This study assessed the knowledge and practices of nurses in Sana'a, Yemen regarding needlestick injury prevention measures. A survey of 259 nurses found that 44% had poor knowledge of prevention measures and 76.5% had poor practices. The level of knowledge was significantly associated with gender and hospital, while practices did not significantly vary by demographics. Needlestick injuries were commonly reported, with 37.5% of nurses experiencing one in the last 6 months, but most injuries went unreported. The results indicate that knowledge and prevention practices among nurses need to be improved through education programs.
This study examined the level of compliance with general precaution principles among employees working in the emergency rooms of selected hospitals in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in Iran. The researchers found that overall compliance was moderate, being highest for use of patient care equipment (78.1%) and lowest for hand washing (35.1%). Compliance varied significantly based on gender, profession, training, and other factors. The study concludes that compliance needs to improve to reduce risks of disease transmission given emergency room workers' high risk of exposure.
A Study on Awareness of Needle sticks injury in students undergoing paramedic...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Exploring Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of ICU Health Workers Regarding ...QUESTJOURNAL
Background: Nosocomial Infection is a localized or systemic infection acquired at any health care facility including hospitals by a patient admitted for any reason other than the pathology present during admission. Including an infection acquired in a healthcare facility that manifest 48 hours after the patient's admission or discharge. Objective: Themain aim of this study is toassess the level of knowledge, attitudes and practice of ICU health personnel with regards to the spread of nosocomial infections. Methodology: A cross-sectional and facility based study was conducted from March to November 2016 at King Khalid hospital in Najran, Saudi Arabia. By adopting convenience technique, 50 subjects had been recruited to participate in this study. Results: 62% of respondentswere female. The mean age was 29 years. Concerning educational status, 54% of the participants have Bsc. professionally most of them (48%) were nurses. 60% of the participants have less than three year working experience in ICU.86% of them highlighted that hands must be washed with soap and water or even rubbed with alcohol before contacting with patients. Additionally, the result reveals that employees who had master degree or above displayed higher mean knowledge scores as compared to the other two groups (diploma or less & bachelor) (0.7147 & 4.6656) respectively. High significant statistical differences were found between the three academic groups in relation to sharp devices, personal protective equipment (gloves, gowns &masks), care of intravenous infusion therapy, central line care and urinary catheter care (F=4.594, F=7.982, F=5.539, F=4.471, F=15.310, F=4.345) respectively at p < 0.05. Recommendation & conclusion: Health workers in ICU (King Khalid hospital) showed adequate knowledge and faire attitude regarding universal precautions
The study assessed the knowledge and practice of hepatitis B prevention among 192 healthcare workers in a Nigerian hospital. The results showed that:
1) 99.5% of respondents had good knowledge of hepatitis B infection, though not all with good knowledge carried out good prevention practices.
2) Most respondents had good knowledge of hepatitis B prevention through vaccination, protective equipment, handwashing, and antiseptics.
3) 60.9% reported good prevention practices, though years of experience was not significantly associated with practice level.
4) Barriers to hepatitis B vaccination included vaccine availability, cost, and needle injection fears.
SYSTEMS-LEVEL QUALITY IMPROVEMENTFrom Cues to Nudge A Knolisandrai1k
SYSTEMS-LEVEL QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
From Cues to Nudge: A Knowledge-Based Framework
for Surveillance of Healthcare-Associated Infections
Arash Shaban-Nejad1,2 & Hiroshi Mamiya2 & Alexandre Riazanov3 & Alan J. Forster4 &
Christopher J. O. Baker2,5 & Robyn Tamblyn2 & David L. Buckeridge2
Received: 3 June 2015 /Accepted: 30 September 2015 /Published online: 4 November 2015
# Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015
Abstract We propose an integrated semantic web framework
consisting of formal ontologies, web services, a reasoner and a
rule engine that together recommend appropriate level of
patient-care based on the defined semantic rules and guide-
lines. The classification of healthcare-associated infections
within the HAIKU (Hospital Acquired Infections – Knowl-
edge in Use) framework enables hospitals to consistently fol-
low the standards along with their routine clinical practice and
diagnosis coding to improve quality of care and patient safety.
The HAI ontology (HAIO) groups over thousands of codes
into a consistent hierarchy of concepts, along with relation-
ships and axioms to capture knowledge on hospital-associated
infections and complications with focus on the big four types,
surgical site infections (SSIs), catheter-associated urinary tract
infection (CAUTI); hospital-acquired pneumonia, and blood
stream infection. By employing statistical inferencing in our
study we use a set of heuristics to define the rule axioms to
improve the SSI case detection. We also demonstrate how the
occurrence of an SSI is identified using semantic e-triggers.
The e-triggers will be used to improve our risk assessment of
post-operative surgical site infections (SSIs) for patients un-
dergoing certain type of surgeries (e.g., coronary artery bypass
graft surgery (CABG)).
Keywords Ontologies . Knowledge modeling .
Healthcare-associated infections . Surveillance . Semantic
framework . Surgical site infections
Introduction
Healthcare-associated Infections (HAIs) affect millions of
patients around the world, killing hundreds of thousands
and imposing, directly or indirectly, a significant socio-
economic burden on healthcare systems [1]. According
to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) [2], hospital-
acquired infections in the U.S., where the point preva-
lence of HAIs among hospitalized patients is 4 %, result
in an estimated 1.7 million infections, which lead to as
many as 99,000 deaths and cost up to $45 billion annually
[3, 4]. Similar or higher rates of HAI occur in other coun-
tries as well with an estimated 10.5 % of patients in Ca-
nadian hospitals having an HAI [5]. Clinical assessment
and laboratory testing are generally used to detect and
confirm an infection, identify its origin, and determine
appropriate infection control methods to stop the infection
from spreading within a healthcare institution. Failure to
monitor, and detect HAI in timely manner can delay di-
agnosis, leading to complications (e.g., sepsis), and
allowing an epid ...
SYSTEMS-LEVEL QUALITY IMPROVEMENTFrom Cues to Nudge A Kno.docxdeanmtaylor1545
The document proposes a knowledge-based framework called HAIKU that uses ontologies, web services, and rules to improve surveillance of healthcare-associated infections. The framework focuses on consistently classifying infections like surgical site infections according to standards and guidelines. It uses the HAI ontology to group thousands of codes into a hierarchy of infection concepts and relationships. Statistical analysis and heuristics are used to define rules to improve detection of surgical site infection cases. The framework aims to use "e-triggers" identified through the ontology to better assess risk of postoperative infections for certain surgeries.
