The document discusses the Indian concept of Purushartha, which refers to the four main goals or aims of human life: Dharma (virtue/righteousness), Artha (wealth), Kama (pleasure), and Moksha (liberation). It explains each of these concepts and their significance for social welfare, self-control, and self-realization. Purushartha also provides the psycho-moral basis for the Ashrama system of life stages. The document then discusses how Purushartha relates to business needs like the need for finance/wealth and sharing wealth with stakeholders. It also covers Sanskara or values, describing them as processes that transform people into ideal personalities through in

1. PURUSHARTHA and
SANSKARA
Chapter-11
Cultural Heritage of India

2. Four-Fold Life Goals
“Purushartha Chatushtheya”
Purushartha = Purusha + Artha;
Purusha means person or self and Artha means aim
or goal of human life.
It has 3 related meanings:
 It means any human striving;
 It refers to human striving directed towards
overcoming fate and karma;
 It refers to anyone of the 4 recognized aims of life
i.e. Dharma, Artha, Karma and Moksha.

3. Significance of Purushartha
Social Welfare
Self-Control
Realization of Self
Psycho-Moral Basis of Ashrama System

4. Components of Purushartha

5. Dharma: (Virtue) The Indian expression of right
activities is dharma. In Mahabharata it is mentioned as
an ethical concept, defined as that what is right and
good.
In Mimamsa, dharma is a means to the attainment of
certain ends. This means that, ends like artha and
kama should be acquired through righteousness,
honesty and straightforwardness.
Kama: (Pleasure) Kama is ordinarily termed as
pleasure. “Kama is the enjoyment of the appropriate
objects by the five senses of hearing, feeling, seeing,
tasting and smelling, assisted by the mind together
with the soul.”

6. Artha: (Wealth) In one of the old Sanskrit lexicons,
‘artha’ is said to mean-meaning, money, a thing, and
possessions.
Artha also means the attainment of riches and
worldly prosperity, advantage, profit and wealth.
Artha, is a powerful urge in human nature.
Acquisition of means for the material well-being,
certain ends.
Moksha: (Liberation) Moksa means to get ‘rid off’
or ‘release’. Also it is commonly understood as
liberation.

7. Purushartha and Business
Dharma (righteousness) without Artha (wealth) is
powerless. Artha (wealth) is required to run a
business.
Need of Finance/Wealth
Sharing wealth with stakeholders
(Wealth refers to money, resources, culture etc.)

8. Sanskara (Values)
A process which transforms a person into an ideal
and outstanding personality.
It inculcates human values and qualities so as to
become responsible to himself, family and the
society.
According to Milton Rokeach;
“Values are global beliefs that guide actions and
judgments across a variety of situations ”

9. Characteristics of Values
Part of Culture
Learned Responses
Inculcated
Social Phenomenon
Gratifying Responses
Adaptive Process

10. Objectives of Values
Nourishment of Human Spirit
Change Human Nature
Scope for Improvement
Form Base of Relationship
Self-Management
Business Growth

11. Provide Direction
Provide Feedback
Improves Relationship
Building Culture
Socialization
Decision-Making

12. THANK YOU!!