The document presents a press release by Ipsos detailing a poll regarding various social and economic issues in Kenya, conducted from March 28 to April 7, 2015, with a sample size of 1,964 respondents. Key findings include concerns about poverty, hunger, and the high cost of living, with significant proportions of the population reporting experiences of famine and economic hardships. The polling methodology and demographics of the respondents are also outlined, emphasizing the need for quality control in data collection.

1. © 2012 Ipsos. All rights reserved. Contains Ipsos' Confidential and Proprietary information and
may not be disclosed or reproduced without the prior written consent of Ipsos.
SPEC Barometer
Press Release: General Media
Prepared by: Ipsos
Release date: 25th April 2015

2.  Most serious problem facing Kenya today
 Proportion stating that:
 They or someone in the household ever go to sleep hungry
 Everyone in the household gets enough to eat
 They experienced famine in their locality in the past year
 They expect that there will be famine in the coming year
 Poverty:
 Prevalence of poverty in the locality
 Measures to reduce poverty in the locality
 Fuel Prices
 Awareness of drop in fuel prices
 Impact of drop in fuel prices
 Change in household’s economic position over the last 3 months
 Kenya’s direction:
 Country moving in the right/wrong direction
 Main reasons given for saying that Kenya is headed in the right/wrong direction
2
Contents

3. 3
Methodology

4. Methodology
4
Dates of polling 28th March - 7th April 2015
Sample Size 1,964
Sampling methodology
Random, Multi-stage stratified using PPS
(proportionate to population size)
Universe
Data collection
methodology
Sampling error
Face-to-Face interviews at the household level
Poll funding Ipsos Limited
Kenyan adults, aged 18 and above living
in Urban and Rural areas
+/-2.2% with a 95% confidence level
(Note: Higher error-margins for sub-samples)

5. Statistical Significance: Respondent Numbers and Error-Margins
for: Entire Sample, Before 2nd April , 2nd April and After 2nd April
1,964
1,364
193
4522.20%
2.60%
6.40%
4.60%
0.00%
1.00%
2.00%
3.00%
4.00%
5.00%
6.00%
7.00%
8.00%
9.00%
10.00%
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
Total Before 2nd April 2nd April After 2nd April
Sample Size Error-Margin
5

6. Sample Structure Statistics
6
Region
Sample Frame statistics
(April 2015)
*Weighted data
%
Population Census as at 2009
Adults (18 years +)
%
Central 257 13 2,548,038 13
Coast 173 9 1,711,549 9
Eastern 293 15 2,907,293 15
Nairobi 206 10 2,042,770 10
North Eastern 94* 5 929,158 5
Nyanza 257 13 2,547,980 13
Rift Valley 484 25 4,795,482 25
Western 200 10 1,980,090 10
TOTAL 1,964 100 19,462,360 100

7. Quality Control Measures
 For at least 20% of the interviews, a supervisor is present throughout
 Field managers visit at least 15% of the respondents in the sample at their
households to confirm the interviews (i.e. back-checking).
 After the interview data are electronically transmitted to the Ipsos Server: an
independent team then makes random phone calls to 40% of the
respondents to confirm that the interviews were conducted with the said
respondents (i.e., telephonic back-checks).
 Mobile Data Collection Platform captures GPS location (latitudes and
longitudes) of interviews conducted to verify the locations of the
interviewers in the field alongside allowing silent recording.
 Logical data checks are made on selected questionnaire entries to ensure
conformity to the sample’s statistical parameters.
7
Ipsos employs quality control measures to ensure the highest
possible integrity of obtained results/data

8. 8
Respondents’
Demographic Profile:

9. 28%
2%
30%
8%
11%
9%
10%
1%
1%
9%
22%
28%
23%
4%
4%
2%
5%
1%
2%
Catholic
Catholic Charismatic
Mainstream Protestant (ACK,…
SDA
Evangelical
Other Christian
Muslim
Refused To Answer/None
No religion
Public Sector wages/salary
Private sector wages /salary
Gains from self employment/…
Agriculture (own/household farm)
Livestock
Given money by others
Pension from previous employment
Other
Don’t Know
Refused To Answer
Demographic Profile
10%
9%
13%
25%
5%
15%
13%
10%
51%
49%
28%
29%
18%
25%
37%
63%
100%
Nairobi
Coast
Nyanza
Rift Valley
North Eastern
Eastern
Central
Western
Female
Male
18 - 24
25 - 34
35 - 44
45+
Urban
Rural
Kenyans
9
Region
Gender
Age
Setting
Religion
Nationality
Source of Household Income
Base: All Respondents (n=1,964)