Developing proactive protocol of blood borne and body fluids infections for s...Alexander Decker
The document discusses developing a proactive protocol to prevent blood-borne infections among health professional students. A study was conducted surveying 300 medical, dental, and nursing students about factors related to needlestick and sharp injuries, knowledge of precautions, and learning needs. Key findings include most injuries occurred during intravenous blood draws and injections. Students reported needing training on preventive measures and equipment to avoid infections. A proactive protocol focused on prevention was developed based on study results.
KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES AMONG SURGEONS REGARDING CROSS INFECTION CONTROL PROC...Anil Haripriya
The study revealed good knowledge of infection control procedures but there were problems in practices of
sterilization. Most of them did not separate the needle from the syringe prior to disposal therefore needle
prick injuries were common. So more intensive and regular training programs to surgeons must be included
in the plans of quality control in all hospital and regular inspection from the ministry of health guarantees
good infection control practices
This study examined the level of compliance with general precaution principles among employees working in the emergency rooms of selected hospitals in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in Iran. The researchers found that overall compliance was moderate, being highest for use of patient care equipment (78.1%) and lowest for hand washing (35.1%). Compliance varied significantly based on gender, profession, training, and other factors. The study concludes that compliance needs to improve to reduce risks of disease transmission given emergency room workers' high risk of exposure.
A Study on Awareness of Needle sticks injury in students undergoing paramedic...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Exploring Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of ICU Health Workers Regarding ...QUESTJOURNAL
Background: Nosocomial Infection is a localized or systemic infection acquired at any health care facility including hospitals by a patient admitted for any reason other than the pathology present during admission. Including an infection acquired in a healthcare facility that manifest 48 hours after the patient's admission or discharge. Objective: Themain aim of this study is toassess the level of knowledge, attitudes and practice of ICU health personnel with regards to the spread of nosocomial infections. Methodology: A cross-sectional and facility based study was conducted from March to November 2016 at King Khalid hospital in Najran, Saudi Arabia. By adopting convenience technique, 50 subjects had been recruited to participate in this study. Results: 62% of respondentswere female. The mean age was 29 years. Concerning educational status, 54% of the participants have Bsc. professionally most of them (48%) were nurses. 60% of the participants have less than three year working experience in ICU.86% of them highlighted that hands must be washed with soap and water or even rubbed with alcohol before contacting with patients. Additionally, the result reveals that employees who had master degree or above displayed higher mean knowledge scores as compared to the other two groups (diploma or less & bachelor) (0.7147 & 4.6656) respectively. High significant statistical differences were found between the three academic groups in relation to sharp devices, personal protective equipment (gloves, gowns &masks), care of intravenous infusion therapy, central line care and urinary catheter care (F=4.594, F=7.982, F=5.539, F=4.471, F=15.310, F=4.345) respectively at p < 0.05. Recommendation & conclusion: Health workers in ICU (King Khalid hospital) showed adequate knowledge and faire attitude regarding universal precautions
The study assessed the knowledge and practice of hepatitis B prevention among 192 healthcare workers in a Nigerian hospital. The results showed that:
1) 99.5% of respondents had good knowledge of hepatitis B infection, though not all with good knowledge carried out good prevention practices.
2) Most respondents had good knowledge of hepatitis B prevention through vaccination, protective equipment, handwashing, and antiseptics.
3) 60.9% reported good prevention practices, though years of experience was not significantly associated with practice level.
4) Barriers to hepatitis B vaccination included vaccine availability, cost, and needle injection fears.
SYSTEMS-LEVEL QUALITY IMPROVEMENTFrom Cues to Nudge A Knolisandrai1k
SYSTEMS-LEVEL QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
From Cues to Nudge: A Knowledge-Based Framework
for Surveillance of Healthcare-Associated Infections
Arash Shaban-Nejad1,2 & Hiroshi Mamiya2 & Alexandre Riazanov3 & Alan J. Forster4 &
Christopher J. O. Baker2,5 & Robyn Tamblyn2 & David L. Buckeridge2
Received: 3 June 2015 /Accepted: 30 September 2015 /Published online: 4 November 2015
# Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015
Abstract We propose an integrated semantic web framework
consisting of formal ontologies, web services, a reasoner and a
rule engine that together recommend appropriate level of
patient-care based on the defined semantic rules and guide-
lines. The classification of healthcare-associated infections
within the HAIKU (Hospital Acquired Infections – Knowl-
edge in Use) framework enables hospitals to consistently fol-
low the standards along with their routine clinical practice and
diagnosis coding to improve quality of care and patient safety.
The HAI ontology (HAIO) groups over thousands of codes
into a consistent hierarchy of concepts, along with relation-
ships and axioms to capture knowledge on hospital-associated
infections and complications with focus on the big four types,
surgical site infections (SSIs), catheter-associated urinary tract
infection (CAUTI); hospital-acquired pneumonia, and blood
stream infection. By employing statistical inferencing in our
study we use a set of heuristics to define the rule axioms to
improve the SSI case detection. We also demonstrate how the
occurrence of an SSI is identified using semantic e-triggers.
The e-triggers will be used to improve our risk assessment of
post-operative surgical site infections (SSIs) for patients un-
dergoing certain type of surgeries (e.g., coronary artery bypass
graft surgery (CABG)).
Keywords Ontologies . Knowledge modeling .
Healthcare-associated infections . Surveillance . Semantic
framework . Surgical site infections
Introduction
Healthcare-associated Infections (HAIs) affect millions of
patients around the world, killing hundreds of thousands
and imposing, directly or indirectly, a significant socio-
economic burden on healthcare systems [1]. According
to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) [2], hospital-
acquired infections in the U.S., where the point preva-
lence of HAIs among hospitalized patients is 4 %, result
in an estimated 1.7 million infections, which lead to as
many as 99,000 deaths and cost up to $45 billion annually
[3, 4]. Similar or higher rates of HAI occur in other coun-
tries as well with an estimated 10.5 % of patients in Ca-
nadian hospitals having an HAI [5]. Clinical assessment
and laboratory testing are generally used to detect and
confirm an infection, identify its origin, and determine
appropriate infection control methods to stop the infection
from spreading within a healthcare institution. Failure to
monitor, and detect HAI in timely manner can delay di-
agnosis, leading to complications (e.g., sepsis), and
allowing an epid ...
SYSTEMS-LEVEL QUALITY IMPROVEMENTFrom Cues to Nudge A Kno.docxdeanmtaylor1545
The document proposes a knowledge-based framework called HAIKU that uses ontologies, web services, and rules to improve surveillance of healthcare-associated infections. The framework focuses on consistently classifying infections like surgical site infections according to standards and guidelines. It uses the HAI ontology to group thousands of codes into a hierarchy of infection concepts and relationships. Statistical analysis and heuristics are used to define rules to improve detection of surgical site infection cases. The framework aims to use "e-triggers" identified through the ontology to better assess risk of postoperative infections for certain surgeries.
