Here are potential responses to the questions: Industrialization led to changes in education by increasing access through higher parental incomes and public funding. It decreased child labor as kids stayed in school. It led to more progressive reforms away from classical education focused on rote learning towards developing critical thinking skills. Democracy impacted education by promoting equal opportunities, universal education, and consideration of individual differences. It led to more child-centered, social, cooperative learning approaches. Democratic methods of teaching and school administration were adopted. Education was seen as crucial for participation in a democracy by developing literacy, confidence, and democratic attitudes. Education and democracy complement each other. Education provides the capabilities people need to participate in a democratic society like literacy, while democracy

1. C IV (3b)
Historical changes with respect to
education due industrialization &
Democracy, leading individual
autonomy and reason
Dr,
Saramma

2. Industrialisation
• Industrialisation is the period of social and
economic change that transforms a human
group from an agrarian society into an
industrial one, involving the extensive re-
organisation of an economy for the purpose
of manufacturing.

3. changes in
education due
to
industrialization
increasing
parents’
incomes
public sector
revenues
access to
schools
Individual
autonomy
classical
education
Progressive
reforms

4. Industrialization
And
education
Child
labour
Farm
hands
Domestic
help

5. Classical education
• Classical education depends on a three-part
process of training the mind.
• The early years of school are spent in
absorbing facts, systematically laying the
foundations for advanced study.
• In the middle grades, students learn to think
through arguments.
• In the high school years, they learn to express
themselves.

6. “Democracy”
• “Democracy” may refer to political
arrangements
• which involve direct participation of the
members of a society in
• deciding on the laws and policies of the
society or
• it may involve the participation of those
members in selecting representatives to
make the decisions

7. Democracy as an
agent of change in
education
Subordination
of knowledge to
action
Democracy
Autonomyequality

9. Civil rights movements
• worldwide series of political movements for
equality before the law,
• characterized by nonviolent protests,
• campaigns of civil resistance
• aimed at achieving change through
nonviolent forms of resistance.
• In some situations, they have been
accompanied by civil rebellion.

10. Educational
Reforms arising
from the civil
rights era
Ending racial
segregation
Desegregation
Affirmative
action

11. Education is crucial to a democracy it gives
people capabilities such as literacy, confidence and
attitudes that they need to participate in society
AmartyaSen

13. The impact of democracy on
education
 Provision of Equal Opportunities and
Recognition of Individual Differences
 Child Centered Education
Importance of Individual Attention
 Universal and Compulsory Education
 Provision of Adult Education

15. The impact of democracy on education
Democratic methods of Teaching
 Social Activities
 Co-operation between all Agencies of Education
 Free Education
 School Administration
 School

16. Imagine you work in a
restaurant, making pasta
sauce. One chef you work
with insists on being
involved in every step of
the process, down to
selecting the tomatoes.
Another chef doesn't get
involved until it is time to
taste the sauce. Does the
second chef just care about
the sauce less?

17. Individual autonomy
• basic moral and political value
• puts the moral weight on an individual's
ability to govern herself,
• It is independent of her place
• in social structures
• and political institutions

18. Individual autonomy and reason.
• Individual autonomy is a distinctively
human value that is required for human
well-being.
Individual autonomy is the capacity
• to be one's own person,
• to live one's life according to reasons and
motives that are taken as one's own

19. Individual autonomy and reason.
• not the product of manipulative or distorting
external forces.
• to be directed by considerations, desires,
conditions, and characteristics that are not
imposed externally upon one,
• but are part of what can be considered one's
authentic self.

20. Salman is feeling
depressed. Some
of his friends
advise him to
meet a baba while
others are telling
him to meet a
counsellor.

21. Reason
Autonomy of human beings depends on their
ability to behave according to laws that are
given to them by the proper exercise of reason.
Reason is the capacity for consciously making
sense of things, applying logic, establishing and
verifying facts, and changing or justifying
practices, institutions, and beliefs based on
new or existing information

22. Questions
• Discuss the influence of industrialization on
education
• Explain the impact of democracy on education
• How does education and democracy
complement each other.
• Industrialization and democracy have led to
individual modernity and reason. Justify