Rizal was exiled to Dapitan by the Spanish authorities due to his writings and activities. During his 4 years in exile, he developed the town through infrastructure projects, agriculture, medicine and teaching. He established a model community and school. However, he was still monitored by Spanish spies. Rizal made the best of his situation in Dapitan and contributed greatly to the development of the town.
1) Rizal returned to Manila on June 26, 1892 and was met by Spanish authorities. He had meetings with Governor General Despujol to discuss pardoning his family but was not fully successful.
2) Rizal visited friends in Central Luzon and was shadowed by government spies. His friends' homes were later raided.
3) On July 3, Rizal founded the Liga Filipina civic league to unite Filipinos and promote reforms.
4) During a subsequent meeting, Despujol unexpectedly accused Rizal of subversive activities and had him arrested and deported to Dapitan, where he remained in exile until 1896.
Rizal enrolled in Ateneo de Manila in 1872 after passing the entrance exam for Colegio de San Juan de Letran. He excelled in his studies at Ateneo, becoming the "Emperor" among students. He received many medals and honors for his academic achievements. Rizal was involved in various organizations like the Marian Congregation and academies for Spanish literature and natural sciences. In addition to his studies, he pursued art, painting, sculpture, poetry and drama. After completing his Bachelor of Arts degree with highest honors in 1877, Rizal had established himself as a talented student who excelled in both academics and extracurricular activities during his time at Ateneo.
Rizal Chapter 4: Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo de Manila (1872 – 1877 )Noriel Caisip
4 months after the execution of Gom-Bur-Za and with Doña Teodora still in prison
Jose, was sent to Manila
He studied in the Ateneo Municipal
Under the supervision of the Spanish Jesuits
Bitter rival of the Dominican-owned College of San Juan de Letran
Rizal was exiled to Dapitan where he lived productively for four years. He established a school, hospital, farm, and engaged in business. Rizal contributed to the community through his work as a physician, scientist, inventor, and engineer. He had a romantic relationship with Josephine Bracken. When offered a position in Cuba, Rizal's exile ended as he departed sadly from the community in Dapitan that he had helped develop.
Rizal was exiled to Dapitan by the Spanish authorities due to his writings and activities. During his 4 years in exile, he developed the town through infrastructure projects, agriculture, medicine and teaching. He established a model community and school. However, he was still monitored by Spanish spies. Rizal made the best of his situation in Dapitan and contributed greatly to the development of the town.
1) Rizal returned to Manila on June 26, 1892 and was met by Spanish authorities. He had meetings with Governor General Despujol to discuss pardoning his family but was not fully successful.
2) Rizal visited friends in Central Luzon and was shadowed by government spies. His friends' homes were later raided.
3) On July 3, Rizal founded the Liga Filipina civic league to unite Filipinos and promote reforms.
4) During a subsequent meeting, Despujol unexpectedly accused Rizal of subversive activities and had him arrested and deported to Dapitan, where he remained in exile until 1896.
Rizal enrolled in Ateneo de Manila in 1872 after passing the entrance exam for Colegio de San Juan de Letran. He excelled in his studies at Ateneo, becoming the "Emperor" among students. He received many medals and honors for his academic achievements. Rizal was involved in various organizations like the Marian Congregation and academies for Spanish literature and natural sciences. In addition to his studies, he pursued art, painting, sculpture, poetry and drama. After completing his Bachelor of Arts degree with highest honors in 1877, Rizal had established himself as a talented student who excelled in both academics and extracurricular activities during his time at Ateneo.
Rizal Chapter 4: Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo de Manila (1872 – 1877 )Noriel Caisip
4 months after the execution of Gom-Bur-Za and with Doña Teodora still in prison
Jose, was sent to Manila
He studied in the Ateneo Municipal
Under the supervision of the Spanish Jesuits
Bitter rival of the Dominican-owned College of San Juan de Letran
Rizal was exiled to Dapitan where he lived productively for four years. He established a school, hospital, farm, and engaged in business. Rizal contributed to the community through his work as a physician, scientist, inventor, and engineer. He had a romantic relationship with Josephine Bracken. When offered a position in Cuba, Rizal's exile ended as he departed sadly from the community in Dapitan that he had helped develop.
Rizal secretly departed Manila for Spain in 1882 to study, avoiding detection by Spanish authorities. After stops in Singapore, Ceylon, and traveling through the Suez Canal, he arrived in Barcelona and later Madrid to study medicine. He also visited Paris, where he studied ophthalmology under Dr. Louis de Weckert. He then traveled to Germany, living and studying in Heidelberg, Leipzig, Dresden, and Berlin. While in Berlin, he published his first novel Noli Me Tangere with help from friend Maximo Viola, though he had issues with local police over his lack of passport.
Rizal's four-year exile in Dapitan came to an end. He left for Manila but missed the ship to Spain. While waiting, the Philippine Revolution broke out. Worried about the violence, Rizal departed for Spain on another ship. However, upon arriving in Barcelona, he was arrested and detained as a prisoner before being sent back to Manila to face trial. Unaware that the Spanish governor had betrayed him, Rizal sealed his own fate by refusing the advice of others to stay in Singapore for safety.
Rizal spent his last 24 hours in Fort Santiago meeting with visitors and writing. On the morning of December 30, 1896 he was awoken at 6:00 AM and wrote final letters to his family before beginning the death march to Bagumbayan around 6:30 AM. Despite having his arms tied, Rizal walked calmly with priests at his side as spectators lined the street. At Bagumbayan, Rizal was tied to a post and refused a blindfold before being shot by a firing squad at 7:03 AM.