Developing proactive protocol of blood borne and body fluids infections for s...Alexander Decker
The document discusses developing a proactive protocol to prevent blood-borne infections among health professional students. A study was conducted surveying 300 medical, dental, and nursing students about factors related to needlestick and sharp injuries, knowledge of precautions, and learning needs. Key findings include most injuries occurred during intravenous blood draws and injections. Students reported needing training on preventive measures and equipment to avoid infections. A proactive protocol focused on prevention was developed based on study results.
KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES AMONG SURGEONS REGARDING CROSS INFECTION CONTROL PROC...Anil Haripriya
The study revealed good knowledge of infection control procedures but there were problems in practices of
sterilization. Most of them did not separate the needle from the syringe prior to disposal therefore needle
prick injuries were common. So more intensive and regular training programs to surgeons must be included
in the plans of quality control in all hospital and regular inspection from the ministry of health guarantees
good infection control practices
19_alwarb_original_10_1 article د. جواد الوبر .pdfDr. Gawad Alwabr
Assessment of Knowledge about Standard Precautions and Nosocomial Infection among Nurses Working in Hospitals of Sana'a City, Yemen.
Dr. Gawad Alwabr Yemen
The document discusses sharps associated infections (SAIs) among emergency department healthcare workers (EDHCWs). It finds that EDHCWs face high risk of SAIs due to the large volumes of high-risk patients and invasive procedures in the ED. Compliance with universal precautions among EDHCWs is poor. The document recommends a three-pronged approach of education, enforcement of safety policies, and engineering controls like safety devices to help prevent SAIs among EDHCWs.
Intensive care nurses’ knowledge & practices regardingAlexander Decker
1. The study assessed the knowledge and practices of 77 intensive care unit nurses regarding infection control standard precautions at a cancer hospital in Egypt.
2. The results found that over 63% of nurses had unsatisfactory knowledge levels, though over 57% had satisfactory performance adhering to standard precautions.
3. There were negative correlations between knowledge/performance and age/experience, but positive correlations between knowledge and performance. The study concluded nurses had unsatisfactory knowledge despite satisfactory performance, and recommended continued education programs to update knowledge and adherence to best practices.
PRACTICE OF FIVE MOMENTS OF HAND HYGIENE AMONGTHE NURSES IN SELECTED HOSPITAL...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :A Quantitative Research approach with a Cross sectional descriptive survey design was used in
the study. 100 Nurses from Thumbay University Hospital, Ajman, UAE who met the sampling criteria were
selected. Written consent was taken. A structured questionnaire to elicit the demographic profile, as well as a
modified Self-reported hand hygiene practice scale, was used online to assess the practice of five moments of
hand hygiene.The majority of the nurses 94-99 % of them had moderate to adequate hand hygiene practice
during the five moments of hand hygiene of which 99% before touching the patients, 95 % before carrying out
clean and aseptic procedures, and after body fluid exposure, 96 % after touching patient unit and 94 % after
touching patient surroundings. Overall, 90 % of the nurses had good hand hygiene practice. No significant
association was found between hand hygiene practices among the nurses with their demographic variables.
KEYWORDS: Five moments, Hand Hygiene, Infection, Nurses.
The document discusses occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among healthcare workers, including specific cases of exposure and infection. It examines the risks, causes, and costs of needlestick injuries as well as strategies for prevention through safer devices and protocols for management of exposures. The majority of exposures occur due to lack of safety mechanisms and improper disposal of needles and sharps.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice towards Mobile Phone Hygiene among Healthc...Premier Publishers
AIM: To analyze the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of health care workers regarding mobile phone hygiene in Riyadh Elm University. METHODS: A total of 153 respondents completed the questionnaire. A 26 variable questionnaire was employed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice regarding mobile phone hygiene amongst health care workers after obtaining consent and institutional permission. RESULTS: A response rate of 92.8% resulted in 153 questionnaires to be assessed. The study results showed that 62.5% of the respondents used mobile phones regularly, for professional or personal use and 82.4% of them considered mobile phones as a source of nosocomial infection. 90.2% of them opined that they would clean their mobile phones regularly following the COVID 19 (Coronavirus) infection. CONCLUSION: Easily available disinfectant materials must be employed in health care settings to disinfect mobile phone. Educational interventional programs must be advocated to ensure proper phone hygiene.
Occupational exposure to blood & body fluids among the nursing staff in a ter...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Critical care nurses' knowledge and compliance with ventilator associated pne...Alexander Decker
This study assessed critical care nurses' knowledge and compliance with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) bundle practices in Cairo university hospitals. The study found that the majority of nurses had unsatisfactory knowledge about VAP based on a 20-item questionnaire. Direct observation also found that nurses were not compliant with most VAP bundle elements. The study concluded that training programs are needed for nurses on VAP prevention to improve outcomes for mechanically ventilated patients.
Knowledge and attitude to human immunodeficiency virus post-exposure prophyla...BRNSSPublicationHubI
This study assessed the knowledge and attitudes of pharmacy, nursing, and medical students regarding HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) at a university in southeastern Nigeria. A survey was administered to 396 students across various levels. The results found poor overall knowledge of HIV PEP, with only 44.63% of nursing, 38.34% of medical, and 34.11% of pharmacy students demonstrating knowledge. However, attitudes were generally favorable, with over 60% of students from each program expressing positive attitudes toward HIV PEP. The study highlights the need for improved educational programs to enhance students' understanding and awareness of HIV PEP protocols.
Implementation of Patient Safety Program as a Prevention and Controlling Heal...irjes
Hospital is a unique working area bringing health risk for the worker either of patient or visitor.
Society who received health service, health worker and visitor in hospital faced to the risk of occurrence
infection or nosokomial infection now called as Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs). The occurrence of
nosokomial infection in hospital is still on high level. The level of nosokomial infection in hospital for entire the
world showing improvement, it’s about 9% (variation 3 – 21 %) or more than 1.4 million inpatient spaces
(Depkes. 2009). The aimed of this study was to know the implementation of nosokomial infection prevention
program in supporting patient safety in Radjiman Wediodiningrat mental hospital.
Primer and secondary data was obtained from sanitation department and K3 of hospital, collected using
questionnaire interview sheet, polls, and observation using observation sheets. Data obtained using purposive
sampling technique. Data was analyzed by descriptive methode and presented into frequency distribution table.
