The document discusses the objectives and processes involved in wastewater treatment. The objectives are to understand wastewater treatment unit operations, discuss standardized units, and compare a standard plant to a DMU plant. It then describes the 8 stages of wastewater treatment: bar screening and grit removal, primary clarification, aeration, secondary clarification, chlorination or UV disinfection, water analysis and testing, and final effluent disposal after meeting permit standards. The goal is to remove pollutants through physical, biological and chemical treatment processes to protect the environment and public health.
Disposal by dilution is a process where treated sewage or effluent is discharged into a river or stream. For dilution to be an effective means of disposal, certain conditions must be met, such as the sewage being relatively fresh, the receiving water having a high dissolved oxygen content, and the receiving water not being used for navigation downstream. The amount of treatment required depends on the dilution factor - a higher dilution factor means less treatment is required. Natural processes like dilution, sedimentation, sunlight, oxidation, and reduction help purify the sewage over time as it mixes with the receiving water.
This presentation discusses methods of sewage disposal, including dilution and land disposal. It begins by outlining the objectives of familiarizing attendees with different sewage disposal methods, dilution processes, and land disposal. The presentation then covers various sewage disposal methods like primary treatment, secondary treatment, dilution in water bodies, and land treatment through irrigation, rapid infiltration, and overland flow. Key factors in the self-purification of rivers like dilution, current, temperature are also summarized. Streeter-Phelps equation for modeling oxygen sag curves and numerical examples are briefly outlined. The presentation concludes with discussing land treatment methods, sewage sickness prevention, and references.
The document summarizes the 8 stages of the waste water treatment process:
1) Bar screening removes large objects from water
2) Screening prevents smaller solids from passing through
3) Primary clarification allows heavier solids to settle and lighter materials to float
4) Aeration brings water and air in close contact to remove harmful gases
5) Secondary clarification removes microscopic solids and bacteria
6) Chlorination kills pathogenic microorganisms through disinfection
7) Water analysis and testing provides information about water quality over time
8) Effluent disposal reintroduces clean water into the environment after testing.
This document discusses land disposal of sewage and the standards for wastewater effluents that are discharged onto land for irrigation. It outlines the Bureau of Indian Standards quality standards that set limits on pollutants in wastewater used for irrigation. Land disposal is appropriate when natural waterways are not nearby, irrigation water is scarce, or rainfall is low. The document describes different techniques for irrigating crops with sewage and measures to prevent "sewage sickness" of the land from overuse.
Sewage treatment involves physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove contaminants from wastewater and produce safe treated effluent. It generally includes primary treatment to remove solids, secondary treatment using microorganisms to remove dissolved organic matter, and sometimes tertiary treatment for additional filtration or disinfection. The treated effluent can then be safely discharged to the environment while sewage sludge requires further treatment. Modern sewage treatment plants employ various unit processes and systems to efficiently achieve the required levels of contaminant removal.
1) Sewage treatment plants are necessary to purify wastewater before discharge into rivers or oceans. They employ natural biological processes to break down pollutants.
2) The typical sewage treatment process has four stages: primary treatment to remove solids; secondary biological treatment using microorganisms to oxidize compounds; secondary settling; and tertiary treatment if needed before discharge.
3) Common secondary treatment methods are biological filtration using media to support microbe growth, activated sludge using aeration to sustain microbes, and Pasveer Ditches which circulate and aerate sewage.
Water resources on Earth can be categorized as either fresh water or salt water. Fresh water, which makes up only 3% of the total water on Earth, has several natural sources including surface water, groundwater, and frozen water stored in glaciers and ice caps. Some artificial sources of fresh water are treated wastewater and desalinated seawater. Fresh water has a variety of important uses for agriculture, industry, households, recreation, and environmental needs. Proper management of water resources is necessary to ensure a sustainable supply of fresh water for current and future generations.
This document discusses water pollution and sewage treatment plants. It defines water pollution as the contamination of water bodies through human activities. Some key causes of water pollution include industrial waste, sewage, mining, and chemical fertilizers. Effects include negative human health impacts and ecosystem damage. Sewage treatment plants help address this problem through a multi-stage process involving screening, primary treatment to remove solids, secondary treatment using bacteria, and sometimes disinfection or additional treatment. The goal is to produce treated wastewater safe for release into the environment.
Disposal by dilution is a process where treated sewage or effluent is discharged into a river or stream. For dilution to be an effective means of disposal, certain conditions must be met, such as the sewage being relatively fresh, the receiving water having a high dissolved oxygen content, and the receiving water not being used for navigation downstream. The amount of treatment required depends on the dilution factor - a higher dilution factor means less treatment is required. Natural processes like dilution, sedimentation, sunlight, oxidation, and reduction help purify the sewage over time as it mixes with the receiving water.
This presentation discusses methods of sewage disposal, including dilution and land disposal. It begins by outlining the objectives of familiarizing attendees with different sewage disposal methods, dilution processes, and land disposal. The presentation then covers various sewage disposal methods like primary treatment, secondary treatment, dilution in water bodies, and land treatment through irrigation, rapid infiltration, and overland flow. Key factors in the self-purification of rivers like dilution, current, temperature are also summarized. Streeter-Phelps equation for modeling oxygen sag curves and numerical examples are briefly outlined. The presentation concludes with discussing land treatment methods, sewage sickness prevention, and references.
The document summarizes the 8 stages of the waste water treatment process:
1) Bar screening removes large objects from water
2) Screening prevents smaller solids from passing through
3) Primary clarification allows heavier solids to settle and lighter materials to float
4) Aeration brings water and air in close contact to remove harmful gases
5) Secondary clarification removes microscopic solids and bacteria
6) Chlorination kills pathogenic microorganisms through disinfection
7) Water analysis and testing provides information about water quality over time
8) Effluent disposal reintroduces clean water into the environment after testing.
This document discusses land disposal of sewage and the standards for wastewater effluents that are discharged onto land for irrigation. It outlines the Bureau of Indian Standards quality standards that set limits on pollutants in wastewater used for irrigation. Land disposal is appropriate when natural waterways are not nearby, irrigation water is scarce, or rainfall is low. The document describes different techniques for irrigating crops with sewage and measures to prevent "sewage sickness" of the land from overuse.
Sewage treatment involves physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove contaminants from wastewater and produce safe treated effluent. It generally includes primary treatment to remove solids, secondary treatment using microorganisms to remove dissolved organic matter, and sometimes tertiary treatment for additional filtration or disinfection. The treated effluent can then be safely discharged to the environment while sewage sludge requires further treatment. Modern sewage treatment plants employ various unit processes and systems to efficiently achieve the required levels of contaminant removal.
1) Sewage treatment plants are necessary to purify wastewater before discharge into rivers or oceans. They employ natural biological processes to break down pollutants.
2) The typical sewage treatment process has four stages: primary treatment to remove solids; secondary biological treatment using microorganisms to oxidize compounds; secondary settling; and tertiary treatment if needed before discharge.
3) Common secondary treatment methods are biological filtration using media to support microbe growth, activated sludge using aeration to sustain microbes, and Pasveer Ditches which circulate and aerate sewage.