10. Demographic Profile
4%
14%
19%
14%
26%
8%
7%
3%
3%
1%
42%
33%
11%
4%
1%
1%
0%
2%
7%
No formal education
Some primary education
Primary education completed
Some secondary education
Secondary education completed
Some middle level college (not…
Completed mid-level college (Not…
Some University education
University education completed
Post Graduate (Masters, MBA, PhD)
Less than 10,000
10,001 – 25,000
25,001 – 40,000
40,001 – 55,000
55,001 – 75,000
75,001 – 100,000
100,001 and above
Has No income
RTA/DK
10
Level of Education
Monthly Household Income (ALL
members of the Household)
Base: All Respondents (n=1,964)

11. Demographic Profile
41%
18%
11%
10%
7%
5%
5%
2%
1%
Self-Employed
Unemployed
Employed in the private sector
Peasant/herder (own farm/pasture)
Casual labour
Employed in the public sector
Student
Retired
Other
11
Employment Status
Base: All Respondents (n=1,964)

12. 12
Additional
Demographic Profiles

13. Estimated Monthly Household Income (By Total)
13
Less than Shs.
10,000, 44%
Shs. 10,000-25,000,
33%
Shs. 25,000-40,000,
11%
Shs. 40,000 and
More, 6%
DK/RTA, 7%
Base: All Respondents (n=1,964)

14. Estimated Monthly Household Income
(By All Those Who Gave Estimates)
14
Less than Shs.
10,000, 46%
Shs. 10,000-
25,000, 36%
Shs. 25,000-
40,000, 12%
Shs. 40,000 and
More, 6%
Estimate (2012) % Kenyans
Living in Poverty = 43%
Source: CIA Fact Book
(Base: n = 1,833, excluding those who
refused or stated that they do not know)

15. Estimated Monthly Household Income = Shs. 10,000 and Below
(By Total, Region)
15
44%
56%
50%
46%
44%
42% 41% 40%
24%
Total Coast Rift Valley Western Eastern Nyanza Central North
Eastern
Nairobi
Base: All Respondents (n=1,964)

16. Estimated Monthly Household Income – Time Series
16
44%
33%
11%
4% 2% 7%
41%
33%
10%
4% 3%
9%
47%
31%
9% 4% 3%
5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
0 to 10,000 10,001 –
25,000
25,001 –
40,000
40,001 –
55,000
55,001 and
above
RTA/DK
(n=1,964), April 2015 % (n=2,005), November 2014
% (n=2,021), August 2014

17. Main Source of Household Income (By Total)
17
Public Sector
wages/salary, 9%
Private sector wages
/salary, 22%
Gains from self
employment/
Business
owner/trader, 28%
Agriculture
(own/household
farm), 23%
Livestock, 4%
Given money by
others, 4%
Pension from
previous employment,
2%
Other, 5%
Don’t Know, 1% Refused To Answer,
2%
Base: All Respondents (n=1,964)

18. 18
Economic Issues

19. “What would you say is the most serious problem facing Kenya
today?” Single Response (By Total)
26%
19%
16%
11%
11%
5%
3%
3%
2%
1%
1%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
High cost of living/inflation
Corruption
Unemployment
Insecurity (5%)/Terrorism (6%)
Hunger/Drought
Poverty/Rich-Poor gap
Poor leadership
Crime
Tribalism/Ethnic Tensions
Lack of proper education
None
19
Base: All Respondents, (n=1,964)