The result of this research showed that Implementation of Patient safety in Outpatient and Inpatient mental
hospital of Wediodingrat Radjiman still less than optimal, infection Prevention and Control (PPI) at the
Outpatient and Inpatient room not been implemented. So It takes effort to improve the implementation of Patient
Safety in Outpatient and Inpatient especially in Anyelir, Napza, Camar, General clinic, Kemuning and VIP
room, required socialization, education and training on PPI programs in the room
This document summarizes 5 research studies related to preventing post-surgical MRSA infections in acute care hospitals. The studies examined: (1) risk factors for vascular surgical site infections and preventative measures, (2) guidelines for controlling and preventing MRSA in healthcare facilities, (3) non-pharmacological interventions for preventing hospital-acquired infections, (4) the relationship between infection rates, procedures, antimicrobial use and bacterial resistance in an ICU, and (5) the impact of active MRSA screening and decolonization protocols on surgical site infections. The studies found that hand hygiene, screening protocols, limiting unnecessary procedures and antimicrobial use, and bundled infection control strategies can effectively reduce the rate of post-
Surgeons’ Perception to Needle Stick Injuries and Transmission of Blood Borne...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Needle stick injuries (NSI) are commonly seen in health care workers and those into surgical practice are at a higher risk of sustaining such injuries. As per WHO Report of 2002, of the 35 million health-care workers, 2 million experience percutaneous exposure to infectious diseases every year
This document outlines a proposal for a study on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nurses regarding the prevention of occupational hazards at two health care facilities in Abuja, Nigeria. The study aims to assess the nurses' level of knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices. It will employ a descriptive research design and survey all 36 nurses at the sites using a questionnaire. The theoretical framework is Florence Nightingale's Environmental Theory. The proposal describes the research settings, population, instrument development and validation, data collection, and analysis methods. The goal is to understand how to better educate nurses and minimize workplace hazards.
This document discusses a study that assessed the knowledge of hospital-acquired infections among healthcare workers at a tertiary hospital in Wah Cantt, Pakistan. The study found that most healthcare workers had an adequate level of knowledge about hospital-acquired infections, though some had poor knowledge. The majority of healthcare workers received information about hospital-acquired infections through educational courses. The study concluded that continued education is needed to improve knowledge, attitudes and practices around preventing hospital-acquired infections.
This document summarizes a study on the seroprevalence of hepatitis B antigenemia among dental students in South India. The study found:
1) A total of 352 dental students participated in the study, with 46% vaccinated against hepatitis B and 54% unvaccinated.
2) All 352 dental students tested negative for hepatitis B surface antigen.
3) While the study found no current hepatitis B infections, the significant number of unvaccinated students indicates a need for improved vaccination programs for dental students to protect against occupational risk of hepatitis B exposure.
This document discusses infection control in surgical practice. It begins by outlining how surgical procedures expose patients to microorganisms and increase the risk of surgical site infections. Effective infection control requires an organized hospital-wide program to monitor infections, analyze data, implement corrective actions, and educate staff. Key aspects of infection control include proper hand hygiene, appropriate use of antibiotics, sterilization of surgical equipment, and classification of surgical wounds according to infection risk. Host factors like age, health status and operative factors like surgery duration influence infection risk. Strict adherence to infection control standards helps reduce surgical complications and healthcare costs.
Hospital acquired infections are a major problem, accounting for $10 billion in healthcare costs annually in the US. Proper hand hygiene is one of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of infections like MRSA and other pathogens in healthcare settings. However, handwashing compliance among healthcare workers is low. The introduction of alcohol-based hand rubs has significantly increased hand hygiene frequency and compliance compared to handwashing with soap and water alone due to being faster, more convenient and better tolerated on skin. Increased hand hygiene is critical for reducing healthcare associated infections and improving patient outcomes.
Challenges in healthcare and infection controlLee Oi Wah
The document discusses various challenges in healthcare-associated infection control and prevention. It outlines key challenges like multidrug-resistant organisms, changing healthcare settings, and emerging diseases. It also summarizes strategies like surveillance, standard and transmission-based precautions, and the roles of infection control personnel in outbreak prevention and management. Effective infection control requires a multifaceted approach including education, environmental controls, and collaboration across the healthcare system.
The document provides information about conducting a SWOT analysis, including:
1. It defines SWOT analysis as a technique used to understand the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats involved in a project or business.
2. It explains how to conduct a SWOT analysis in three steps - analyzing the internal and external environment, performing the analysis and documenting it, and preparing action plans.
3. It describes who would need to conduct a SWOT analysis, including management, business units, and companies to evaluate performance, set targets, launch new initiatives, and respond to changing conditions.
19_alwarb_original_10_1 article د. جواد الوبر .pdfDr. Gawad Alwabr
Assessment of Knowledge about Standard Precautions and Nosocomial Infection among Nurses Working in Hospitals of Sana'a City, Yemen.
Dr. Gawad Alwabr Yemen
The document discusses sharps associated infections (SAIs) among emergency department healthcare workers (EDHCWs). It finds that EDHCWs face high risk of SAIs due to the large volumes of high-risk patients and invasive procedures in the ED. Compliance with universal precautions among EDHCWs is poor. The document recommends a three-pronged approach of education, enforcement of safety policies, and engineering controls like safety devices to help prevent SAIs among EDHCWs.
Intensive care nurses’ knowledge & practices regardingAlexander Decker
1. The study assessed the knowledge and practices of 77 intensive care unit nurses regarding infection control standard precautions at a cancer hospital in Egypt.
2. The results found that over 63% of nurses had unsatisfactory knowledge levels, though over 57% had satisfactory performance adhering to standard precautions.
3. There were negative correlations between knowledge/performance and age/experience, but positive correlations between knowledge and performance. The study concluded nurses had unsatisfactory knowledge despite satisfactory performance, and recommended continued education programs to update knowledge and adherence to best practices.
PRACTICE OF FIVE MOMENTS OF HAND HYGIENE AMONGTHE NURSES IN SELECTED HOSPITAL...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :A Quantitative Research approach with a Cross sectional descriptive survey design was used in
the study. 100 Nurses from Thumbay University Hospital, Ajman, UAE who met the sampling criteria were
selected. Written consent was taken. A structured questionnaire to elicit the demographic profile, as well as a
modified Self-reported hand hygiene practice scale, was used online to assess the practice of five moments of
hand hygiene.The majority of the nurses 94-99 % of them had moderate to adequate hand hygiene practice
during the five moments of hand hygiene of which 99% before touching the patients, 95 % before carrying out
clean and aseptic procedures, and after body fluid exposure, 96 % after touching patient unit and 94 % after
touching patient surroundings. Overall, 90 % of the nurses had good hand hygiene practice. No significant
association was found between hand hygiene practices among the nurses with their demographic variables.
KEYWORDS: Five moments, Hand Hygiene, Infection, Nurses.