Water resources on Earth can be categorized as either fresh water or salt water. Fresh water, which makes up only 3% of the total water on Earth, has several natural sources including surface water, groundwater, and frozen water stored in glaciers and ice caps. Some artificial sources of fresh water are treated wastewater and desalinated seawater. Fresh water has a variety of important uses for agriculture, industry, households, recreation, and environmental needs. Proper management of water resources is necessary to ensure a sustainable supply of fresh water for current and future generations.
This document discusses water pollution and sewage treatment plants. It defines water pollution as the contamination of water bodies through human activities. Some key causes of water pollution include industrial waste, sewage, mining, and chemical fertilizers. Effects include negative human health impacts and ecosystem damage. Sewage treatment plants help address this problem through a multi-stage process involving screening, primary treatment to remove solids, secondary treatment using bacteria, and sometimes disinfection or additional treatment. The goal is to produce treated wastewater safe for release into the environment.
The document presents a model for trickling filter process design. It describes Eckenfelder's pseudo-first-order reaction performance equation for substrate removal rate. The equation relates substrate concentration over time to rate constant, substrate concentration, and contact time. Contact time depends on filter depth and surface loading rate. The model is used to design a trickling filter with a given influent BOD, required effluent BOD, flow rate, filter depth, and removal rate constant to achieve the surface loading rate needed.
In the Caribbean harvesting of rainwater is a common way of obtaining water for a variety of uses because fresh water is a scarce resource. at http://philshanna04.bravesites.com/entries/technology/harvesting-system-rain-safely
The document provides information about water treatment processes at a water treatment plant. It discusses the steps involved, which include intake of raw water, screening and rapid mixing, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, chlorination for disinfection, storage, and distribution. Key steps involve removing contaminants through physical, chemical, and biological processes like coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration. Chlorine is added as a disinfectant before water is stored and distributed. Experts recommend replacing chlorine with alternatives like chlorine dioxide or ozone that do not produce harmful by-products.
The document describes how a trickling filter works as a component of on-site wastewater treatment systems, using microorganisms to break down contaminants as wastewater trickles through a bed of media. It explains the typical components of a trickling filter system including a septic tank, clarifier/dosing tank, trickling filter, and land application system. The document provides guidance on design, operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting of trickling filter systems.
This document summarizes various water treatment processes used to remove pathogens from drinking water. It discusses sources of water and the need for treatment due to microbial contamination. The main water treatment processes covered include storage, filtration (slow sand, rapid sand), coagulation/flocculation, softening and disinfection (chlorine, UV). It provides details on the typical microbial reductions achieved by each process and the factors influencing effectiveness.
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
The document discusses wastewater treatment processes. It describes how wastewater treatment involves applying engineering techniques to change the physical, chemical, or biological properties of water so it can be disposed of safely. The treatment process includes pre-treatment to remove solids, preliminary treatment using screens and grit chambers, primary treatment using sedimentation to remove solids, secondary treatment using biological processes like trickling filters to further reduce organic matter, and final clarification before water is disposed of or reused. Sludge produced from treatment is stabilized and applied to agricultural fields. The wastewater treatment plant monitors water quality through testing.
From this slides you can get the better knowledge about Liquid waste management
If their is any confusion on this contents you can mail me
abishekregmi432@gmail.com
onkar khamgal ppt on water tretment plantONKARKHAMGAL
The document provides an overview of water treatment processes. It discusses that contaminated drinking water impacts over 50% of the world's population and causes approximately 14,000-25,000 daily deaths worldwide. The key steps in water treatment include screening, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection to remove physical, chemical, and biological contaminants and produce safe drinking water. Chlorine is commonly used for disinfection. The objective is to remove impurities and pathogens and deliver clean water for public health.
Water treatment describes processes used to make water acceptable for various uses like drinking, industrial processes, and medical uses. The goal is to remove or reduce contaminants to fit the intended use. Processes can include physical separation methods like settling and filtration, chemical processes like disinfection and coagulation, and biological processes for wastewater. Factors in selecting treatment processes include the raw water quality, intended use, desired water quality, system size and cost. Common water treatment processes are pretreatment, coagulation, rapid mixing, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection, and softening.
The document discusses various types of water treatment equipment and processes from Sichuan Shanshui Technology Co., Ltd. It defines terms like original water, softened water, pure water, and ultrapure water. It describes technologies for softening water using sodium ion exchangers, producing pure water using pretreatment and membrane filtration, and producing ultrapure water using pretreatment, RO, and EDI. It provides information on conventional filters, integrated water purifiers, disc filters, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and RO systems. It includes photos and discusses the inflow and effluent water quality standards for different treatment equipment.
Impact of sewage and sewage treatment on surfacezainabsarfraz4
it help you to discover difference between sewage treatment and water treatment.you will differentiate about sewage,sewarge ,sewage system,sewage treatment.
This document discusses wastewater, its sources and composition. It describes the wastewater treatment process which includes collection, screening, primary treatment to remove solids, secondary treatment using bacteria, disinfection, and final disposal. It also discusses stormwater drainage challenges during floods and better sanitation practices like vermicomposting toilets and septic tanks to treat sewage. The overall wastewater treatment process aims to remove contaminants and make water reusable or safe for release into water bodies.
This document discusses methods for disposing of treated sewage effluents. It describes natural methods like dilution disposal into water bodies, and disposal on land. It also describes artificial treatment methods before disposal. Key points covered include standards for dilution disposal, factors favoring dilution disposal, types of receiving waters, and the processes involved in the self-purification of natural streams.
The document discusses various methods for wastewater treatment, including primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment processes used at treatment plants. It also describes treatments for agricultural wastewater runoff involving sediment, nutrients, and animal waste. Industrial wastewater treatment is discussed along with common contaminants and treatment methods. Basic principles and types of devices for measuring water flow are also summarized.
This presentation provides with information regarding the processes , methods , applications of Water Treatment and simple design of water treatment filters. It incorporates chlorination, aeration, and other miscellaneous methods for water treatment
This document discusses various aspects of self-purification of streams, including:
1. Water pollution can come from point sources like factories or sewage systems, which are easier to identify and control, or non-point sources like agricultural runoff, which are harder to control.
2. Self-purification occurs through dilution, dispersion, sedimentation, oxidation, reduction, and effects of temperature and sunlight. Bacteria break down organic pollutants, using up dissolved oxygen.
3. A DO sag curve shows how dissolved oxygen levels decrease from the input point due to biochemical oxygen demand, before eventually reaching a critical point and recovering further downstream.
Melbourne Water supplies potable water to Melbourne through a treatment process and distribution system. It treats water from protected catchment areas with disinfection only, while water from open catchment areas requires additional filtration due to public access. Melbourne Water owns reservoirs that store treated water before gravity or pumping distributes it through pipes. As an alternative source, desalinated seawater undergoes reverse osmosis before mixing with reservoir water.
The document discusses effluent treatment plants. It describes effluent as liquid waste flowing from various sources and outlines the key stages of industrial wastewater treatment and sewage treatment. These include pre-treatment, screening, grit removal, primary treatment using sedimentation, secondary treatment using biological processes, and sometimes tertiary treatment for advanced cleaning. Sludge produced is also treated and disposed of safely.