20. “Generally, what would you say is the most serious problem facing
Kenya today?” (By Total, Supporters of Main Political Parties/Coalitions)
Problem
Total
(1,964)
Jubilee Supporters
(n=867)
CORD Supporters
(n=623)
%
Difference
High cost of
living/inflation 26% 23% 32% +9%
Unemployment 16% 16% 16% 0%
Insecurity/Terrorism 11% 11% 10% -1%
Hunger/Drought 11% 10% 9% -1%
Corruption 19% 22% 18% -4%
Crime 3% 3% 3% 0%
Poverty/Rich-Poor Gap 5% 5% 6% +1%
Poor Leadership 3% 3% 3% 0%
Tribalism 2% 2% 2% 0%
Poor Infrastructure 0% 1% 0% -1%
None 1% 1% 1% 0%
20

21. “What would you say is the most serious problem facing Kenya
today?” – Trend Analysis (Top 3 mentions, Single Response)
57%
68% 69% 70%
45%
39%
54%
56%
50%
38%
33% 33%
7%
26%
19%
8% 7% 9%
19%
13%
21%
14%
19%
13%
15% 16%
5%
16%
2% 1% 2%
3%
4%
12%
7%
10% 8%
20%
13%
18%
67%
14%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
High cost of living Unemployment Crime/Insecurity/Terrorism
21
Apr-11 Jun-11 Oct-11 Dec-11 Mar-12 Nov-12 Jun-13 Nov-13 Jan-14 Apr-14 Sep-14 Nov-14 Dec-14 Mar-15
*12.05% *14.49% *18.91% *18.93% *15.61% *3.25% *4.91% *7.36% 7.21%* 6.41% 8.36% 6.09% 6.02% 6.31%
*Inflation:
Source -
KNBS

22. “What would you say is the most serious problem facing Kenya
today?” – Trend Analysis for Corruption, Single Mention
6%
10%
3%
7%
13%
14%
4%
7% 8%
10% 8% 8%
6%
19%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Corruption
22
Jubilee GovernmentGrand Coalition Government

23. “Does anyone in your household ever go to sleep hungry?” /
“Does everyone in your household always get enough to eat?”
By Total, Region
23Base: All Respondents (n=1,964)
38%
61%
50% 49%
43%
35%
33% 32%
16%
43%
45%
52%
41%
39%
43% 44%
49%
33%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Total
(n=1,964)
Coast
(n=173)
Nyanza
(n=257)
North
Eastern
(n=94)
Eastern
(n=293)
Western
(n=200)
Rift Valley
(484)
Nairobi
(n=206)
Central
(n=257)
1st Question: "YES" 2nd Question: "NO"

24. Any Past Experience/Expectations of Local Famine: by Total, Region
24Base: All Respondents (n=1,964)
58%
78%
74%
67%
64%
62%
49% 48%
36%
48%
54%
67%
55%
49%
41%
48%
44%
26%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Total
(n=1,964)
Eastern
(n=293)
Nyanza
(n=257)
Coast
(n=173)
North
Eastern
(n=94)
Western
(n=200)
Rift Valley
(n=494)
Nairobi
(n=206)
Central
(n=257)
In The Last One Year In The Next 12 Months
% Saying “YES”

25. “Is there any poverty in your locality?”: by Total, Region
25Base: All Respondents (n=1,964)
78%
91%
89%
87%
84%
76% 76%
60%
56%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Total
(n=1,964)
Nyanza
(n=257)
Coast
(n=173)
Western
(n=200)
Eastern
(n=293)
Nairobi
(n=206)
Rift Valley
(n=484)
North
Eastern
(n=94)
Central
(n=257)
% Saying “YES”

26. “What are main things that could be done to reduce poverty in your
locality?” by Total
52%
36%
27%
20%
12%
7%
6%
4%
4%
3%
1%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Employment opportunities
Agriculture/livestock
Infrastructure (roads, water, electricity)
Education
Governance (anti-corruption, policies, good
leadership, constitutional implementation etc.)
Security
Human health
Reduce the cost of living
Donation by Government/NGO to the needy
Family planning
Youth/women empowerment
26
Base: Those stating that there is poverty
in their locality (n=1,533)

27. Poverty and Famine
78%
58%
48%
43%
38%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
% saying that there is poverty in their
area/locality
% saying that people in their locality
have suffered from famine in the past
one year (58%)
% saying that they think there will be
famine in their locality within the next
12 months
% saying that they or everyone in their
family don't get enough food to eat
every day
% saying they or someone in their
household ever goes to sleep at night
hungry (for the lack of food)
27Base: All Respondents (n=1,964)

