The chapter discusses the American Revolution from its early causes like the Seven Years' War and increased taxes on the colonies, to the declaration of independence in 1776. It then covers the war itself, which involved key battles across New England, the mid-Atlantic, and Southern regions. The war effort required financing and support from foreign allies like France. After American victory was secured with help from France, the new states worked to develop independent governments under the Articles of Confederation, while continuing to deal with issues of slavery, rights for women and minorities, and tensions with Native Americans.

1. Alan Brinkley,Alan Brinkley,
AMERICAN HISTORYAMERICAN HISTORY
13/e13/e
Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution

2. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
 IntroductionIntroduction
 Key Political QuestionsKey Political Questions
 Seven Year’s War – 1756-1763Seven Year’s War – 1756-1763
 Increased Taxes on the ColoniesIncreased Taxes on the Colonies
 Sugar Act-1764Sugar Act-1764
 Stamp Act-1765Stamp Act-1765
 Boston Massacre-1770Boston Massacre-1770
 Tea Act-1773Tea Act-1773
 First Continental Congress-1774First Continental Congress-1774
Independence Hall
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
2

3. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
Common Sense
(Library of Congress)
 The States UnitedThe States United
– Defining AmericanDefining American
War AimsWar Aims
 Olive Branch PetitionOlive Branch Petition
 Common Sense- Jan. 1776Common Sense- Jan. 1776
 Tom PaineTom Paine
3

4. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
 The States UnitedThe States United
– The Decision for IndependenceThe Decision for Independence
 The Declaration of Independence-July4The Declaration of Independence-July4thth
,1776,1776
 Referenced Previous DocumentsReferenced Previous Documents
 John Locke-1689John Locke-1689
Thomas Jefferson
(Library of Congress)
The Declaration
of Independence
(NARA)
4 .

5. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
 The States UnitedThe States United
– Responses to IndependenceResponses to Independence
 Divided AmericansDivided Americans
 Articles of Confederation-1781Articles of Confederation-1781
 Weak Central/National GovernmentWeak Central/National Government
 No Executive (President)No Executive (President)
 No Judiciary (Courts)No Judiciary (Courts)
 Unicameral CongressUnicameral Congress
5

6. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
 The States UnitedThe States United
– Mobilizing for WarMobilizing for War
 Financing the WarFinancing the War
 General GeorgeGeneral George
WashingtonWashington
 Supported andSupported and
Respected by PatriotsRespected by Patriots
 Foreign AssistanceForeign Assistance
 French SupportFrench Support
 French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War
George Washington
at Valley Forge
6

7. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
The War for IndependenceThe War for Independence
 American AdvantagesAmerican Advantages
 Greater Commitment to War EffortGreater Commitment to War Effort
–The First Phase: New EnglandThe First Phase: New England
 Bunker Hill- June 1775Bunker Hill- June 1775
 Heavy British CasualtiesHeavy British Casualties
 Lexington and Concord- April 1775Lexington and Concord- April 1775
 Invasion of CanadaInvasion of Canada
 Daniel MorganDaniel Morgan
7

8. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
The Revolution in the North, 1775-17768

9. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
 The War for IndependenceThe War for Independence
– The Second Phase:The Second Phase:
The Mid-Atlantic RegionThe Mid-Atlantic Region
 British Take New YorkBritish Take New York
 Britain’s StrategyBritain’s Strategy
 Crossing of the Delaware RiverCrossing of the Delaware River
 German HessiansGerman Hessians
 Gen. BurgoyneGen. Burgoyne
DefeatedDefeated
 Patriot VictoryPatriot Victory
at Saratogaat Saratoga
 British BlundersBritish Blunders9

10. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
The Revolution in the Middle Colonies, 1776-1778
10

11. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
American
Allies
British Allies
Oneida Cayuga
Tuscaro Seneca
Mohawk
 The War for IndependenceThe War for Independence
– The Iroquois and the BritishThe Iroquois and the British
 Divisions in the Iroquois ConfederacyDivisions in the Iroquois Confederacy
 Iroquois NeutralityIroquois Neutrality
11

12. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
 The War for IndependenceThe War for Independence
– Securing Aid from AbroadSecuring Aid from Abroad
 Militia DiplomatsMilitia Diplomats
 Pivotal French AidPivotal French Aid
Benjamin Franklin
(Portrait Gallery)
12

13. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
British surrender
to Washington
(Library of Congress)
 The War for IndependenceThe War for Independence
– The Final Phase: The SouthThe Final Phase: The South
 Revolutionary Consequences of the SouthernRevolutionary Consequences of the Southern
CampaignCampaign
 Capture of CharlestonCapture of Charleston
 Nathanael GreeneNathanael Greene
 Victory at the Battle of Yorktown-1781Victory at the Battle of Yorktown-1781
 Joint American and French OperationJoint American and French Operation
13

14. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
14
The Revolution in the South, 1778-1781

15. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
 The War for IndependenceThe War for Independence
– Winning the PeaceWinning the Peace
 Treaty of Paris-1783Treaty of Paris-1783
 John Adams and John JayJohn Adams and John Jay
 Formal Recognition of IndependenceFormal Recognition of Independence
A map presented to Benjamin
Franklin by the Royal
Cartographer of France, showing
the 1783 Treaty boundaries (Ro15

16. 16

17. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
 War and SocietyWar and Society
– Loyalists and MinoritiesLoyalists and Minorities
 The Loyalists’ PlightThe Loyalists’ Plight
 One-Third of Colonial Pop.One-Third of Colonial Pop.
 Disestablishment ofDisestablishment of
the Anglican Churchthe Anglican Church
17
Tarring and Feathering
(Library of Congress)

18. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
 War and SocietyWar and Society
– The War and SlaveryThe War and Slavery
 African-American Desire for FreedomAfrican-American Desire for Freedom
 Encouraged by British to Run AwayEncouraged by British to Run Away
 Tension between Liberty and SlaveryTension between Liberty and Slavery
– Native Americans and the RevolutionNative Americans and the Revolution
 Taking SidesTaking Sides
 Growing Divisions Among the IndiansGrowing Divisions Among the Indians
18

19. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
 War and SocietyWar and Society
– Women’s Rights and Women’s RolesWomen’s Rights and Women’s Roles
 Women of the ArmyWomen of the Army
 Calls for Women’s RightsCalls for Women’s Rights
 A Strengthened Patriarchal StructureA Strengthened Patriarchal Structure
19

20. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
Women of the Revolution
(Library of Congress)
20

21. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
 War and SocietyWar and Society
– The War EconomyThe War Economy
 New Patterns of TradeNew Patterns of Trade
21

22. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
 The Creation of State GovernmentsThe Creation of State Governments
– The Assumptions of RepublicanismThe Assumptions of Republicanism
 Importance of Civic VirtueImportance of Civic Virtue
 Persistent InequalityPersistent Inequality
 Equality of OpportunityEquality of Opportunity
 Slavery Banned in Penn.Slavery Banned in Penn.
22
“All men are created equal…”

23. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
 The Creation of State GovernmentsThe Creation of State Governments
– The First State ConstitutionsThe First State Constitutions
 Written Constitutions and Strong LegislaturesWritten Constitutions and Strong Legislatures
 Separation between Executive and LegislatureSeparation between Executive and Legislature
– Revising State GovernmentsRevising State Governments
 Shift to Strong ExecutivesShift to Strong Executives
 Virginia Statute of Religious Liberty-1786Virginia Statute of Religious Liberty-1786
 Separation of Church and StateSeparation of Church and State
23

24. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
 The Creation of State GovernmentsThe Creation of State Governments
– Toleration and SlaveryToleration and Slavery
 Statute of Religious LibertyStatute of Religious Liberty
 Virginia-1786Virginia-1786
Maintaining slavery is like
holding a “wolf by the
ears…”
ThomasJefferson
24

25. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
 The Search for a National GovernmentThe Search for a National Government
– The Confederation-1777The Confederation-1777
 Limited Power of the National GovernmentLimited Power of the National Government
 No Executive or JudiciaryNo Executive or Judiciary
 Unicameral CongressUnicameral Congress
 Congress could borrow and issue moneyCongress could borrow and issue money
 One vote per StateOne vote per State
– Diplomatic FailuresDiplomatic Failures
 Postwar Disputes with Britain and SpainPostwar Disputes with Britain and Spain
 Regional Differences over Diplomatic PolicyRegional Differences over Diplomatic Policy
25

26. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
26 The Conflict Over Western Lands

27. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
 The Search for a National GovernmentThe Search for a National Government
– The Confederation and the NorthwestThe Confederation and the Northwest
 The Land Ordinances of 1784 and 1785The Land Ordinances of 1784 and 1785
 Admission of new States to the UnionAdmission of new States to the Union
 The GridThe Grid
 Northwest Ordinance-1787Northwest Ordinance-1787
27

28. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
28 Land Survey: Ordinance of 1785

29. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
 The Search for a National GovernmentThe Search for a National Government
– Indians and the Western LandsIndians and the Western Lands
 Victories by Little TurtleVictories by Little Turtle
 Battle of Fallen TimbersBattle of Fallen Timbers
 Treaty of Greenville-1795Treaty of Greenville-1795
– Debts, Taxes, and Daniel ShaysDebts, Taxes, and Daniel Shays
 Postwar DepressionPostwar Depression
 Political Disputes over Economic IssuesPolitical Disputes over Economic Issues
 Shay’s RebellionShay’s Rebellion
 Displayed Weakness of National Govt.Displayed Weakness of National Govt.
29

30. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
Where Historians Disagree:Where Historians Disagree:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
30 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

31. Chapter Five:Chapter Five:
The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
America in the World:America in the World:
The Age of RevolutionsThe Age of Revolutions
31 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.