This document discusses water treatment processes. It describes that water treatment removes contaminants from wastewater through physical, chemical, and biological processes. The objective is to produce a safe fluid and solid waste suitable for disposal or reuse. Sewage can be treated either close to its source in a decentralized system, or collected and transported to a centralized municipal treatment plant. Key processes mentioned include screening, grit removal, primary sedimentation, biological treatment, and disinfection.
This document discusses water structure, properties, scarcity, pollution, and quality management. It provides details on water treatment processes for wastewater, drinking water, and groundwater. Water structure is explained, noting water is made of polar H2O molecules that form hydrogen bonds. Scarcity of fresh water is addressed, with over 1 billion people lacking access. Water pollution from various human and natural sources contaminates supplies. Treatment methods like screening, sedimentation, and disinfection aim to remove solids and pathogens before water is returned safely to the environment or for drinking. Ongoing water quality management is needed through monitoring and adaptive practices.
The document presents a model for trickling filter process design. It describes Eckenfelder's pseudo-first-order reaction performance equation for substrate removal rate. The equation relates substrate concentration over time to rate constant, substrate concentration, and contact time. Contact time depends on filter depth and surface loading rate. The model is used to design a trickling filter with a given influent BOD, required effluent BOD, flow rate, filter depth, and removal rate constant to achieve the surface loading rate needed.
In the Caribbean harvesting of rainwater is a common way of obtaining water for a variety of uses because fresh water is a scarce resource. at http://philshanna04.bravesites.com/entries/technology/harvesting-system-rain-safely
The document provides information about water treatment processes at a water treatment plant. It discusses the steps involved, which include intake of raw water, screening and rapid mixing, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, chlorination for disinfection, storage, and distribution. Key steps involve removing contaminants through physical, chemical, and biological processes like coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration. Chlorine is added as a disinfectant before water is stored and distributed. Experts recommend replacing chlorine with alternatives like chlorine dioxide or ozone that do not produce harmful by-products.
The document describes how a trickling filter works as a component of on-site wastewater treatment systems, using microorganisms to break down contaminants as wastewater trickles through a bed of media. It explains the typical components of a trickling filter system including a septic tank, clarifier/dosing tank, trickling filter, and land application system. The document provides guidance on design, operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting of trickling filter systems.
This document summarizes various water treatment processes used to remove pathogens from drinking water. It discusses sources of water and the need for treatment due to microbial contamination. The main water treatment processes covered include storage, filtration (slow sand, rapid sand), coagulation/flocculation, softening and disinfection (chlorine, UV). It provides details on the typical microbial reductions achieved by each process and the factors influencing effectiveness.
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
The document discusses wastewater treatment processes. It describes how wastewater treatment involves applying engineering techniques to change the physical, chemical, or biological properties of water so it can be disposed of safely. The treatment process includes pre-treatment to remove solids, preliminary treatment using screens and grit chambers, primary treatment using sedimentation to remove solids, secondary treatment using biological processes like trickling filters to further reduce organic matter, and final clarification before water is disposed of or reused. Sludge produced from treatment is stabilized and applied to agricultural fields. The wastewater treatment plant monitors water quality through testing.
From this slides you can get the better knowledge about Liquid waste management
If their is any confusion on this contents you can mail me
abishekregmi432@gmail.com
onkar khamgal ppt on water tretment plantONKARKHAMGAL
The document provides an overview of water treatment processes. It discusses that contaminated drinking water impacts over 50% of the world's population and causes approximately 14,000-25,000 daily deaths worldwide. The key steps in water treatment include screening, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection to remove physical, chemical, and biological contaminants and produce safe drinking water. Chlorine is commonly used for disinfection. The objective is to remove impurities and pathogens and deliver clean water for public health.
Water treatment describes processes used to make water acceptable for various uses like drinking, industrial processes, and medical uses. The goal is to remove or reduce contaminants to fit the intended use. Processes can include physical separation methods like settling and filtration, chemical processes like disinfection and coagulation, and biological processes for wastewater. Factors in selecting treatment processes include the raw water quality, intended use, desired water quality, system size and cost. Common water treatment processes are pretreatment, coagulation, rapid mixing, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection, and softening.
The document discusses various types of water treatment equipment and processes from Sichuan Shanshui Technology Co., Ltd. It defines terms like original water, softened water, pure water, and ultrapure water. It describes technologies for softening water using sodium ion exchangers, producing pure water using pretreatment and membrane filtration, and producing ultrapure water using pretreatment, RO, and EDI. It provides information on conventional filters, integrated water purifiers, disc filters, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and RO systems. It includes photos and discusses the inflow and effluent water quality standards for different treatment equipment.
Impact of sewage and sewage treatment on surfacezainabsarfraz4
it help you to discover difference between sewage treatment and water treatment.you will differentiate about sewage,sewarge ,sewage system,sewage treatment.
This document discusses wastewater, its sources and composition. It describes the wastewater treatment process which includes collection, screening, primary treatment to remove solids, secondary treatment using bacteria, disinfection, and final disposal. It also discusses stormwater drainage challenges during floods and better sanitation practices like vermicomposting toilets and septic tanks to treat sewage. The overall wastewater treatment process aims to remove contaminants and make water reusable or safe for release into water bodies.
This document discusses methods for disposing of treated sewage effluents. It describes natural methods like dilution disposal into water bodies, and disposal on land. It also describes artificial treatment methods before disposal. Key points covered include standards for dilution disposal, factors favoring dilution disposal, types of receiving waters, and the processes involved in the self-purification of natural streams.
The document discusses various methods for wastewater treatment, including primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment processes used at treatment plants. It also describes treatments for agricultural wastewater runoff involving sediment, nutrients, and animal waste. Industrial wastewater treatment is discussed along with common contaminants and treatment methods. Basic principles and types of devices for measuring water flow are also summarized.
This presentation provides with information regarding the processes , methods , applications of Water Treatment and simple design of water treatment filters. It incorporates chlorination, aeration, and other miscellaneous methods for water treatment
This document discusses various aspects of self-purification of streams, including:
1. Water pollution can come from point sources like factories or sewage systems, which are easier to identify and control, or non-point sources like agricultural runoff, which are harder to control.
2. Self-purification occurs through dilution, dispersion, sedimentation, oxidation, reduction, and effects of temperature and sunlight. Bacteria break down organic pollutants, using up dissolved oxygen.
3. A DO sag curve shows how dissolved oxygen levels decrease from the input point due to biochemical oxygen demand, before eventually reaching a critical point and recovering further downstream.
Melbourne Water supplies potable water to Melbourne through a treatment process and distribution system. It treats water from protected catchment areas with disinfection only, while water from open catchment areas requires additional filtration due to public access. Melbourne Water owns reservoirs that store treated water before gravity or pumping distributes it through pipes. As an alternative source, desalinated seawater undergoes reverse osmosis before mixing with reservoir water.
The document discusses effluent treatment plants. It describes effluent as liquid waste flowing from various sources and outlines the key stages of industrial wastewater treatment and sewage treatment. These include pre-treatment, screening, grit removal, primary treatment using sedimentation, secondary treatment using biological processes, and sometimes tertiary treatment for advanced cleaning. Sludge produced is also treated and disposed of safely.