The document discusses occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among healthcare workers, including specific cases of exposure and infection. It examines the risks, causes, and costs of needlestick injuries as well as strategies for prevention through safer devices and protocols for management of exposures. The majority of exposures occur due to lack of safety mechanisms and improper disposal of needles and sharps.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice towards Mobile Phone Hygiene among Healthc...Premier Publishers
AIM: To analyze the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of health care workers regarding mobile phone hygiene in Riyadh Elm University. METHODS: A total of 153 respondents completed the questionnaire. A 26 variable questionnaire was employed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice regarding mobile phone hygiene amongst health care workers after obtaining consent and institutional permission. RESULTS: A response rate of 92.8% resulted in 153 questionnaires to be assessed. The study results showed that 62.5% of the respondents used mobile phones regularly, for professional or personal use and 82.4% of them considered mobile phones as a source of nosocomial infection. 90.2% of them opined that they would clean their mobile phones regularly following the COVID 19 (Coronavirus) infection. CONCLUSION: Easily available disinfectant materials must be employed in health care settings to disinfect mobile phone. Educational interventional programs must be advocated to ensure proper phone hygiene.
Occupational exposure to blood & body fluids among the nursing staff in a ter...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Critical care nurses' knowledge and compliance with ventilator associated pne...Alexander Decker
This study assessed critical care nurses' knowledge and compliance with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) bundle practices in Cairo university hospitals. The study found that the majority of nurses had unsatisfactory knowledge about VAP based on a 20-item questionnaire. Direct observation also found that nurses were not compliant with most VAP bundle elements. The study concluded that training programs are needed for nurses on VAP prevention to improve outcomes for mechanically ventilated patients.
Knowledge and attitude to human immunodeficiency virus post-exposure prophyla...BRNSSPublicationHubI
This study assessed the knowledge and attitudes of pharmacy, nursing, and medical students regarding HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) at a university in southeastern Nigeria. A survey was administered to 396 students across various levels. The results found poor overall knowledge of HIV PEP, with only 44.63% of nursing, 38.34% of medical, and 34.11% of pharmacy students demonstrating knowledge. However, attitudes were generally favorable, with over 60% of students from each program expressing positive attitudes toward HIV PEP. The study highlights the need for improved educational programs to enhance students' understanding and awareness of HIV PEP protocols.
Implementation of Patient Safety Program as a Prevention and Controlling Heal...irjes
Hospital is a unique working area bringing health risk for the worker either of patient or visitor.
Society who received health service, health worker and visitor in hospital faced to the risk of occurrence
infection or nosokomial infection now called as Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs). The occurrence of
nosokomial infection in hospital is still on high level. The level of nosokomial infection in hospital for entire the
world showing improvement, it’s about 9% (variation 3 – 21 %) or more than 1.4 million inpatient spaces
(Depkes. 2009). The aimed of this study was to know the implementation of nosokomial infection prevention
program in supporting patient safety in Radjiman Wediodiningrat mental hospital.
Primer and secondary data was obtained from sanitation department and K3 of hospital, collected using
questionnaire interview sheet, polls, and observation using observation sheets. Data obtained using purposive
sampling technique. Data was analyzed by descriptive methode and presented into frequency distribution table.
The result of this research showed that Implementation of Patient safety in Outpatient and Inpatient mental
hospital of Wediodingrat Radjiman still less than optimal, infection Prevention and Control (PPI) at the
Outpatient and Inpatient room not been implemented. So It takes effort to improve the implementation of Patient
Safety in Outpatient and Inpatient especially in Anyelir, Napza, Camar, General clinic, Kemuning and VIP
room, required socialization, education and training on PPI programs in the room
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This document summarizes a study on the seroprevalence of hepatitis B antigenemia among dental students in South India. The study found:
1) A total of 352 dental students participated in the study, with 46% vaccinated against hepatitis B and 54% unvaccinated.
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Hospital acquired infections are a major problem, accounting for $10 billion in healthcare costs annually in the US. Proper hand hygiene is one of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of infections like MRSA and other pathogens in healthcare settings. However, handwashing compliance among healthcare workers is low. The introduction of alcohol-based hand rubs has significantly increased hand hygiene frequency and compliance compared to handwashing with soap and water alone due to being faster, more convenient and better tolerated on skin. Increased hand hygiene is critical for reducing healthcare associated infections and improving patient outcomes.
Challenges in healthcare and infection controlLee Oi Wah
The document discusses various challenges in healthcare-associated infection control and prevention. It outlines key challenges like multidrug-resistant organisms, changing healthcare settings, and emerging diseases. It also summarizes strategies like surveillance, standard and transmission-based precautions, and the roles of infection control personnel in outbreak prevention and management. Effective infection control requires a multifaceted approach including education, environmental controls, and collaboration across the healthcare system.
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2. Alwabr: Knowledge and practice of needlestick injury preventive measures among nurses
Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU - Volume 11, Issue 1, January-April 2018 71
that cause bloodborne diseases, the medical community
began to make some efforts to prevent and limit exposure
among HCWs.[7]
The World Health Organization
estimates that about 2.5% of HIV cases and 40% of HBV
and HCV cases among HCWs worldwide are the results
of these exposures.[4,8]
Developing countries, which
account for the highest prevalence of HIV‑infected
patients in the world, also record the highest rate of
needlestick injuries.[9]
Percutaneousexposurestobloodandbodyfluidsthrough
contaminated sharp tools are an important occupational
hazard for morbidity and mortality from infections with
bloodborne pathogens among health‑care workers.[3,4,10]
About 40%‑65% of HBV and HCV infections in HCWs
in developing countries are attributable to percutaneous
occupational exposure.[11]
Workplace safety is a very important aspect of
occupational health practice (Hanafi et al., 2011).
Hence, all HCWs should routinely use proper barrier
precautions to prevent skin and mucous membrane
exposure during contact with any patient’s blood or body
fluids that require universal precautions.[12]
The present study was conducted to assess the level of
knowledge and practice of needlestick injury prevention
measures, and to estimate the incidence of exposure
to needlestick injury among nurses working in the
governmental hospitals of Sana’a city, Yemen. This study
will provide essential baseline data to the government
health sector for developing preventive strategies of
needlestick injury.
Materials and Methods
A cross‑sectional study was conducted from
AugusttoOctober2015,amongthenursesingovernmental
hospitals of Sana’a city, Yemen. The study population
included nurses working in the hospitals of (Al‑Thawra,
Republic, Al‑Sabein, Police, and 48th
). All participants
were informed about the design and purpose of the study
and have given their approval with written informed
consent before enrollment into the study. The anonymity
of the participants was maintained throughout the study.
Convenience sampling technique was used. In total, from
the 300 questionnaires distributed, 259 were returned
fully completed, giving a response rate 86.3%.
A pilot study was conducted with a random sample of
20 participants to ensure the feasibility and applicability
of the questionnaire. The pilot study confirmed the
feasibility of the main study. Subsequently, minor
changes were done in the questionnaire for effective
communication among the participants. Those who
participated in the pilot study were excluded from the
study. Face and content validity of the questionnaire was
assessed by three experts in the field of public health.