28. Awareness of Change in the Prices of Kerosene, Petrol and Diesel
28
YES, 80%
NO, 18%
RTA,
1%
DK, 2%
Base: All Respondents (n=1,964)
Reduction
61%
Reduction
and then
slight
increase
37%
Same/Other
response
3%
Base: Those saying that they are aware of
changes in the price of kerosene, petrol or
diesel (n=1,569)
“In the last few months, are you aware of any
changes in the price of Kerosene
Petrol/Diesel?”
“In the last few months, are you aware of any
changes in the price of Kerosene
Petrol/Diesel?”

29. 29
YES, 51%
NO, 48%
DK, 2%
Base: Those saying that the drop in the price
of kerosene, petrol or diesel has changed their
life in any way (n=782)
Reported Impact of Change in the Prices of Kerosene, Petrol and
Diesel
“Has this reduction in the price of
kerosene/petrol changed your life in any
way?”
“In what way(s)?”
Base: Those saying that they are aware of
changes in the price of kerosene, petrol or
diesel (n=1,569)
65%
49%
0% 20%40%60%80%100%
Saving more
Able to spend more
on other things

30. Change in Household Condition Over the Last 3 Months:
by Total, Supporters of the Main Political Parties/Coalitions
30Base: All Respondents (n=1,964)
22%
15%
27%
48%
57%
44%
29%
27%
29%
1% 1% 1%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Total (n=1,964) CORD Supporters (n=623) Jubilee Supporters (n=867)
Improved Worsened Stayed the same Not sure

31. “During the last three months, have the general economic
conditions for you and your family…?” – Trend Analysis
31
16%
20%
17% 19% 21%
26% 22%
49%
60%
56%
59%
52%
41%
48%
34%
19%
26%
21%
26% 31% 29%
1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1%
June 2013 Nov. 2013 Feb. 2014 May 2014 Sept. 2014 Nov. 2014 Apr. 2015
Improved Worsened Stayed the same Not Sure/NR

32. “In your opinion, are things in Kenya generally going in the right or
the wrong direction?” (By Total, Political Party/Coalition Alignment)
32
29%
52%
12%
7%
13%
74%
8%
5%
41%
35%
14%
9%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Right Direction Wrong Direction Neither Right Nor
Wrong Direction
Not Sure
Total (n=1,964) CORD Supporters (n=622) Jubilee Supporters (n=867)

33. “On the whole, thinking about Kenya today, are things generally
going in the right or wrong direction?” – Trend Analysis
33
29% 30%
26%
29%
32%
29%
64% 62% 60% 58%
52% 52%
7% 7%
13% 14% 16% 19%
Nov. 2013 Feb. 2014 May 2014 Sept. 2014 Nov. 2014 Apr. 2015
Right Direction Wrong Direction Neither Right Nor Wrong/Not Sure

34. Reasons for saying the Country is headed in the right or wrong
direction
34
41%
18%
11%
8%
6%
5%
2%
2%
2%
1%
1%
3%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Improved economy (cost of living,
employment opportunities etc.)
Infrastructure
Good leadership
Fighting corruption
Improving education services
Tackling insecurity/crime/terrorism
Hunger/drought interventions
Health services
Implementing the Constitution
Good relations with development
partners
Reduced ethnic tensions
No specific reason
61%
19%
8%
8%
2%
1%
1%
1%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%100%
Economic issues (High
cost of living,
unemployment etc.)
Increase in corruption
cases
Insecurity/Crime/Terroris
m failures
Poor leadership
Poor/Lack of interventions
on hunger/drought
Infrastructure
Tribalism/Ethnic tensions
Violation of human Rights
Base: Those saying that the country is headed in right
direction (n=565)
Base: Those saying that the country is headed in
wrong direction (n=990)
Wrong DirectionRight Direction

35. For further information contact:
Dr Tom Wolf
Research Analyst
tpwolf1944@gmail.com
Victor Rateng
Project Manager - Opinion Polls
victor.rateng@ipsos.com
Website: www.ipsos.co.ke
Follow us on twitter: @IpsosKe
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