This document discusses water treatment processes. It describes that water treatment removes contaminants from wastewater through physical, chemical, and biological processes. The objective is to produce a safe fluid and solid waste suitable for disposal or reuse. Sewage can be treated either close to its source in a decentralized system, or collected and transported to a centralized municipal treatment plant. Key processes mentioned include screening, grit removal, primary sedimentation, biological treatment, and disinfection.
This document discusses water structure, properties, scarcity, pollution, and quality management. It provides details on water treatment processes for wastewater, drinking water, and groundwater. Water structure is explained, noting water is made of polar H2O molecules that form hydrogen bonds. Scarcity of fresh water is addressed, with over 1 billion people lacking access. Water pollution from various human and natural sources contaminates supplies. Treatment methods like screening, sedimentation, and disinfection aim to remove solids and pathogens before water is returned safely to the environment or for drinking. Ongoing water quality management is needed through monitoring and adaptive practices.
Design and Different Sections of a Waste Water Treatment PlantIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and sections of a wastewater treatment plant. It begins by introducing wastewater treatment plants and their importance. It then describes the main sections of a wastewater treatment plant in order: preliminary treatment to remove large solids, primary treatment using physical and chemical processes to remove grease and oils, and secondary treatment using biological processes to reduce organic matter. It also discusses specific processes like screening, coagulation and flocculation, and sedimentation tanks. The purpose is to provide information on wastewater treatment plant design and processes.
This document summarizes the water purification and treatment process used by the JalKal Vibhag municipal water department in Kanpur, India. It describes the multi-step process of pre-chlorination to remove particles, coagulation using alum, flocculation, sedimentation, post-chlorination, filtration, and backwashing of filters. It also compares reverse osmosis purification, which removes ions and particles but wastes a large amount of water, to the treated water produced through JalKal's process.
This document summarizes a case study on a 339 MLD sewage treatment plant in Amberpet, India that uses an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket process. It describes the key stages of treatment - primary (screening, grit removal, sedimentation), secondary (anaerobic and aerobic), and tertiary (disinfection, dechlorination). The plant was found to remove over 90% of impurities through this treatment process. The document also discusses the importance of treating sewage before disposal to protect public health and aquatic environments.
This document summarizes a case study on a 339 MLD sewage treatment plant in Amberpet, India that uses an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket process. It describes the key stages of treatment - primary (screening, grit removal, sedimentation), secondary (anaerobic and aerobic), and tertiary (disinfection, dechlorination). The plant was found to remove over 90% of impurities through this treatment process. The document also discusses the importance of treating sewage before disposal to protect public health and aquatic environments.
Design of 210 Mld Sewage Treatment PlantARUN KUMAR
This document provides details on the design of a 210 million liter per day sewage treatment plant. It discusses the need for the plant to treat sewage and prevent pollution. It then describes the three main stages of sewage treatment - primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment. Primary treatment involves removing solids and debris. Secondary treatment uses microorganisms to break down dissolved organic matter. Tertiary treatment further polishes the water with methods like filtration and chlorination before discharge.
Recycling of water water into drinking waterAshutosh Singh
How to convert waste water into drinking water. There are some technology are given and the time line of projects.
If any one wants it's synopsis report contact me on 9628656548 whatsapp
The document provides information on wastewater treatment processes. It defines wastewater and the objectives of treatment, which include reducing organic substances, nutrients, and pathogens. It describes primary treatment processes like screening and sedimentation that use physical separation to remove solids. Secondary treatment uses biological processes like activated sludge and trickling filters to further reduce organic material using microorganisms. The final effluent is suitable for discharge after primary and secondary treatment remove solids and organic waste.
This document discusses various sources of water supply including rain, surface water, and ground water. It describes waterborne diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths. Chemical water pollutants like detergents and heavy metals are also mentioned. The document outlines the key components of water purification systems including storage, filtration using slow sand filters or rapid sand filters, and disinfection methods like chlorination, ozonation, and ultraviolet irradiation. Potable water is defined as being free of pathogens and harmful chemicals, pleasant to taste, and suitable for domestic use.
Industrial waster water management and its applicationARUNKUMARC39
The document discusses various mitigation measures for water pollution from industries, including treating industrial wastewater before discharge. It describes conventional wastewater treatment processes involving primary sedimentation, secondary biological treatment, and disinfection. Guidelines for controlling industrial wastewater pollution include relevant environmental laws and policies in India that make state governments and urban local bodies responsible for sewage infrastructure and treatment.
This document outlines the key stages in water and wastewater treatment processes. It describes how surface water is initially screened and aerated to remove debris and dissolve oxygen. Water then undergoes coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation to remove solids before being filtered and disinfected with chlorine, UV light or ozone. Wastewater from domestic and industrial sources is treated in septic tanks or larger wastewater treatment plants that employ similar stages of coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection to clean the water before being returned to the environment or water cycle. The complete treatment process aims to provide clean drinking water while ensuring wastewater is safely returned to the water system.
Distillation is an effective method for removing many common water contaminants like bacteria, viruses, heavy metals, and dissolved solids. The distillation process involves boiling water to produce steam, then condensing the steam into purified water. While distillation can remove nearly all impurities, it is energy intensive and may not remove all volatile organic compounds unless additional filtration is used. Home distillers are available in batch or continuous flow models and require regular cleaning to remove scale buildup in the boiling chamber.
The document summarizes drinking water purification methods. It discusses parameters for water sources, such as acceptable coliform and turbidity counts. Surface water is treated through clarification and disinfection, including coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and filtration to remove particles, as well as chlorination to disinfect. Regulations like the Safe Drinking Water Act establish standards for drinking water quality. Treatment systems filter water and use disinfectants like chlorine, ozone and UV light to remove pathogens before water is stored and distributed.
#Treatment and Recycling of Sewage and Sludge
#Composition of Sewage
#Hazardous-Waste Management
#Treatment
#Physical Sewage Treatment or Primary Treatment
#Biological Treatment of Sewage or Secondary Treatment
#Chemical Treatment of Sewage or Tertiary Treatment
This document discusses water treatment systems and the water industry. It begins by introducing water and defining its importance. It then discusses the water industry, which includes water engineering, operations, plant construction, and treatment chemicals. The document outlines the various processes involved in water treatment, including screening, aeration, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. It provides details on the purpose and methods for each treatment process. In conclusion, it discusses how the water industry has significant effects on a country's economy through various uses of water for drinking, agriculture, industry, health, and more.
The document summarizes the sources and treatment process of wastewater. It discusses how wastewater is produced from various household and industrial sources and flows into sewer systems. It then outlines the main steps of wastewater treatment plants, which include screening, grit removal, sedimentation, aeration, and disinfection. Large solids are screened out, while grit and sludge settle in tanks. Aerobic bacteria digest waste in aeration tanks and the clarified water is further treated before being released or used.
Purification anf disinfection of watertJasmine John
Water purification involves removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, and gases from contaminated water to produce water suitable for drinking or other purposes. Key steps in water purification treatment include physical processes like filtration and sedimentation, chemical processes like flocculation and chlorination, and biological processes like slow sand filters. Standards for drinking water quality are set by governments and international organizations and treatment methods vary depending on the source and quality of the water.