The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using
Cronbach’s alpha (0.84). Ethical approval was obtained
from the ethical committee of Ministry of Public Health
and Population, Yemen.
Data were collected using a structured self‑administered
questionnaire containing closed‑ended questions,
which had been designed after an extensive literature
search, to assess the nurses’ knowledge and practices
of preventive measures of needlestick injury, blood and
body fluids exposure. The questionnaire was divided
into four parts. The first part included sociodemographic
characteristics such as age, gender, qualification, years of
experience, and place of work, the second part contained
18 questions seeking to find out the level of knowledge
of the needlestick injury prevention measures, blood and
body fluids exposure diseases with possible responses
of “yes,” and “no” answers. The third part contained 9
questions seeking to find out the level of practice of the
needlestick injury preventive measures, and blood and
precaution measures of body fluids exposure included
the use of gloves, use of protective eyewear, sharp
practices, waste disposal, and patient care equipment.
The fourth part contained 11 questions seeking to the
number of needlestick injury during the past 6 months
and the causes and circumstances surrounding the latest
injury. We also asked whether the nurses had reported
the injury.
The knowledge of the needlestick injury prevention
measures, blood and body fluids exposure diseases
was graded using a scoring system, a score of “one” for
a correct answer and “zero” for an incorrect or “do not
know” answer. This scoring system has been used in an
earlier study.[12]
The practice of the needlestick injury
preventive measures, blood and body fluids exposure
diseases was graded using a scoring system; a practice
that was deemed right when undertaken always. A score
of “one” for a correct answer “always” and “zero” for
an incorrect “never” or “sometimes.” Scores of each
respondent were calculated by adding the scores of
all items of the knowledge and practice. The score
was converted to percentage and level. Scores for each
respondent were summed up and graded as poor <50%,
below average = 50%–59%, average = 60%–69%,
good = 70%–79%, and very good = 80%–100% of the total
scores for knowledge and practice.
Statistical Package for the social sciences(SPSS) version20
was used to analyze the data. The data were sorted,
coded, and computerized, and the descriptive statistics,
including frequency distributions and percentages,
were calculated. Means and standard deviations were
used for the normally distributed quantitative data.
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3. Alwabr: Knowledge and practice of needlestick injury preventive measures among nurses
72 Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU - Volume 11, Issue 1, January-April 2018
Chi‑square test and the P value were used to determine
the relationship between two qualitative variables or
to detect significant differences between two or more
proportions. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05
for this study.
Results
A total of 259 nurses participated in the study. Among
them, 146 (56.4%) were male and 118 (43.6%) were
female, most of them 178 (68.7%) were in the age
group (<30 years). More than half of the participant,
163 (62.9%), has Diploma degree. One hundred
and nineteen (45.9%) of the participants had been
experienced >5 years, and 156 (60.2) of them had a
training course related to needlestick injury prevention
measures [Table 1].
Table 2 indicates that the participating knowledge was
good, very good, average, below average, and weak(29%,
27%, 24.5%, 11.4%, and 8.1%), respectively, whereas the
participating practice was weak, below average, very
good, average, and good (51.4%, 15.4%, 14.7%, 9.7%, and
8.9%), respectively.
Table 3 shows a comparison of knowledge and practice
scores in relation to the participants’ sociodemographic
characteristics. The knowledge scores were significantly
associatedwiththegenderandhospital’sname(P=0.004).
No significant statistical differences were found
between the knowledge scores toward age (P = 0.593),
education (P = 0.525), work experience (P = 0.625), and
the training course (P = 0.371). While no significant
statistical differences were found between the practice
scores toward all the participants’ sociodemographic
characteristics (P > 0.05).
Approximately 37.5% of the respondents reported
having suffered from needlestick injuries in the
previous 6 months. Among them, up to 40.2%
of them had it once, whereas nearly 23.7% have
suffered the injury twice and 36.1% have suffered the
injury >2 times. A total of 97 respondents (95.9%) did
not report the injury to the employee health service.
Over have of nurses (51.4%) had not vaccinated
for hepatitis B. According to the action taken after
sustaining the injury, about 74% of the respondents
reported that they did not take any action, 10.1% had
contacted their professional colleagues, 7.9% had
contacted the infection control principal, and 7.9%
had contacted a medical emergency room. Nearly
35.9% of the participants did not wear the safety devices
to prevent needlestick injuries. Most of them (75.3%)
considered unavailability the safety devices in the
hospital to be the reason for did not wear it, whereas
11.8% considered inappropriate environment such as
Table 1: Sociodemographic characteristics (n=259)
Parameters Characteristics n (%)
Gender Male 146 (56.4)
Female 113 (43.6)
Total 259 (100)
Age (years) <30 178 (68.7)
>30 81 (31.3)
Total 259 (100)
Education Diploma 163 (62.9)
Bachelor 88 (34.0)
Master 8 (3.1)
Total 259 (100)
Experience (years) <2 61 (23.6)
3-5 79 (30.5)
>5 119 (45.9)
Total 259 (100)
Hospital’s name Republic 70 (27.0)
Al‑Sabein 58 (22.4)
Al‑Thawra 43 (16.6)
48th
46 (17.8)
Police 42 (16.2)
Total 259 (100)
Training course Yes 156 (60.2)
No 103 (39.8)
Total 259 (100.0)
Table 2: The respondents level of knowledge and
practice about needlestick injury preventive measures
(n=259)
Levels Knowledge, n (%) Practice, n (%)
Weak (<50%) 21 (8.1) 133 (51.4)
Below average (50%-59%) 30 (11.4) 40 (15.4)
Average (60%-69%) 63 (24.5) 25 (9.7)
Good (70%-79%) 75 (29) 23 (8.9)
Very good (80%-100%) 70 (27) 38 (14.7)
Total 259 (100.0) 259 (100.0)
Mean 3.55 2.20
SD 1.225 1.501
SD: Standard deviation
overcrowding to be the cause, 7.5% neglect, and 5.4%
forget to wear the safety devices [Table 4].
Discussion
The present study assessed knowledge and practice of
nurses about needlestick injury preventive measures
and addressed certain aspects of needlestick injury in
government hospitals of Sana’a city. In this study, the
majority of the nurses (76.5%) had poor practice, and 44%
hadpoorknowledgetowardneedlestickinjurypreventive
measures. The low level of practice and knowledge
attributedtotheinsufficientinformationofknowledge,the
lack of policies, training, and continuing education about
needlestickinjurypreventionmeasures.Also,attributedto
the unavailability of safety devices in the hospitals. This
findingagreedwiththeresultsobtainedfromtheprevious
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4. Alwabr: Knowledge and practice of needlestick injury preventive measures among nurses
Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU - Volume 11, Issue 1, January-April 2018 73
studies. A previous study conducted in Bengaluru, India,
among dental professionals revealed that 42% had poor
knowledge and 58% of dental professionals had good
knowledge about the Universal Precaution Guidelines.