Rizal faced many setbacks and misfortunes while in Madrid from 1890-1891. He was unable to secure justice for his oppressed family and tenants in Calamba through interviews with government ministers or the help of Spanish liberal newspapers. He received bad news that his family was evicted from their home and deported. Rizal also dealt with personal struggles including the aborted duels with Antonio Luna and Wenceslao Retana, the infidelity of Leonor Rivera, and a growing rivalry with Marcelo Del Pilar over leadership of the Propaganda Movement. Ultimately, Rizal turned down a leadership position to avoid further disunity among Filipino exiles.
Rizal spent his last hours under guard in Fort Santiago, Manila. He conversed with various Catholic priests over his religious views and whether he would renounce his criticisms of the Church. In his final hours, Rizal bid farewell to family members, wrote letters, and read religious texts. He was executed by firing squad at 7:03am on December 30, 1896, uttering his last words "It is finished" before dying. Rizal was secretly buried in an unmarked grave at Paco Cemetery, and his remains were later exhumed and reinterred at the Rizal Monument in Manila.
Rizal spent part of his childhood schooling in Binan, Laguna where he lodged with relatives. He was taught informally by his mother at age 3, and later had several private tutors before attending the formal school in Binan run by Maestro Justiano Aquino Cruz in 1869. While in Binan, Rizal excelled in his studies and also learned painting and sculpture from a man named Old Juancho. However, his mother Doña Teodora was falsely accused and imprisoned during this time, which injustice remained with Rizal. He returned to Calamba in 1870, continuing his education.
Rizal attended Ateneo Municipal in Manila from 1872 to 1877. He excelled academically, becoming the top student in his class. He engaged in many extracurricular activities including writing poetry, painting, and sculpture. Rizal developed a love of learning and used his time at Ateneo to explore various subjects including literature, science, and the arts. He graduated with highest honors, having achieved great success during his time as a student at Ateneo.
Rizal spent time in Brussels writing his second novel El Filibusterismo and contributing articles to La Solidaridad. While there, he resided at a boarding house run by the Jacoby sisters and developed a romance with Suzanne Jacoby. However, concerns over his family's situation in the Philippines and a desire to oversee their legal case prompted Rizal to travel to Madrid in 1890.
Rizal came from a wealthy Filipino family in Calamba, Laguna. He had 11 siblings and was born in 1861. His parents, Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso, provided Rizal with a comfortable upbringing and valued education. At a young age, Rizal displayed strong academic abilities and was tutored at home before entering formal schooling. He had a privileged but traditional Catholic upbringing surrounded by his large and influential family.
Rizal Chapter 22: Exile in Dapitan (Gregorio F. Zaide)Arvin Garing
Rizal lived in exile in far-away Dapitan, a remote town in Mindanao, which was under the missionary jurisdiction of the Jesuits, from 1892 to 1896. This four-year interregnum in his life was tediously unexciting, but was abundantly fruitful with varied achievements. He practices medicine, pursued scientific studies, continued his artistic and literary works, widened his knowledge of languages, established a school of boys, promoted community development projects, invented a wooden machine for making bricks, and engaged in farming and commerce. Despite his multifarious activities, he kept an extensive correspondence with his family, relatives, fellow reformists, and eminent scientists and scholars of Europe, including Blumentritt. Reinhold Rost, A.B. Meyer, W. Joest of Berlin, S. Knuttle of Stuttgart, and N.M. Keight of Prague.
Beginning of Exile in Dapitan. The steamer Cebu which brought Rizal to Dapitan carried a letter from Father Pablo Pastells, Superior of the Jesuit Society in the Philippines, to Father Antonio Obach, Jesuit parish priest of Dapitan. In this letter, Father Superior Pastells informed Father Obach that Rizal could live at the parish convent on the following conditions:
1. "That Rizal publicly retract his errors concerning religion, and make statements that were clearly pro-Spanish and against revolution.
2. "That he perform the church rites and make a general confession of his past life.
3. "That henceforth he conduct himself in an exemplary manner as a Spanish subject and a man of religion."
Rizal did not agree with these conditions. Consequently, he lived in the house of the commandant, Captain Carnicero. The relations between Carnicero (the warden) and Rizal (the prisoner) were warm and friendly.
House of Captain Carnicero.jpg) the house Rizal used to live.
Carnicero was charmed by Rizal's fine qualities and personality. They ate together at the same table and had many friendly conversations. Carnicero came to know that Rizal was not a common felon, much less a filibustero. He gave good reports on his prisoner to Governor Despujol. He gave him complete freedom to go anywhere, reporting only once a week at his office, and permitted Rizal, who was a good equestrian, to ride his chestnut horse.
Wins in Manila Lottery. On September 21, 1892, the sleepy town of Dapitan burst in hectic excitement. The mail boat Butuan was approaching the town, with colored pennants flying in the sea breezes. Captain Carnicero, thinking that a high Spanish official was coming, hastily dressed in gala uniform, ordered the town folks to gather at the shore, and himself rushed there, bringing a brass band.
The mail boat, Butuan, brought no Spanish officials but the happy tidings that the Lottery Ticket No. 9736 jointly owned by Captain Carnicero, Dr. Rizal, and Francisco Equilor (Spanish resident of Dipolog, a neighboring town of Dapitan) won the second prize of P20, 000 in the government-owned Manila Lottery.
Rizal chapter 3 - early education in calamba and biñanAntonio Delgado
Jose Rizal had several teachers that educated him early on. His first teacher was Doña Teodora who taught him prayers and the alphabet at age three. He later had private tutors like Maestro Celestino and Maestro Lucas Padua. His uncles also helped teach him, with Uncle Gregorio instilling a love of education. Rizal was then sent to a private school in Biñan where he excelled under Maestro Justiniano Cruz, despite facing jealousy from older classmates. Rizal left a strong student in December 1870.
