This document is a chapter from a history textbook about English colonial societies from 1590-1710. It covers the founding and development of the earliest English colonies in North America, including the Chesapeake colonies of Jamestown and Maryland, as well as New England. It also discusses the Caribbean colonies and proprietary colonies established later in the 17th century. The chapter is divided into sections on the different colonial regions and time periods, and contains questions for students on key events, people, and concepts discussed in the text.

1. 1 Visions of America, A History of the United States
CHAPTER
Models of Settlement
English Colonial Societies, 1590–1710
2
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3. Models of Settlement
I. The Chesapeake Colonies
II. New England
III. The Caribbean Colonies
IV. The Restoration Era and the Proprietary
Colonies
V. The Crises of the Late Seventeenth Century
VI. The Whig Ideal and the Emergence of
Political Stability
ENGLISH COLONIAL SOCIETIES, 1590–1710
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4. The Chesapeake Colonies
A. The Founding of Jamestown
B. Tobacco Agriculture and Political
Reorganization
C. Lord Baltimore’s Refuge: Maryland
D. Life in the Chesapeake: Tobacco and
Society
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5. The Founding of Jamestown
Why did Jamestown turn out to be such a
poor choice for a permanent settlement?
What was the “starving time”?
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7. Choices and Consequences
• English settlers kidnapped Matoaka
(Pocahontas) hoping to force her people,
the Powhatan, to accept a peace treaty.
• During her captivity, Matoaka learned
English, became a Christian, and adopted
a new name: Rebecca.
• John Rolfe, an English widower, proposed
marriage to Rebecca/Matoaka.
THE ORDEAL OF POCAHONTAS
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8. Choices and Consequences
Rebecca/Matoaka’s Choices Regarding
Marriage
THE ORDEAL OF POCAHONTAS
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Reject the offer of
marriage and
remain captive
Attempt to escape
Marry Rolfe and
then help forge a
Powhatan-Virginia
alliance

9. Choices and Consequences
Decision and Consequences
• Rebecca/Matoaka chose to marry Rolfe.
• She gained her freedom and Rolfe’s high status.
• She became a mediator between the Powhatan and
the English settlers.
What role did women play in Native
American diplomacy?
THE ORDEAL OF POCAHONTAS
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10. Choices and Consequences
Continuing Controversies
• How do Indian conceptions of gender roles
help explain Pocahontas’s decision to
marry?
THE ORDEAL OF POCAHONTAS
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11. Tobacco Agriculture and
Political Reorganization
What important reforms did Sir Edwin
Sandys implement in 1618?
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12. Tobacco Agriculture and
Political Reorganization
Headright – An incentive system to
encourage additional immigrants by giving
50 acres to any man who would pay his own
fare to Virginia and 50 additional acres for
each person brought with him
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15. Lord Baltimore’s Refuge: Maryland
What was a proprietor?
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16. Lord Baltimore’s Refuge: Maryland
Proprietor – This English legal title carried
with it enormous political power, giving its
possessor almost king-like authority over his
domains.
– Colonial proprietors carried similar powers.
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18. Life in the Chesapeake:
Tobacco and Society
How did the unbalanced sex ratio of the
Chesapeake affect gender roles in this
colonial region?
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19. New England
I. Plymouth Plantation
II. A Godly Commonwealth
III. Challenges to Puritan Orthodoxy
IV. Expansion and Conflict
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20. Plymouth Plantation
Why were English reformers called
Puritans?
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21. Images as History
What does Jan Steen’s painting tell us about the
world English Separatists encountered in Holland?
CORRUPTION VERSUS PIETY

22. Images as History
One small child smokes a
pipe; another is stealing
from someone’s purse.
The animals represent
vice and disorder.
The duck on the man’s
shoulder mocks his false
piety.
The woman in the center
of the painting is dressed
immodestly and leers at
the viewer.
CORRUPTION VERSUS PIETY

