
tube.

28. Vagus Nerve
 Modalities:
GVM:
Postganglionics:
Smooth muscle of pharynx and larynx.
Smooth muscle of most of wall of gut
tube.