This document provides a summary of Chapter 7 of the biography "Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal". It describes Rizal finishing and publishing his novel Noli Me Tangere in 1886-1887. Some key points:
- Rizal was inspired by Uncle Tom's Cabin to write about the suffering of Filipinos under Spanish rule. He began writing Noli Me Tangere in 1884 in Madrid and worked on it in Paris and Germany.
- The novel was published in March 1887 with funding from Rizal's friend Dr. Maximo Viola. It cost 300 pesos to print 2000 initial copies.
- The title "Noli Me Tangere"
Rizal arrived in Manila in June 1892 and was watched by authorities. He met with Governor-General Despujol to discuss reforms but did not gain freedom for his brother. On July 6, 1892 Rizal was arrested at Fort Santiago. He was then deported to Dapitan on July 17, 1892 where he would remain in exile for four years. In Dapitan, Rizal established a farm and home and continued his calls for reform, monitored by Captain Carnicero.
Rizal attended Ateneo de Manila from 1872 to 1877 where he initially struggled with Spanish but eventually excelled, becoming the top student in his fifth year. The Jesuit education at Ateneo emphasized discipline, character building, and religion. Rizal began writing poems while there and impressed his professors with his carvings of religious figures. During his time at Ateneo, Rizal's interest in reading grew and he had his first romantic experience.
A Martyrs Last Homecoming
Confiscation of Rizal's diary
Unsuccessful Rescue in Singapore
Arrival in Manila
Preliminary Investigation
Rizal Chooses His defender
Reading of Information of charges to the accused
" Accused of being the principal organizer and the living soul of the Filipino insurrection, the founder of societies ,periodicals, and book dedicated to fomenting and propagating the ideas of rebellion."
Rizal took a trip from Dapitan back to Manila in 1896 before his intended departure for Spain. During stops in places like Dumaguete, Cebu, and Iloilo, he met with friends and was fascinated by sites like Mactan island. However, upon arriving in Manila he missed the boat for Spain. While waiting for the next boat, the Philippine Revolution began. Rizal departed for Spain but was arrested in Barcelona after being betrayed by Spanish officials. He was then transported back to Manila, realizing his last trip abroad would end in imprisonment and death.
Rizal secretly departed Manila for Spain in 1882 to study, avoiding detection by Spanish authorities. After stops in Singapore, Ceylon, and traveling through the Suez Canal, he arrived in Barcelona and later Madrid to study medicine. He also visited Paris, where he studied ophthalmology under Dr. Louis de Weckert. He then traveled to Germany, living and studying in Heidelberg, Leipzig, Dresden, and Berlin. While in Berlin, he published his first novel Noli Me Tangere with help from friend Maximo Viola, though he had issues with local police over his lack of passport.
Rizal's four-year exile in Dapitan came to an end. He left for Manila but missed the ship to Spain. While waiting, the Philippine Revolution broke out. Worried about the violence, Rizal departed for Spain on another ship. However, upon arriving in Barcelona, he was arrested and detained as a prisoner before being sent back to Manila to face trial. Unaware that the Spanish governor had betrayed him, Rizal sealed his own fate by refusing the advice of others to stay in Singapore for safety.
Rizal spent his last 24 hours in Fort Santiago meeting with visitors and writing. On the morning of December 30, 1896 he was awoken at 6:00 AM and wrote final letters to his family before beginning the death march to Bagumbayan around 6:30 AM. Despite having his arms tied, Rizal walked calmly with priests at his side as spectators lined the street. At Bagumbayan, Rizal was tied to a post and refused a blindfold before being shot by a firing squad at 7:03 AM.
Rizal faced many setbacks and misfortunes while in Madrid from 1890-1891. He was unable to secure justice for his oppressed family and tenants in Calamba through interviews with government ministers or the help of Spanish liberal newspapers. He received bad news that his family was evicted from their home and deported. Rizal also dealt with personal struggles including the aborted duels with Antonio Luna and Wenceslao Retana, the infidelity of Leonor Rivera, and a growing rivalry with Marcelo Del Pilar over leadership of the Propaganda Movement. Ultimately, Rizal turned down a leadership position to avoid further disunity among Filipino exiles.
Rizal spent his last hours under guard in Fort Santiago, Manila. He conversed with various Catholic priests over his religious views and whether he would renounce his criticisms of the Church. In his final hours, Rizal bid farewell to family members, wrote letters, and read religious texts. He was executed by firing squad at 7:03am on December 30, 1896, uttering his last words "It is finished" before dying. Rizal was secretly buried in an unmarked grave at Paco Cemetery, and his remains were later exhumed and reinterred at the Rizal Monument in Manila.
Rizal spent part of his childhood schooling in Binan, Laguna where he lodged with relatives. He was taught informally by his mother at age 3, and later had several private tutors before attending the formal school in Binan run by Maestro Justiano Aquino Cruz in 1869. While in Binan, Rizal excelled in his studies and also learned painting and sculpture from a man named Old Juancho. However, his mother Doña Teodora was falsely accused and imprisoned during this time, which injustice remained with Rizal. He returned to Calamba in 1870, continuing his education.
Rizal attended Ateneo Municipal in Manila from 1872 to 1877. He excelled academically, becoming the top student in his class. He engaged in many extracurricular activities including writing poetry, painting, and sculpture. Rizal developed a love of learning and used his time at Ateneo to explore various subjects including literature, science, and the arts. He graduated with highest honors, having achieved great success during his time as a student at Ateneo.