[13]
However, it is incompatible with the results obtained
fromthepreviousstudies.AstudyconductedinSoutheast
Nigeria in Tertiary Health Institutions revealed that 92%
of the nurses had good knowledge, although 75% of them
had good practice for universal precautions measures.[14]
A study conducted in Pakistan at Holy Family Hospital
revealed that 73.3% of the nurses had good knowledge
about a definition of needlestick injuries and the diseases
caused by them.[7]
Another study conducted in Pakistan at
a Tertiary Care Hospital revealed that 86% of the nurses
had good knowledge about needlestick injury preventive
measures.[15]
In this study, the results reflect that there is a significant
relationship between nurses’ gender and their knowledge
and an insignificant relationship with nurses’ gender
and their practice toward needlestick injury prevention
measures. This result might relate to a difference of
interesting to raise knowledge about needlestick injury
preventive measures with nurses’ gender. This result
disagreed with the results obtained from a previous study
done in Iraq indicated that there is no relation between
nurses’ gender and their knowledge of needlestick injury
preventive measures.[16]
Table 3: Association between sociodemographic characteristics and the respondent’s knowledge and practice
about needlestick injury preventive measures (n=259)
Sociodemographic characteristics Knowledge level Practice
n Mean SD F Significant n Mean SD F Significant
Gender
Male 146 3.69 0.980 14.10 0.004 146 2.14 1.540 0.227 0.489
Female 113 3.28 1.306 113 2.27 1.453
Age group (years)
<30 178 3.54 1.131 0.076 0.593 178 2.20 1.515 0.036 0.948
>30 81 3.46 1.194 81 2.21 1.481
Education
Diploma 163 3.46 1.248 0.646 0.525 163 2.15 1.500 0.281 0.755
Bachelor 88 3.63 0.926 88 2.30 1.487
Master 8 3.38 1.302 8 2.25 1.832
Experience (years)
<2 61 3.51 1.120 0.471 0.625 61 2.15 1.447 1.380 0.254
3-5 79 3.42 1.069 79 2.43 1.654
>5 119 3.58 1.218 119 2.08 1.415
Hospital’s name
Republic 70 3.17 1.274 3.918 0.004 70 2.13 1.541 2.360 0.054
Al‑Sabein 58 3.81 1.162 58 2.34 1.584
Al‑Thawra 43 3.26 1.093 43 1.91 1.231
48th
46 3.70 0.866 46 2.70 1.672
Police 42 3.74 1.083 42 1.88 1.253
Training course
Yes 156 3.46 1.132 0.297 0.371 156 2.29 1.558 4.607 0.248
No 103 3.59 1.175 103 2.07 1.409
SD: Standard deviation
This study result showed an insignificant relationship
with nurses’ age and their knowledge and practice
toward needlestick injury preventive measures; this result
might relate to inadequate training for the nurses about
needlestickinjurypreventivemeasures.Thisresultagreed
with the results obtained from a previous study done in
Iraq indicated that there is no relation between nurses’
age and their knowledge of needlestick injury preventive
measures.[16]
Relative to educational levels, this study results showed
an insignificant relationship between nurses’ educational
level and their knowledge and practice of needlestick
injury preventive measures. This result incompatible
with the previous study conducted in Iraq indicated
that there is a significant association between nurses’
educational level and their knowledge of needlestick
injury preventive measures.[16]
Concerningtothenurses’workexperience,thisstudyresult
showed an insignificant relationship between the nurses’
work experience and their knowledge and practice of
needlestickinjurypreventivemeasures;thismightrelateto
inadequatetrainingforthenursesaboutneedlestickinjury
preventivemeasuresduringthepreviousyearsofworking.
In relation to the hospital name, this study results showed
a significant relationship between the hospital name and
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5. Alwabr: Knowledge and practice of needlestick injury preventive measures among nurses
74 Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU - Volume 11, Issue 1, January-April 2018
Table 4: Responses of nurses to elements related to
exposure to needlestick injury and circumstances of
the exposure (n=259)
Characteristics n (%)
Exposure to needlestick injury
Yes 97 (37.5)
No 162 (62.5)
Total 259 (100.0)
The frequency of needlestick injury in the previous
6 months
Once 39 (40.2)
Twice 23 (23.7)
Three and more 35 (36.1)
Total 97 (100.0)
Reported the incident of needlestick injury
Yes 4 (4.1)
No 93 (95.9)
Total 97 (100.0)
Vaccinated for hepatitis B
Yes 126 (48.6)
No 133 (51.4)
Total 259 (100.0)
The action was taken after sustaining the injury
Contact the infection control principal 18 (7.9)
Contact a medical emergency room 18 (7.9)
Contact their professional colleagues 23 (10.1)
Did not take any action 168 (74)
Total 277 (100.0)
Wearing the safety devices
Yes 166 (64.1)
No 93 (35.9)
Total 259 (100.0)
Causes of didn’t wear the safety devices
Not available 70 (75.3)
Neglect 7 (7.5)
Forget to wear 5 (5.4)
Congestion of patients (overcrowding) 11 (11.8)
Total 93 (100.0)
their nurses’ knowledge and an insignificant relationship
between the hospital name and their nurses’ practice
towardneedlestickinjurypreventivemeasures;thismight
due to the facts that, some hospitals might implement
training courses relative to needlestick injury preventive
measures more than others. However, there is a lack
of interest in applying procedures of needlestick injury
preventive measures in all the studied hospitals.
Concerning to the nurses’ training course, this study
result showed an insignificant relationship between
the nurses’ training course and their knowledge and
practice of needlestick injury preventive measures, this
might relate to insufficient and inadequate training for
the nurses about needlestick injury preventive measures.
This study result showed that 37.5% of nurses had
exposure to needlestick injury in their work duration the
previous 6 months. Among them, up to 40.2% of them
had it once, while nearly 23.7% have suffered the injury
twice and 36.1% have suffered the injury >2 times. This
may be attributed to lack of sufficient knowledge and
practice of needlestick injury preventive measures. This
result agreed with the results obtained from the previous
studies. A study conducted in Mongolia at public
tertiary hospitals in an urban community; the incidence
of needlestick injury during the previous 3 months was
38.4%.[10]
Another study conducted in Mumbai, India, in
a Teaching Hospital indicated that 39.6% of nurses had
a history of needlestick injuries.[17]
In this study, the prevalence of needlestick injury is
considerably higher than those obtained from the
previous studies. A study conducted in Bengaluru,
India, among dental professionals indicated that
27.5% of nurses had needlestick injury in the past
12 months (Pavithran et al., 2015). A study conducted in
Pakistan at a Tertiary Care Hospital indicated that 29%
of nurses of nurses had a needlestick injury in the past.
