This document discusses the relevance of Kautilya's Arthashastra, a 4th century BC treatise on political economy, to contemporary management. It explores concepts from the text, such as the importance of ethics in generating prosperity, the interdependence of ethics and resources, and controlling the senses and emotions to effectively lead an organization. While several studies have analyzed aspects of the Arthashastra, more research is still needed on its lessons for modern management areas. Overall the document argues that a careful examination of Kautilya's teachings can provide useful insights for improving management effectiveness and business success today.