Similar to Debre Markos university 4th year sewage project.pptx (20)
This document provides an overview of chapter two on basics of telecom networks. It covers topics such as telephone networks, computer networks, cable television, wireless networks, networking principles, network services, layered architecture, traffic characterization and quality of service, network elements, and network mechanisms. The document discusses telephone networks in detail including their development, basic systems of local loops and trunks, telephone numbering, an example call setup, and background on telephone networks. It also covers computer networks and their types including local area networks, wide area networks, and metropolitan area networks.
CHAPTER 3 (part 2) Earth Quake Load and procedure.pptxMamushLeta
This document provides an overview of earthquake load based on ES EN 1998-1:2014. It defines key terms like magnitude, intensity, and describes the main types of earthquakes. It explains how earthquakes can damage buildings through ground shaking, ground failure, tsunamis, and fire. It also discusses earthquake resistant structures, measurement of earthquakes, ground conditions, seismic action representation, zones, performance requirements, horizontal and vertical response spectra, and design ground displacement. The document is technical in nature and provides definitions and equations for earthquake analysis based on Eurocode standards.
This document discusses wind loads on structures. It begins by explaining that wind is moving air with mass and velocity that exerts kinetic energy. The intensity of wind load depends on wind velocity squared and the dimensions of resisting members. Wind velocity varies by location, structure height, terrain, and surroundings. Wind pressure depends on velocity, building shape/surface, terrain protection, and air density. Structures respond to wind loads through static deflection and dynamic vibration. Both external and internal wind pressures must be considered to calculate net pressure. Internal pressure depends on opening distribution. Several examples are provided to demonstrate calculating wind loads on buildings.
CHAPTER 3 (part 1) Wind Load and procedure.pptxMamushLeta
The document discusses wind loads and earthquake loads on structures according to Eurocode standards. It provides classifications of loads and an overview of wind loads, defining wind as moving air with mass and kinetic energy. Wind speeds are typically measured 10m above the ground. It describes modelling wind actions through peak velocity pressure, force coefficients, and a structural factor. Terrain categories, roughness factors, and orography factors are defined for calculating mean wind speeds at different heights. Pressure coefficients are used to determine wind pressures on external and internal surfaces. Structural response is assessed through wind forces calculated from surface pressures and force coefficients.
Plain sedimentation involves removing suspended solids from water through gravitational settling without the addition of chemicals. There are four types of particle settling regimes: discrete particle settling, flocculant settling, hindered settling, and compression settling. Discrete particle settling involves individual particles settling according to their size, shape, density and Stokes' Law. The design of sedimentation tanks considers factors such as flow velocity, tank capacity, inlet and outlet arrangements, and settling and sludge zones to facilitate effective particle removal.
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Debre Markos university 4th year sewage project.pptx
1.
2.
3. OBJECTIVIE OF THE STUDY
oUNDERSTAND WASTEWATER TREATMENT UNIT OPERATION AND PROCESS
oDISCUSS THE STANDARDIZED WASTE WATER OPERATION UNIT
oTO DISCUSS THE NATURE OF POLLUTANTS REMOVED FROM THE STP
oCOMPARE THE STANDARD SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT WITH DMU SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT (STP)
BASED ON DIFFERENT PARAMETERS
4. INTRODUCTION
• THE SECTION PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND IS INTENDED TO PROVIDE A
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF WHAT PROCESSES MAY BE AT WASTEWATER PLANT.
• WASTEWATER TREATMENT IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT SERVICES A MUNICIPALITY MAY PROVIDE
AND ONE OF THE LEAST VISIBLE.
• THERE MAY BE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS IN TERMS OF SIZE, GROUND
AREA, SHAPE OF TANKS (CIRCULAR OR RECTANGULAR), OR THE TYPES OF TREATMENT PROCESSES THEY
USE.
5. WHAT IS WASTEWATER?
• WASTEWATER IS THE POLLUTED FORM OF WATER GENERATED FROM RAINWATER RUNOFF AND HUMAN
ACTIVITIES.
• WASTEWATER REFERS TO ALL EFFLUENT FROM A HOUSEHOLD, COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS AND
INSTITUTIONS, HOSPITALS, INDUSTRIES, AND SO ON. IT ALSO INCLUDES STORMWATER AND URBAN
RUNOFF, AGRICULTURAL, HORTICULTURAL, AND AQUACULTURE EFFLUENT.
• IT IS ALSO CALLED SEWAGE
6. EFFLUENT:- REFERS TO THE SEWAGE OR LIQUID WASTE THAT IS DISCHARGED INTO WATER
BODIES EITHER FROM DIRECT SOURCES OR FROM TREATMENT PLANTS.
INFLUENT:- REFERS TO WATER, WASTEWATER, OR OTHER LIQUID FLOWING INTO A RESERVOIR,
BASIN, OR TREATMENT PLANT.
• SEWAGE IS ALSO WASTEWATER. IT IS WASTEWATER ORIGINATING FROM TOILETS AND BATHROOM
FIXTURES, BATHING, LAUNDRY, KITCHEN SINKS, CLEANERS, AND SIMILAR DIRTY WATER THAT IS
PRODUCED IN HOUSEHOLDS AND PUBLIC PLACES.
• WATER USED TO IRRIGATE TURF AND GARDENS, SWIMMING POOLS, ROOF DRAINAGE, SURFACE RUNOFF,
AND STORMWATER ARE ALL WASTEWATER BUT NOT CLASSIFIED AS SEWAGE.
7. WHY TREAT WASTEWATER?
• WE NEED TO REMOVE THE WASTEWATER POLLUTANTS TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT AND PROTECT
PUBLIC HEALTH.
• WHEN WATER IS USED BY OUR SOCIETY, THE WATER BECOMES CONTAMINATED WITH POLLUTANTS. IF
LEFT UNTREATED, THESE POLLUTANTS WOULD NEGATIVELY AFFECT OUR WATER ENVIRONMENT.
• FOR EXAMPLE, ORGANIC MATTER CAN CAUSE OXYGEN DEPLETION IN LAKES, RIVERS, AND STREAMS. THIS
BIOLOGICAL DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANICS COULD RESULT IN FISH KILLS AND/OR FOUL ODORS.
• WATERBORNE DISEASES ARE ALSO ELIMINATED THROUGH PROPER WASTEWATER TREATMENT.
ADDITIONALLY, THERE ARE MANY POLLUTANTS THAT COULD EXHIBIT TOXIC EFFECTS ON AQUATIC LIFE AND
THE PUBLIC.
8. HOW DO WE COLLECT THE WASTEWATER?
• THE SEWER OR COLLECTION SYSTEM IS DESIGNED SO THAT IT FLOWS TO A CENTRALIZED TREATMENT
LOCATION. THE COLLECTION SYSTEM IS COMPRISED OF SMALLER SEWERS WITH A DIAMETER OF ABOUT
FOUR INCHES. AS MORE HOMES AND COMPANIES ARE CONNECTED ALONG THE SYSTEM, THE PIPES
BECOME LARGER IN DIAMETER. WHERE GRAVITY SYSTEMS ARE NOT PRACTICAL, PUMPING STATIONS ARE
OFTEN INCLUDED TO LIFT THE WASTEWATER.