Rizal spent time in Brussels writing his second novel El Filibusterismo and contributing articles to La Solidaridad. While there, he resided at a boarding house run by the Jacoby sisters and developed a romance with Suzanne Jacoby. However, concerns over his family's situation in the Philippines and a desire to oversee their legal case prompted Rizal to travel to Madrid in 1890.
Rizal came from a wealthy Filipino family in Calamba, Laguna. He had 11 siblings and was born in 1861. His parents, Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso, provided Rizal with a comfortable upbringing and valued education. At a young age, Rizal displayed strong academic abilities and was tutored at home before entering formal schooling. He had a privileged but traditional Catholic upbringing surrounded by his large and influential family.
Rizal Chapter 22: Exile in Dapitan (Gregorio F. Zaide)Arvin Garing
Rizal lived in exile in far-away Dapitan, a remote town in Mindanao, which was under the missionary jurisdiction of the Jesuits, from 1892 to 1896. This four-year interregnum in his life was tediously unexciting, but was abundantly fruitful with varied achievements. He practices medicine, pursued scientific studies, continued his artistic and literary works, widened his knowledge of languages, established a school of boys, promoted community development projects, invented a wooden machine for making bricks, and engaged in farming and commerce. Despite his multifarious activities, he kept an extensive correspondence with his family, relatives, fellow reformists, and eminent scientists and scholars of Europe, including Blumentritt. Reinhold Rost, A.B. Meyer, W. Joest of Berlin, S. Knuttle of Stuttgart, and N.M. Keight of Prague.
Beginning of Exile in Dapitan. The steamer Cebu which brought Rizal to Dapitan carried a letter from Father Pablo Pastells, Superior of the Jesuit Society in the Philippines, to Father Antonio Obach, Jesuit parish priest of Dapitan. In this letter, Father Superior Pastells informed Father Obach that Rizal could live at the parish convent on the following conditions:
1. "That Rizal publicly retract his errors concerning religion, and make statements that were clearly pro-Spanish and against revolution.
2. "That he perform the church rites and make a general confession of his past life.
3. "That henceforth he conduct himself in an exemplary manner as a Spanish subject and a man of religion."
Rizal did not agree with these conditions. Consequently, he lived in the house of the commandant, Captain Carnicero. The relations between Carnicero (the warden) and Rizal (the prisoner) were warm and friendly.
House of Captain Carnicero.jpg) the house Rizal used to live.
Carnicero was charmed by Rizal's fine qualities and personality. They ate together at the same table and had many friendly conversations. Carnicero came to know that Rizal was not a common felon, much less a filibustero. He gave good reports on his prisoner to Governor Despujol. He gave him complete freedom to go anywhere, reporting only once a week at his office, and permitted Rizal, who was a good equestrian, to ride his chestnut horse.
Wins in Manila Lottery. On September 21, 1892, the sleepy town of Dapitan burst in hectic excitement. The mail boat Butuan was approaching the town, with colored pennants flying in the sea breezes. Captain Carnicero, thinking that a high Spanish official was coming, hastily dressed in gala uniform, ordered the town folks to gather at the shore, and himself rushed there, bringing a brass band.
The mail boat, Butuan, brought no Spanish officials but the happy tidings that the Lottery Ticket No. 9736 jointly owned by Captain Carnicero, Dr. Rizal, and Francisco Equilor (Spanish resident of Dipolog, a neighboring town of Dapitan) won the second prize of P20, 000 in the government-owned Manila Lottery.
Rizal chapter 3 - early education in calamba and biñanAntonio Delgado
Jose Rizal had several teachers that educated him early on. His first teacher was Doña Teodora who taught him prayers and the alphabet at age three. He later had private tutors like Maestro Celestino and Maestro Lucas Padua. His uncles also helped teach him, with Uncle Gregorio instilling a love of education. Rizal was then sent to a private school in Biñan where he excelled under Maestro Justiniano Cruz, despite facing jealousy from older classmates. Rizal left a strong student in December 1870.
This document provides a summary of Chapter 7 of the biography "Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal". It describes Rizal finishing and publishing his novel Noli Me Tangere in 1886-1887. Some key points:
- Rizal was inspired by Uncle Tom's Cabin to write about the suffering of Filipinos under Spanish rule. He began writing Noli Me Tangere in 1884 in Madrid and worked on it in Paris and Germany.
- The novel was published in March 1887 with funding from Rizal's friend Dr. Maximo Viola. It cost 300 pesos to print 2000 initial copies.
- The title "Noli Me Tangere"
Rizal arrived in Manila in June 1892 and was watched by authorities. He met with Governor-General Despujol to discuss reforms but did not gain freedom for his brother. On July 6, 1892 Rizal was arrested at Fort Santiago. He was then deported to Dapitan on July 17, 1892 where he would remain in exile for four years. In Dapitan, Rizal established a farm and home and continued his calls for reform, monitored by Captain Carnicero.
Rizal attended Ateneo de Manila from 1872 to 1877 where he initially struggled with Spanish but eventually excelled, becoming the top student in his fifth year. The Jesuit education at Ateneo emphasized discipline, character building, and religion. Rizal began writing poems while there and impressed his professors with his carvings of religious figures. During his time at Ateneo, Rizal's interest in reading grew and he had his first romantic experience.
A Martyrs Last Homecoming
Confiscation of Rizal's diary
Unsuccessful Rescue in Singapore
Arrival in Manila
Preliminary Investigation
Rizal Chooses His defender
Reading of Information of charges to the accused
" Accused of being the principal organizer and the living soul of the Filipino insurrection, the founder of societies ,periodicals, and book dedicated to fomenting and propagating the ideas of rebellion."