About 54% had suffered at least one needlestick injury,
20% at least two, and 13% more.[15]
A study conducted in
Malaysia indicated that 31.6% of nurses had needlestick
injury in the two studied hospitals.[18]
Several other studies had shown a high occurrence of
needlestick injury among nurses. A study conducted
in Hodeidah governorate, Yemen in addition, 83.8% of
the HCWs providing injections in the hospitals reported
that they had been pricked by a used needle during
work.[19]
A study conducted in Pakistan in Tertiary Care
Hospitals reported that 64% of the nurses were exposed
to at least one needlestick injury during their career.[20]
A
study conducted in Egypt, in University of Alexandria
hospitals indicated that (67.9%) of nurses had suffered
at least one needlestick injury in the last 12 months.[21]
A study conducted in India in a Tertiary Care Hospital
it was found that 80% of nurses were exposed to
needlestick injury in their careers.[3]
A study conducted
in Pretoria, South Africa at Witbank Hospital indicated
that (46.7%) of the nurses were exposed to needlestick
injury, one injury 44.61%, two to three injuries 45.5%
and >3 injuries 9.8%.[22]
A study conducted in Pakistan at
Holy Family Hospital indicated that 94% of nurses had
a history of needlestick injuries.[7]
A study conducted
in Iran among 269 dental and medical students during
their clinical training at Kerman University of medical
sciences indicated that 74.3% of them had needle‑stick
injury.[23]
A study conducted in tropical northern
Australia, in large, modern tertiary teaching hospital
reported that 63.5% of staff had needlestick injury in the
3 years period, 2001–2003.[24]
A study conducted in Saudi
Arabia at Armed Forces Hospital, Sharorah reported that
74% of the nurses had needlestick injury, the frequency
of needlestick injury per year 67% one to two times,
29% three to four times, 4% five to six times.[25]
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6. Alwabr: Knowledge and practice of needlestick injury preventive measures among nurses
Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU - Volume 11, Issue 1, January-April 2018 75
According to the action taken after sustaining the
injury, the current study showed that 74% of the
respondents reported that they did not take any action,
10.1% had contacted their professional colleagues,
7.9% had contacted the infection control principal,
and 7.9% had contacted a medical emergency room.
It has been noticed that the participants of the present
study had a negative attitude toward reporting to the
concerned authorities regarding needlestick injury if in
case one occurs. This may be due to the poor knowledge
about the bloodborne diseases that could be spread
through these injuries. The current study results agreed
with the previous study conducted in Saudi Arabia at
Armed Forces Hospital, Sharorah, indicated that 92% did
not report the incident of needlestick injury.[25]
However,thedatafromthecurrentstudywereincontrast
with the results of previous studies. A study conducted
in Pakistan at a Tertiary Care Hospital reported that the
measures taken after needlestick injury are: 80% knew
about patient and disease, 93% allowed injury to bleed,
87% washed injury with soap and water, 73% notified
infection control office within 24 h.[15]
A study conducted
in Bengaluru, India, among dental professionals reported
that 81% of them would first contact a medical emergency
room in case of an accidental needlestick injury,
9% would contact the oral surgery department, 6.5%
would contact their professional colleagues, 2% would
contact the principal, and 1.5% would not contact anyone
in case of needlestick injury.[13]
Another study conducted
in Hyderabad and Karachi, Pakistan for investigations
of dentists reported that 40.4% of them would report to
the concerned authorities and 59.6% would not report
to anyone regarding needlestick injury.[26]
A study
conducted in Hodeidah governorate, Yemen, reported
that 20% of the injection providers in the health‑care
facilities took no action when accidentally injured by
a used needle, whereas the vast majority disinfected
the site of injury with alcohol.[19]
A study conducted in
Pakistan at Holy Family Hospital indicated that 87.9% of
HCWs reported immediate responses after needlestick
injury included drawing out blood, 89.4% washing the
pricked site with running water, 76.6% application of
antiseptic solution, and 79.4% pressing the pricked site.[7]
The World Health Organization recommended that the
site of injury should be allowed to bleed briefly and then
should immediately be washed thoroughly with running
water and antiseptic solution.[27]
In the present study, 48.6% of the participants were
vaccinatedagainstHBV.Thisfindingishighincomparison
to some studies from developing countries. A study
conducted in India in a Tertiary Care Hospital indicated
that 11.7% of HCWs had Hepatitis B vaccination.[3]
Other
study conducted in Pakistan in Tertiary Care Hospitals
indicated that 34% of study participants were vaccinated
against hepatitis B infection.[20]
However, it is very low in
comparison to other studies from developing countries.
A study conducted in Pakistan at a Tertiary Care Hospital
indicated that 82% of nurses had vaccinated.[15]
Another
study conducted in Pakistan at Holy Family Hospital
indicated that 82.7% of HCWs had a vaccination against
hepatitis B.[7]
A study conducted in Saudi Arabia at
Armed Forces Hospital, Sharorah indicated that 84% of
nurses had hepatitis B vaccination.[25]
The present study also showed that 35.9% of the
participants did not wear the safety devices to prevent
needlestick injuries. Most of them (75.3%) considered
unavailability the safety devices in the hospital to be the
reason for did not wear it, whereas 11.8% considered
inappropriate environment such as overcrowding to
be the cause, 7.5% neglect and 5.4% forget to wear the
safety devices. This result differs with previous studies.
A study conducted in Pakistan in Tertiary Care Hospitals
indicated that 40% of study participants did not wear the
safety devices to prevent needlestick injuries.[20]
A study
conducted in Mongolia at public tertiary hospitals in an
urban community indicated that 66.2% of the nurses
did not wear the safety devices.[10]
A study conducted
in Southeast Nigeria in Tertiary Health Institutions
indicated that 43.9% of the nurses did not wear the safety
devices.[14]
Conclusion
This study showed a high prevalence of needlestick
injury, poor practices, and knowledge of nurses on
needlestick injury preventive measures, low vaccination
coverage, and inadequate preventive facilities. Hence,
needlestick injury continues to be a serious occupational
hazard among nurses. Preventive strategies, provision of
preventive facilities, and intensive programs to educate
nurses about preventive measures of needlestick injury
should be ensured by dissection makers of the studied
hospitals. Furthermore, the new avenues in a prevention
of needlestick injury (such as a use of a syringe with a
sliding sleeve, a syringe with hinged cap, and scalpel
with retractable blade) must be considered.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
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