9. BOD - Biochemical Oxygen
Demand
a measure of the concentration of organics in the wastewater.
Clarifier A piece of wastewater treatment equipment used to "clarify" the wastewater,
usually some sort of holding tank that allows settling.
COD - Chemical Oxygen
Demand
The amount of chemical oxidant required to breakdown the wastes, also an
indicator of the concentration of organics.
Detention Time Retention Time, Residence Time How long on average wastewater
undergoes the wastewater treatment process
Disinfection The use of chemicals to kill any disease causing organisms in the
polished wastewater. UV light can also be used.
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) The amount of oxygen dissolved in the water. Measured in
milligrams per liter.
TSS - Total Suspended
Solids
The total solid particles that are suspended (as opposed to dissolved) in the
wastewater.
10. WHAT IS PRELIMINARY TREATMENT?
• PRELIMINARY TREATMENT PROCESSES ARE THE FIRST PROCESSES THAT THE WASTEWATER
ENCOUNTERS AS IT ENTERS THE TREATMENT PROCESS
SCREENINGS ARE STRING LIKE MATERIALS, RAGS AND LARGE FOREIGN OBJECTS LIKE STICKS OR
PERHAPS AN ERRANT GOLF BALL. THESE MATERIALS NEED TO BE REMOVED BECAUSE THEY CAN DAMAGE
MACHINERY OR CLOG PROCESSES. SCREENINGS ARE REMOVED USING A BAR SCREEN.
11. CONT.
• THE NEXT PROCESS IN PRELIMINARY TREATMENT IS GRIT REMOVAL. GRIT IS COMPRISED OF INORGANIC
MATERIAL SUCH AS SAND, GRAVEL, EGGSHELLS, ETC. THESE ITEMS ARE REMOVED TO PREVENT WEAR AND
ABRASION ON PUMPS AND OTHER MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT. GRIT CAN ALSO PLUG LINES AND PIPES AND
DOES NOT RESPOND TO BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT. IN THIS INFLUENT AREA, SAMPLING EQUIPMENT IS USED
TO COLLECT SMALL PORTIONS OF THE WASTEWATER FOR ANALYSIS. SAMPLING ENABLES THE OPERATOR
TO DETERMINE THE POLLUTANT LOADINGS ENTERING THE PLANT.
12. WHAT IS PRIMARY TREATMENT?
• PRIMARY TREATMENT IS A PHYSICAL SETTLING AND FLOATATION PROCESS THAT REMOVES SOLIDS.
What is Secondary Treatment?
• SECONDARY TREATMENT IS A BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESS USED TO STABILIZE THE DISSOLVED
SOLIDS.
13. WHERE DO ALL THE SOLIDS GO?
• SOLIDS THAT SETTLE OUT IN THE PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CLARIFIERS ARE REFERRED TO AS SLUDGE.
• SLUDGE THAT HAS BEEN PROCESSED TO REDUCE DISEASE-CAUSING ORGANISMS IS REFERRED TO AS
BIOSOLIDS.
• SLUDGE IS THE BYPRODUCT OF TREATING THE LIQUID WASTEWATER.
14. THE WASTEWATER TREATMENT
PROCESS
STAGE ONE — BAR SCREENING
REMOVAL OF LARGE ITEMS FROM THE INFLUENT TO PREVENT DAMAGE
TO THE FACILITY’S PUMPS, VALVES AND OTHER EQUIPMENT.
THE PROCESS OF TREATING AND RECLAIMING WATER FROM
WASTEWATER (ANY WATER THAT HAS BEEN USED IN HOMES, SUCH AS
FLUSHING TOILETS, WASHING DISHES, OR BATHING, AND SOME WATER
FROM INDUSTRIAL USE AND STORM SEWERS) STARTS WITH THE
EXPECTATION THAT AFTER IT IS TREATED IT WILL BE CLEAN ENOUGH TO
REENTER THE ENVIRONMENT.
15. STAGE TWO — SCREENING
REMOVAL OF GRIT BY FLOWING THE INFLUENT OVER/THROUGH A GRIT
CHAMBER.
FINE GRIT THAT FINDS ITS WAY INTO THE INFLUENT NEEDS TO BE REMOVED
TO PREVENT THE DAMAGE OF PUMPS AND EQUIPMENT DOWNSTREAM (OR
IMPACT WATER FLOW).
TOO SMALL TO BE SCREENED OUT, THIS GRIT NEEDS TO BE REMOVED FROM
THE GRIT CHAMBER.
THERE ARE SEVERAL TYPES OF GRIT CHAMBERS (HORIZONTAL, AERATED OR
VORTEX) WHICH CONTROL THE FLOW OF WATER, ALLOWING THE HEAVIER
GRIT TO FALL TO THE BOTTOM OF THE CHAMBER; THE WATER AND ORGANIC
MATERIAL CONTINUE TO FLOW TO THE NEXT STAGE IN THE PROCESS. THE
GRIT IS PHYSICALLY REMOVED FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE CHAMBER AND
DISCARDED.
16. STAGE THREE — PRIMARY CLARIFIER
INITIAL SEPARATION OF SOLID ORGANIC MATTER FROM WASTEWATER.
SOLIDS KNOWN AS ORGANICS/SLUDGE SINK TO THE BOTTOM OF THE TANK
AND ARE PUMPED TO A SLUDGE DIGESTOR OR SLUDGE PROCESSING AREA,
DRIED AND HAULED AWAY.
PROPER SETTLING RATES ARE A KEY INDICATOR FOR HOW WELL THE
CLARIFIER IS OPERATING. ADJUSTING FLOW RATE INTO THE CLARIFIER CAN
HELP THE OPERATOR ADJUST THE SETTLING RATES AND EFFICIENCY.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PRIMARY CLARIFICATION IS A MATTER OF
APPROPRIATE WATER FLOW. IF THE WATER FLOW IS TOO FAST, THE SOLIDS
DON’T HAVE TIME TO SINK TO THE BOTTOM RESULTING IN NEGATIVE IMPACT
ON WATER QUALITY DOWNSTREAM. IF THE WATER FLOW IS TOO SLOW, IT
IMPACTS THE PROCESS UP STREAM.
17. STAGE FOUR — AERATION
AIR IS PUMPED INTO THE AERATION TANK/BASIN TO ENCOURAGE
CONVERSION OF NH3 TO NO3 AND PROVIDE OXYGEN FOR BACTERIA TO
CONTINUE TO PROPAGATE AND GROW.
ONCE CONVERTED TO NO3, THE BACTERIA REMOVE/STRIP OXYGEN
MOLECULES FROM THE NITRATE MOLECULES AND THE NITROGEN (N) IS GIVEN
OFF AS N2↑ (NITROGEN GAS).
AT THE HEART OF THE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS IS THE
ENCOURAGEMENT AND ACCELERATION OF THE NATURAL PROCESS OF
BACTERIA, BREAKING DOWN ORGANIC MATERIAL. THIS BEGINS IN THE
AERATION TANK. THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF THE AERATION TANK IS TO
PUMP OXYGEN INTO THE TANK TO ENCOURAGE THE BREAKDOWN OF ANY
ORGANIC MATERIAL (AND THE GROWTH OF THE BACTERIA), AS WELL AS
ENSURE THERE IS ENOUGH TIME FOR THE ORGANIC MATERIAL TO BE BROKEN
DOWN.