Rizal took a trip from Dapitan back to Manila in 1896 before his intended departure for Spain. During stops in places like Dumaguete, Cebu, and Iloilo, he met with friends and was fascinated by sites like Mactan island. However, upon arriving in Manila he missed the boat for Spain. While waiting for the next boat, the Philippine Revolution began. Rizal departed for Spain but was arrested in Barcelona after being betrayed by Spanish officials. He was then transported back to Manila, realizing his last trip abroad would end in imprisonment and death.
Rizal spent his last day in Fort Santiago meeting with visitors like family and friends. He wrote his final poem as a contribution to Philippine independence. On December 30, 1896, he was executed by firing squad in Bagumbayan. Rizal walked calmly to the execution site and showed no fear of dying. He was dressed elegantly and his last words were addressed to encouraging Filipino independence. He was shot at 7:03 AM at age 35.
Rizal chapter 21- THE SECOND HOMECOMING AND LA LIGA FILIPINAleahamper29
Rizal made his second homecoming to Manila in June 1892, where he sought meetings with Governor General Despujol to negotiate for pardons for his family members. During this time, he also visited friends in Central Luzon and founded the civic league Liga Filipina. On July 6, Rizal was arrested and jailed in Fort Santiago on accusations of publishing anti-Spanish writings. He was then deported to Dapitan on July 15, where he began his four-year exile.
Rizal spent three years writing his second novel El Filibusterismo, revising chapters in different cities. He finished the manuscript in 1891 in Biarritz, France. Rizal then moved to Ghent, Belgium to have it printed more cheaply. He lived frugally in Ghent from July to September 1891 to save money. The printing had to be suspended due to lack of funds, but was completed thanks to a donation from Valentin Ventura. El Filibusterismo was published on September 18, 1891.
Rizal left Europe for Hong Kong in 1891 due to political differences with other Filipinos in Spain. In Hong Kong, he reunited with his family and opened a medical practice as an ophthalmic surgeon. He also conceived a project to establish a Filipino colony in British North Borneo but faced opposition from the Spanish authorities. During this time, Rizal continued writing articles advocating for reforms in the Philippines.
Rizal and other heroes/ heroines Chapter 23: last trip abroad (1896)Mary Grace Mancao
- Rizal had a pleasant trip from Dapitan to Manila with stops in several cities, where he practiced medicine. However, he missed the steamer to Spain. While waiting for the next ship, the Philippine Revolution erupted.
- Rizal was kept on a Spanish cruiser for over a month as he waited for passage to Spain. However, the Governor General was conspiring against him and had him arrested upon arrival in Barcelona. He was imprisoned and later executed, becoming a martyr for Philippine independence.
- This chapter details Rizal's last trip abroad from the Philippines to Spain, where he was ultimately arrested and imprisoned due to the duplicitous actions of the Spanish Governor General, despite
Rizal spent time in Biarritz, France where he befriended the Boustead family and fell in love with their daughter Nellie. While staying with them, he finished writing his novel El Filibusterismo. However, his romance with Nellie did not result in marriage due to religious differences. After finishing his novel, Rizal left Biarritz and traveled to Paris and Brussels, where he focused on revising and publishing El Filibusterismo.
Rizal encountered many adversities during his time in Madrid from 1890-1891. He almost fought two duels, one with Antonio Luna and another with Wenceslao Retana. Additionally, the infidelity of his love Leonor Rivera broke his heart. Rizal also faced rivalry with Marcelo H. del Pilar for leadership of the Propaganda Movement. This caused division among the Filipino community in Madrid. Despite being elected leader, Rizal declined to prevent further disunity and left Madrid, bidding it an emotional farewell.
Rizal recorded events in his diary during his travels from Barcelona. Upon arriving in Madrid, a friendly officer informed him that newspapers were blaming him for the bloody revolution in the Philippines. Rizal's diary aroused officials' curiosity and suspicion, fearing it contained seditious writings, so they confiscated and read his diary.
Rizal lived in London from May 1888 to March 1889 for three reasons: to improve his English, study Morga's book on Philippine history, and continue his fight against Spanish tyranny safely. While there, he annotated Morga's book at the British Museum and had a romance with his landlord's daughter, Gertrude Beckett. He wrote articles for publications and pieces defending his work. Rizal left London suddenly in March 1889 to continue his work from Paris.
Rizal moved to Paris after visiting London. While there, he socialized with the Pardo de Tavera family and Mr. Edward Bousted's family. He founded two clubs, Kidlat Club and Indios Bravos, and worked on two projects - the International Association of Filipinologists and a Modern Filipino College in Hong Kong. However, his romance with Adelina Bousted did not lead to marriage due to uncertainties about his feelings, religious differences, and concerns about his ability to financially support a family.
Rizal left Europe for Hong Kong in 1891, where he lived with his family and worked as an ophthalmic surgeon. While in Hong Kong, he continued writing works advocating for reforms in the Philippines and conceived of a project to establish a Filipino colony in Borneo. Despite warnings that it was dangerous to return to Manila, Rizal decided to do so in 1892 in order to discuss his colony project with the governor and establish the Liga Filipina secret society. Before departing, he wrote letters to be opened after his death predicting his fate.
El FiliBusterismo Published In Ghent (Life And Works Of Rizal Chapter 19)Darryl Jade Reyes
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Chapter 15 Life and Works of Rizal in LondonCarul Push
Rizal lived in London from May 1888 to March 1889. He stayed to improve his English, study Philippine history at the British Museum, and continue his fight against Spanish rule through his writings. He annotated Morga's book on Philippine history and wrote many articles for La Solidaridad. Rizal also befriended the Beckett family but had to leave due to his growing romantic feelings for Gertrude Beckett while still being committed to Leonor Rivera.