23. A Godly Commonwealth
Why did John Winthrop describe New
England as “a city upon a hill?”
What does John Cotton’s interpretation of
the Fifth Commandment reveal about
Puritan society?
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25. Envisioning Evidence
PATTERNS OF SETTLEMENT IN NEW ENGLAND
AND THE CHESAPEAKE COMPARED

26. Envisioning Evidence
What were the most important differences in the
settlement patterns typical of the Chesapeake and
New England?
PATTERNS OF SETTLEMENT IN NEW ENGLAND
AND THE CHESAPEAKE COMPARED

27. Challenges to Puritan Orthodoxy
What do New England’s laws reveal about
its culture?
Why was Ann Hutchinson such a threat to
the Puritan elite?
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28. Challenges to Puritan Orthodoxy
Quakers – The Society of Friends, who
believed each individual possessed a divine
spark of grace, an inner light that could lead
to salvation
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29. Competing Visions
Why did Puritans oppose religious toleration?
ANTINOMIANISM OR TOLERATION: THE PURITAN DILEMMA
Some Puritans, such as
Nathaniel Ward, opposed
religious toleration
because they believed it
led to ethical relativism
and moral anarchy; they
believed religion was
needed to guide behavior.
Roger Williams, who
favored tolerance,
believed the religious and
secular spheres were
entirely separate; freedom
in one sphere had no
necessary implications for
actions in the other
sphere.

30. The Caribbean Colonies
I. Power Is Sweet
II. Barbados: The Emergence of a Slave
Society
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32. Power Is Sweet
Why did the Caribbean become the jewel in
the crown of England’s colonial empire?
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33. Barbados:
The Emergence of a Slave Society
Why did Barbados turn to slavery as its
primary source of labor?
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35. The Restoration Era and the
Proprietary Colonies
I. The English Conquest of the Dutch
Colony of New Netherland
II. A Peaceable Kingdom: Quakers in
Pennsylvania
III. The Carolinas
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36. The Restoration Era and the
Proprietary Colonies
What was the Restoration?
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37. The Restoration Era and the
Proprietary Colonies
Restoration – In 1660 Charles II became
king of England, restoring the monarchy to
power after the Civil War and Cromwellian
rule
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The English Conquest of the
Dutch Colony of New Netherland

40. A Peaceable Kingdom:
Quakers in Pennsylvania
How did Pennsylvania embody Quaker
ideals?
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41. The Carolinas
How did the Restoration-era colonies differ
from earlier colonies on the issue of religious
toleration?
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42. The Crises of the Late Seventeenth
Century
I. War and Rebellion
II. The Dominion of New England and the
Glorious Revolution
III. The Salem Witchcraft Hysteria
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43. War and Rebellion
What were the main causes of Bacon’s
Rebellion?
What economic and demographic forces
contributed to the emergence of slavery in
the Chesapeake region?
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44. War and Rebellion
Bacon’s Rebellion – A popular uprising in
Virginia in 1676 named after its leader,
Nathaniel Bacon
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46. The Dominion of New England
and the Glorious Revolution
What was the Glorious Revolution?
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47. The Dominion of New England
and the Glorious Revolution
Glorious Revolution – The relatively
bloodless revolution that led to the
ascension of William and Mary, which was
widely seen as a vindication for English
liberty
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49. The Salem Witchcraft Hysteria
New Englanders believed that the Devil
made his minions sign a book or contract for
what purpose?
What was spectral evidence?
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51. The Whig Ideal and the
Emergence of Political Stability
I. The Whig Vision of Politics
II. Mercantilism, Federalism, and the
Structure of Empire
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52. The Whig Vision of Politics
What religious ideas were associated with
the Glorious Revolution?
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53. The Whig Vision of Politics
Whigs (English, 17th Century) – The group
that supported parliamentary power after the
Glorious Revolution
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55. Mercantilism, Federalism,
and the Structure of Empire
What was the theory of mercantilism?
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56. Mercantilism, Federalism,
and the Structure of Empire
Mercantilism – Theory of empire that
advocated strict regulation of trade between
colonies and the mother country to benefit
the latter
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