18. STAGE FIVE — SECONDARY CLARIFIER
TREATED WASTEWATER IS PUMPED INTO A SECONDARY CLARIFIER TO ALLOW
ANY REMAINING ORGANIC SEDIMENT TO SETTLE OUT OF TREATED WATER
FLOW.
AS THE INFLUENT EXITS THE AERATION PROCESS, IT FLOWS INTO A SECONDARY
CLARIFIER WHERE, LIKE THE PRIMARY CLARIFIER, ANY VERY SMALL SOLIDS
(OR FINES) SINK TO THE BOTTOM OF THE TANK. THESE SMALL SOLIDS ARE
CALLED ACTIVATED SLUDGE AND CONSIST MOSTLY OF ACTIVE BACTERIA. PART
OF THIS ACTIVATED SLUDGE IS RETURNED TO THE AERATION TANK TO
INCREASE THE BACTERIAL CONCENTRATION, HELP IN PROPAGATION, AND
ACCELERATE THE BREAKDOWN OF ORGANIC MATERIAL. THE EXCESS IS
DISCARDED.
THE WATER THAT FLOWS FROM THE SECONDARY CLARIFIER HAS
SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCED ORGANIC MATERIAL AND SHOULD BE APPROACHING
EXPECTED EFFLUENT SPECIFICATIONS.
19. STAGE SIX — CHLORINATION (DISINFECTION)
CHLORINE IS ADDED TO KILL ANY REMAINING BACTERIA IN THE CONTACT
CHAMBER.
WITH THE ENHANCED CONCENTRATION OF BACTERIA AS PART OF THE
AERATION STAGE, THERE IS A NEED TO TEST THE OUTGOING EFFLUENT FOR
BACTERIA PRESENCE OR ABSENCE AND TO DISINFECT THE WATER. THIS
ENSURES THAT HIGHER THAN SPECIFIED CONCENTRATIONS OF BACTERIA
ARE NOT RELEASED INTO THE ENVIRONMENT. CHLORINATION IS THE MOST
COMMON AND INEXPENSIVE TYPE OF DISINFECTION BUT OZONE AND UV
DISINFECTION ARE ALSO INCREASING IN POPULARITY. IF CHORINE IS USED,
IT IS IMPORTANT TO TEST FOR FREE-CHLORINE LEVELS TO ENSURE THEY
ARE ACCEPTABLE LEVELS BEFORE BEING RELEASED INTO THE
ENVIRONMENT.
BUT IN OUR CASE THIS STEP IS DONE VIA UV (ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION)
20. STAGE SEVEN — WATER ANALYSIS & TESTING
• TESTING FOR PROPER PH LEVEL, AMMONIA, NITRATES, PHOSPHATES, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, AND RESIDUAL
CHLORINE LEVELS TO CONFORM TO THE PLANT’S NPDES PERMIT ARE CRITICAL TO THE PLANT’S
PERFORMANCE.
• ALTHOUGH TESTING IS CONTINUOUS THROUGHOUT THE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS TO ENSURE
OPTIMAL WATER FLOW, CLARIFICATION AND AERATION, FINAL TESTING IS DONE TO MAKE SURE THE
EFFLUENT LEAVING THE PLANT MEETS PERMIT SPECIFICATIONS. PLANTS THAT DON`T MEET PERMIT
DISCHARGE LEVELS ARE SUBJECT TO FINES AND POSSIBLE INCARCERATION OF THE OPERATOR IN
CHARGE.
21. STAGE EIGHT — EFFLUENT DISPOSAL
AFTER MEETING ALL PERMIT SPECIFICATIONS, CLEAN WATER IS
REINTRODUCED INTO THE ENVIRONMENT.
ALTHOUGH TESTING IS CONTINUOUS THROUGHOUT THE WASTEWATER
TREATMENT PROCESS TO ENSURE OPTIMAL WATER FLOW, CLARIFICATION
AND AERATION, FINAL TESTING IS DONE TO MAKE SURE THE EFFLUENT
LEAVING THE PLANT MEETS PERMIT SPECIFICATIONS. PLANTS THAT DON`T
MEET PERMIT DISCHARGE LEVELS ARE SUBJECT TO FINES AND POSSIBLE
INCARCERATION OF THE OPERATOR IN CHARGE.
22. A. WHERE DOES THE WASTE WATER COMES FROM?
• DORMITORY
• KITCHEN
• ADMIN BUILDINGS
• HUMAN BAY PRODUCTS.
• GENERALLY THE WASTE TYPE IS CALLED DOMESTIC.
B. WHAT TYPES OF SEWER SYSTEM HAVE BEEN USED?
• - DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY IS USED THE ACTIVATED WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT TYPE
• -CLOSED PIPE COMBINED SEWER SYSTEM.
23. C. WHAT ARE THE SEWER APPURTENANCES INCLUDED IN THE SEWAGE SYSTEM?
• PIPE: WITH 30CM DIAMETER
• PIPE TYPE =HIGH RESISTANCE DUCTILE AND TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE (HDP) PIPE MAN HOLE; HAVING: -
JUNCTION CONNECTION, BLADDER, COVER PAIN STOCK (CONTROLLING)
D. WHAT ARE THE TREATMENT UNITS INVOLVED IN DMU WWTP?
• -SCREEN
• -SAND TRAP (GRIT REMOVAL)
• -PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION TANK
• -AERATION TANK
• -SECONDARY SEDIMENTATION TANK
• -DISINFECTION UNIT (DU)
24.
25. E. WHICH METHODS OF TREATMENT ARE APPLIED IN EACH UNIT?
• IN SCREENING: - FLOATING MATTER WILL TRAP BY THE BAR SCREENING. EXAMPLE: - PLASTIC MODUS, LEAVES ETC.
THEREFORE THE METHOD OF TREATMENT IN THIS UNIT IS CALLED TRAPPING.
• IN SAND TRAP: - PARTICLES THAT CAN BE SETTLED BY THEIR OWN WEIGHT WILL BE SETTLING IN THIS TANK. IN
THIS UNIT THE TREATMENT METHOD IS SETTLING THE PARTICLES BY THE MEANS OF GRAVITY’
• IN PST (PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION TANK):- A PARTICLES WHICH CANNOT SETTLE IN SAND TRAP WILL BE SETTLED
HERE BECAUSE THE SEWAGE WILL GET ENOUGH TIME TO STAGNANT IN THIS TANK IT TAKES 2-8 HRS.
.DECOMPOSITION WILL TAKE PLACE BY FILAMENTS BACTERIA (WITHOUT OXYGEN) THE DECOMPOSED FILAMENT
SOIL WILL BE REMOVED TO SLUDGE DRYING BED BY HYDROSTATIC FORCE.
• IN AERATION TANK: - BIODEGRADING MATTER WHICH IS ESCAPING FROM PST CAN BE DEGRADING BY E-COLI AND
COLIFORM BACTERIA. AN AERATOR AND MIXER CAN FACILITATE THE PROCESS BY SUPPLYING DISSOLVED OXYGEN
FOR E-COLI AND COLIFORM BACTERIA.