The document summarizes Rizal's exile in Dapitan from 1892 to 1896 through various pictures and biographical details. It describes pictures of people important to Rizal during this time like Father Sanchez, his family members, and Josephine Bracken. It also mentions pictures related to Rizal's work as a physician, farmer, teacher and inventor in Dapitan, as well as portraits of him conducting these activities. The document lists contributors to Rizal's biography and concludes with pictures from Cuba and Manila related to events after Rizal's exile.
Rizal sought solace in Biarritz, France after disappointment in Madrid. He was a guest of the Boustead family and enjoyed fencing and parties. In Biarritz, he romanced Nellie Boustead but his marriage proposal was rejected for refusing to convert to Protestantism and because Nellie's mother disapproved of him. During his month-long vacation in Biarritz, Rizal forgot his bitter Madrid memories. He finished writing his second novel El Filibusterismo there before departing for Paris and later returning to Brussels.
Rizal spent his last hours in prison meeting with visitors and writing his final works. On the morning of December 30, 1896, he was awoken at 3 AM to prepare for his execution. He heard mass, ate breakfast, and wrote final letters to his family. At around 6:30 AM, he began the march to Bagumbayan with priests at his side. Upon arriving, his last request to face the firing squad was denied. At 7:03 AM, Rizal was executed by firing squad and died facing the morning sun.
I. Talambuhay ni Rizal
II. Mga Kapatid ni Rizal
III. Ang Kabataan ni Rizal
IV. Pag-aaral at Paglalakbay ni Rizal
V. Pag-ibig
VI. Dapitan
VII. Paglilitis at Kamatayan
6. Bilang Kristiyano at martir na bayani, maluwag
niyang tinaggap ang mamatay para sa kanyang
mahal na bayan, na tinawag na “PERLAS NG
DAGAT SILANGAN” sa kanyang huling tula at
“PERLAS NG SILANGAN” sa artikulong
pinamagatang “Kawawang Pilipinas”
9. DISYEMBRE 29, 1896
Alas-6 ng Umaga
Binasa kay Rizal ni Kapitan Rafael Dominguez,
na inatasan ni Gobernador Heneral Camilo
Polavieja
10. Gobernador Heneral Camilo Polavieja
Namamahala sa mga paghahanda sa
pagbitay ng kinondenang preso na
babarilin siya sa likod ng iskuwad na
espanyol sa ganap na
alas-7 ng umaga sa Bagumbayan
12. Alas-7 ng Umaga
Isang oras pagkaraang basahin ang
sintensiyang kamatayan ay binalik siya sa
kapilya ng preso
Mga unang panauhin ay sina Padre Miguel
Saderra Mata at Padre Luis Viza
13. Alas-7:15 ng Umaga
Umalis si Rektor Saderra
Masayang ipinaalala ni Rizal kay Padre Viza
ang istatwa ng Sagradong Puso ni Hesus na inukit
niya sa Ateneo
14. Alas-8 ng Umaga
Dumating si Padre Antonio Rosell para palitan si
Padre Viza
Inanyayahan siya ni Rizal na saluhan siya sa
agahan, at kanya namang pinaunlakan
15. Dumating si Tenyente Luis Taviel de Andrade
pagkatapos ng agahan at pinasalamatan siya ni
Rizal para sa kanyang serbisyo
17. Alas-9 ng Umaga
Dumating si Padre Federico Faura
Naalala ni Rizal ang sinabi niya na
mapupugutan siya ng ulo dahil sa pagsulat niya
ng Noli Me Tangere
18. Sinabi ni Rizal kay Padre Faura:
“Padre, Ikaw ay isang propeta”
19. Alas-10 ng Umaga
Dinalaw si Rizal nina Padre Jose Vilaclara
(guro ni Rizal sa Ateneo) at Vicente Balaguer
(misyonerong Heswita sa Dapitan na naging
kaibigan ni Rizal ng siya’y desterado doon)
20. Santiago Mataix
Isang Espanyol na mamamahayag na
kuma-usap kay Rizal para sa pahayagang
El Heraldo de Madrid
21. Alas-12 ng Tanghali – 3:30 ng Hapon
Naiwang mag-isa si Rizal sa kanyang selda
Nananghalian at naging abala din sa
pagsusulat.
Marahil ay sa mga oras na ito ay isinulat ang
kanyang tula ng pamama-alam na itinago sa
kanyang alkohol na lutuan
22. Alkohol na Lutuan
Iniregalo ni Paz Pardo de Tavera (asawa ni
Juan Luna) nang minsang dumalaw siya
sa Paris noong 1890
23. Isinulat din niya ang huling liham niya kay
Profesor Blumentritt sa wikang Aleman
24. Propesor Ferdinand Blumentritt:
Aking Kapatid:
Pagkatanggap mo sa liham na ito, maaring patay na
ako. Bukas ng alas siyete, babarilin ako; ngunit ako ay inosente
sa krimen ng rebelyon.
Mamamatay akong malinis ang aking konsiyensiya.
Paalam aking matalik at pinakamamahal ng kaibigan, at
huwag ka sanang mag-isip ng masama sa akin.
Fuerza Santiago, Disyembre 29, 1896.
Jose Rizal
Ibati mo ako sa buong pamilya, kay Sra Rosa, Loleng,
Conrado, at Federico.
Iiwan ko sa iyo ang isang aklat bilang huling alaala
mula sa akin.
25. Alas-3:30 ng Hapon
Bumalik si Padre Balaguer sa Fuerza
Santiago para talakayin ang pagbawi niya
sa ideyang anti-Katoliko sa kanyang mga
sulatin at pagsapi sa Masonerya
26. Alas-4 ng Hapon
Dumating ang ina ni Rizal
Lumuhod si Rizal sa harap niya at hinagkan ang
mga kamay ng kanyang ina, humingi siya ng tawad
Pumasok sa selda si Trinidad para sunduin ang ina
27. Habang papalabas sila, ibinigay ni Rizal
ang alkohol na lutuan at ibinulong kay
Trinidad sa Ingles:
“May laman sa loob”
Naintindihan ito ni Trinidad dahil tinuruan ito ni
Rizal
28. Ang “Laman” isang tula ng pamamaalam
ni Rizal.
Inilabas ni Trinidad ang huli at
pinakadakilang tula ni Rizal. Isang
napakahalagang hiyas sa literaturang
Filipino
29. Pumasok sa selda sina Padre Vilaclara at
PadreEstanislao March, sunod ay si Padre
Rosell
30. Alas-6 ng Gabi
Tinanggap ni Rizal ang isang bagong panauhin si
Don Silvino Lopez Tuñon, ang dekano ng
Katedral ng Maynila.
Umalis sina Padre Balaguer at Padre March, at
naiwan si Vilaclara kasama sina Rizal at Don
Silvino
31. Alas-8 ng Gabi
Ang huling hapunan ni Rizal. Ipaalam niya
kay kapitan Dominguez, na kasama niya, na
pinapatawad na niya ang kanyang mga kaaway,
pati na ang mga huwes-militarna
nagsentensiya sa kanya ng kamatayan
32. Alas-9:30 ng Gabi
Dinalaw ni Rizal si Don Gaspar Casteño, ang
piskal ng Royal Audiencia de Manila. Mahusay na
may bisita, ibinigay ni Rizal ang pinakamainam na
silya sa kanyang selda. Pagkatapos ng pag-uusap
ay napaniwala ang piskal sa katalinuhan at
maginoong karakter ni Rizal.
33. Alas-10 ng Gabi
Ang burador ng pagbawi na ipinadala ng
arsobispong anti-Pilipino na si Bernardino
Nozaleda, Isinumite ni Padre Balaguer kay Rizal
para lagdaan, ngunit hindi ito ginawa ng bayani
dahil napakahaba at di niya ito gusto.
34. Ayon sa testimonya ni Padre Balaguer,
ipinakita niya kay Rizal ang mas maikling
burador na inihanda ni Padre Pio Pi, superyor
ng mga Heswita sa Pilipinas, at ito ay nagustuhan
ni Rizal.
35. Pagkaraan ng ilang pagbabago, isinulat ni
Rizal ang kanyang retraksiyon, na kung saan
itinakwil niya ang Masonerya at mga
relihiyosong ideyang anti-Katoliko.
36. Ang retraksiyon ni Rizal ay isang
kontrobersiyal na dokumento dahil ang mga
iskolar na Rizalista, na kung di Mason ay anti-
Katoliko, ay nagsasabing huwad and
dokumento
37. And debateng ito ay wala namang saysay dahil
hindi naman sapat and ebidensiya ng
dalawang panig hinggil sa pinaninindigan
nilang paniniwala. Wala ring halaga ito dahil
wala naman itong kaugnayan sa pagiging
dakila ni Rizal.
38. Gaya ng isang kasabihan:
“Sa mga naniniwala, hindi na kailangan ng patunay;
para sa mga di naniniwala, na ang pamantayan ng
paniniwala ay wala sa pag-iisip nila kundi sa kanilang
paninindigan walang magagawang patunay”.
39. Kung walang retraksiyon man o wala,
manantili ang katotohanang si Rizala ng
pinakadakilang bayaning Pilipino. Ganito rin
saiba pang kontrobersiya, gaya ng kung
magpakasal nga ba si Rizal kay Josephin
Bracken bago siya binitay.
41. Alas-5:30 ng Umaga
Ang huling agahan sa lupa
Sumulat ng dalawang lihan, ang una ay
para sa kanyang pamilya, at ang
pangalawa ay para kay Paciano
42. Dumating si Josephine Bracken kasama si
Josefa. Lumuluhang nagpaalam si Josephine
kay Rizal
Niyakap siya ni Rizal sa huling pagkakataon
at bago siya umalis, ibinigay ni Rizal ang huli
niyang regalo
43. Imitation of Christ
- Ang huling regalo ni Rizal kay Josephin
- Ito ay isang relihiyosong aklat
- Nilagdaan din ito ni Rizal
Sa aking mahal at nalulungkot na asawa, Josephin
Disyembre 30, 1896
Jose Rizal
44. Alas-6 ng Umaga
Naghahanda para sa pagmamartsa sa
Bagumbayan
Sinulatan din ang kanyangmga mahal na
magulang
45. Sa mahal kong ama,
Patawarin niyo ako sa mga pagdurusa ninyo sa
aking isinukli sa kalungkutan at mga sakripisyo para sa
aking edukasyon.
Hindi ko ito ginusto ni pinili.
Paalam, Ama, Paalam…
Jose Rizal
Sa mahal kong ina,
Sra. Dona Teodora Alonso
6:00 ng umaga ng Disyembre 30, 1896
Jose Rizal
47. Alas-6:30 ng Umaga
Tumunog ang trumpeta sa Fuerza
Santiago, hudyat na para simulan ang
pagmartsa sa Bagumbayan, kung saan
bibitayin si Rizal.