26. • IN SST (SECONDARY SEDIMENTATION TANK):- IT IS USED TO SETTLE DECOMPOSED AND DEGRADED MATTER AND
SEPARATE WATER FROM THE DECOMPOSED AND DEGRADED MATTER.
• IN DISINFECTION UNIT: - DISINFECT ESCAPING BACTERIA AND OTHER MICROORGANISMS WHICH CAN HAVE AN
ADVERSE EFFECT ON HUMAN AND ANIMALS AT DOWNSTREAM. SO IN THIS UNIT WE KILL BACTERIA’S OR WE CAN
DISTORT THE DNA (REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF BACTERIA) B/C IF THEY ARE SHELLED BY OUTER MOST SHELL THEY
CANNOT BE DIE (ATTACKED) EASILY. IN THIS STAGE WE HAVE THREE KINDS OF TREATMENT THOSE ARE
• -CHEMICAL TREATMENT
• -UV SYSTEM TREATMENT (ULTRA VIOLET TREATMENT)
• -OZON TREATMENT
27. F. WHAT IS THE EFFICIENCY OF EACH TREATMENT UNIT?
• THE EFFICIENCY OF EACH TREATMENT PLANT UNIT IS DEPENDENT ON THE SITUATION AND CONDITION OF
THE SEWAGE BUT APPROXIMATELY IT IS UP TO 78-89% IT IS 78% WHEN IT IS HIGHLY CONCENTRATED
ESPECIALLY IN DRY SEASON AND IT IS 89% WHEN IT IS NOT CONCENTRATED (DILUTED) ESPECIALLY IN
SUMMER SEASON AND RAINY DAYS. BUT WHEN WE TALK ABOUT THE SCREENING IT IS 100% FUNCTIONAL
EXCEPT FOR THE DAYS WHEN IT IS MAL FUNCTIONED.
G. WHAT IS THE CHARACTERISTICS OF POLLUTANTS REMOVED IN EACH OPERATION
UNIT?
• THE CHARACTERISTICS OF POLLUTANTS IS COMMONLY THEY HAVE BAD SMELL, AND IN THE SAND TRAP
AND IN THE AERATION THEY FORM A BOBBLE LIKE STRUCTURES, AND IT HAVE AN ODOR LIKE TASTE OF
AMMONIA, IT HAVE GAS CHARACTERISTICS LIKE METHANE, HYDROGEN SULFIDE, CARBON MONO OXIDE,
CARBON DIOXIDE.
28. H. WHICH METHOD OF DISPOSAL HAS BEEN USED?
• THE METHOD OF DISPOSAL IN THE DMU STP IS IN THE FORM OF COMPOSITE OR IN SOLID FORM IT IS FERTILE SOIL
AND REACHES IN NITRATE SO IT IS USED FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSE. AND IT HAVE A QUALITY ASSURANCES THAT
STATES ABOUT IT’S NOT HARM FULL FOR THE ENVIRONMENT.
I. HOW SLUDGE IS MANAGED IN THE WWTP?
STEP 1 – SLUDGE THICKENING
STEP 2 – SLUDGE DIGESTION
STEP 3 – DEWATERING
STEP 4 – DISPOSAL
29. J. SHOW THE SLUDGE TREATMENT FLOW SHEET OF WWTP WITH ROUGH SKETCH.
30. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
• DMU STP IS WORKING AS THE SAME WAY TO THAT OF THE STANDARD SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT AND
WE ALSO NOTICE LITTLE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THEM THE FIRST DIFFERENCE IS IN THE STANDARD
SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT THERE IS A STANDARD USE OF MACHINERIES THAT ENABLE IT TO IMPROVE
ITS EFFICIENCY AND ALSO AVAILABILITY OF WATER ALSO ANOTHER FACTOR TO DETERMINE THE
EFFICIENCY OF A TREATMENT PLANT FOR EXAMPLE IF THERE IS ADEQUATE OR EFFICIENT USE OF WATER IT
MAKES THE TREATMENT PROCESS EASY AND EFFECTIVE, UNLESS IT MAY BE DIFFICULT TO TREAT THE
SEWAGES THAT COMES FROM DIFFERENT SOURCE.
31. RECOMMENDATIONS
• -THE WATER SUPPLY SHOULD BE EFFICIENT AND ADEQUATE IN ORDER TO GET EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT
TREATMENT PROCESS
• -THE CLEANING DAYS SHOULD BE PROGRAMED AND SCHEDULED UNLESS AND OTHERWISE IT IS HARM FULL FOR
THE HEALTH OF THE PEOPLES WHO WORKS IN THAT TREATMENT PLANT.
• -THE WORKER MUST TAKE CARE OF THEIR HEALTH BY WEARING DIFFERENT MATERIALS LIKE MASK AND
PROTECTIVE SHOES BECAUSE BEFORE DOING ANY WORKS SAFETY IS THE PRIOR THING.
• -WHEN THE VISITORS ARE COMING TO THE TREATMENT PLANT THEN THERE MUST BE ONE PERSON WHO IS
RESPONSIBLE TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS AND ALSO TO GUIDE THE TREATMENT PLANT FOR THE VISITORS.
32. CONT.
• - STRENGTHEN THE FINANCIAL AND HUMAN RESOURCES DEVOTED TO REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTION
TO SUPPORT PROGRESS IN COMPLIANCE WITH AND ENFORCEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS.
• -CONTINUE TO STRENGTHEN IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATED POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL
LICENSING MECHANISMS.
• - PROMOTE THE USE OF ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS SUCH AS POLLUTION CHARGES FOR INDUSTRY AND
WITHDRAWAL CHARGES FOR AGRICULTURE.
• -THEY HAVE TO CREATE AWARENESS ABOUT THE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SO THAT EVERYONE CAN CORPORATE WITH
THEM IN ALL ACTIVITIES.
33. CONCLUSION
• WASTE WATER TREATMENT IS A HUGE FACTOR TO KEEP SOCIETY ALIVE. MOST PEOPLE MAY NOT HAVE KNOWN THE
SIGNIFICANCE OF HAVING SUCH TECHNOLOGY IN OUR SOCIETY. IN MAJOR CITIES, THERE ARE DOZENS OF
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT, AND THERE ARE MANY WASTEWATER CONTRACTORS THAT OFFER SERVICES.
NOT ONLY GOVERNMENT-ISSUED CONTRACTORS, BUT THERE ARE ALSO NOW PRIVATE CONTRACTORS THAT ARE
READY TO KEEP YOUR WATER SAFE.
• WASTE WATER TREATMENT IS A MUST FOR COMPANIES THAT ARE RUNNING A FACTORY. WHETHER IT IS BIG OR
SMALL, THERE ARE CHOICES OF WATER PLANTS TO CHOOSE FROM. SUCH AS EFFLUENT WATER PLANTS AND SEMI
EFFLUENT WATER PLANTS. SO MAKE SURE THAT YOU ARE AWARE OF THE DANGER WATER CAN DO TO YOUR HEALTH
AND DAILY LIFE.