48. Apat na sundalong may ripleng de bayoneta ang
nangunguna sa martsa
Nasa likuran nila si Rizal na payapang naglalakad,
nasa gitna siya ng kanyang tagapagtanggol
(Tenyente Luis Taviel de Andrade) at dalang
heswitang pari (Padre March at Padre Vilaclara)
49. Eleganteng tingnan si Rizal sa suot niyang
itim na terno, itim na sumbrero, itim na
sapatos, putting polo, at itim na kurbata.
Nakatali ang kanyang mga braso, mula siko
pa-siko, ngunit ang pagkakatali ay di gaanong
mahigpit para maigalaw niya ang kanyang
mga braso
50. Sa mahina na tunog ng tambol, tahimik at
dahan-dahan silang nagmartsa
May nag-aabang sa mga kalsada mula sa
Fuerza Santiago hanggang Plaza del Palacio sa
harapan ng Katedral ng Maynila.
51. Para bang ang lahat ay nasa bagumbayan, kung
saan may malaking pulutong ng mga taong
nagtipon para masaksihan ang pagkamatay ng
isang martir.
Dumaan ang mga nagmamartsa sa makitid na
tarangkahan ng postigo, isa sa mga tarangkahan
ng lungsod na may pader, at narating nila ang
Malecon (Bonifacio Drive) na walang katao-tao.
52. Tumingala si Rizal at sinabi sa isa sa mga pari:
“Kay gandang umaga, Padre. Anong payapa
ang umagang ito! Naaninag ang Corregidor at
mga bundok ng Cavite! Sa mga umagang
tulad nito, namamasyal kami ng aking
kasintahan.”
53. Nang marahan nila ang harap ng Ateneo,
nakita ni Rizal ang mga toore ng kolehiyo
na nagingibabaw sa mga pader. Tinanong
niya:
“Iyon po ba ang Ateneo, Padre?”
Sagot ng pari:
“Oo”
54. Narating nila ang Bagumbayan.
Nagtipon ang mga manonood sa isang
parisukat na lugar na inilaan ng mga
sundalo.
Pumasok ang mga nagmamartsa sa lugar
na ito.
Madamo ang bahaging ito sa pagitan ng
dalawang posteng de-lampara na nasa
dalampasigan ng Look ng Maynila.
56. Si Rizal, na batid na di na niya maiiwasan ang
kanyang kapalaran, ay nagpaalam, ay nagpaalam
kina Padre march at padre Vilaclara at sa kanyang
magiting na tagapagtanggol, si Tenyente Luis
Taviel de Andrade. Bagaman nakatali ang mga
bisig, mahigpit pa rin niyang nahawakan ang
kanilang mga kamay. Binasbasan siya ng isa sa
mga pari at pinahalikan sa kanya ang krusipiho.
57. Yumuko si Rizal at hinagkan ito. Pagkaraa’y
hinihiling niya sa komandante ng iskuwas
na barilin siya ng nakaharap sa kanila.
Hindi pinagbigyan ang kanyang
kahilingan na dahil mahigpit ang utos ng
kapitan na barilin si Rizal ng nakatalikod.
58. Masama man sa loob, tinalikuran ni Rizal
ang mga babaril sa kanya at humarap siya
sa dagat. Isang Espanyol na
manggagamot, si Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo,
ang humiling at damhin ang pulso ni
Rizal. Nagulat si Dr. Castillo dahil
normal ang kanyang pulso, patunay na
hindi natatakot si Rizal na mamatay.
59. Tumunog ang mga tambol. Sa gitna ng
pagtatambol, may sumigaw na
“Magpaputok,” at nag-unahan na sa
pagpaputok ang mga baril na ipihit sa
kanan ang kanyang pinagbabaril na
katawan, at bumagsak sa lupa nang
nakaharap ang mukha sa sumisikat na
araw.
60. Alas-7:30 ng Umaga
Namatay si Rizal sa kasibulan ng
kaniyang kahustuhang gulang edad 35,
limang buwan at 11 araw.
61.
62. Inilarawan ni Rizal ang kanyang pagkamatay
sa kanyang pahimakas na tula, ikatlong
taludtod:
Mamamatay akong natatanaw
Sa likod ng dilim ang bukang liwayway,
Kung kailangan mo ang pulang pangulay,
Dugo ko’y gamitin sa kapanahunan
Nang ang liwanag mo ay lalong kuminang!
63. Interesanteng malaman na 14 na taon bago
siya bitayin, nahulaan na nni Rizal na
mamatay siya sa Disyembre 30. Noo’y isa
pa lamang siyang estudyante ng medisina
sa Madrid, Espanya.
Sinulat niya sa kanyang talaarawan:
64. Enero 1, 1883
Kamakalawang gabi, iyon ay
Disyembre 30, nagkaroon ako nga
nakakatakot na panaginip na muntik na
akong mamatay. Nanaginip ako na,
ginagaya ang isang aktor na naghihingalo
sa enteblado, nararamdaman kong
bumabagal ang aking paghinga at mabilis
ang aking panghihina. Pagkatapos ay
nagdilim ang aking paningin at nilukob ako
ng kadiliman ito ang kamatayan.
66. Nang patayin ng punglo mula sa iskuwad na
Espanyol si Dr. Rizal, ang mga Espanyol,
mga residente, prayle, tiwaling opisyal ay
nagsaya dahil si Rizal, ang mahigpit
nilang kaaway na kampeon sa
pakikipaglaban para sa kasarinlan ng
Pilipinas, ay wala na sa wakas.
67. Sa katunayan, pagkaraan ng pagbitay,
sumigawang mga Espanyol na
nanonood, “Mabuhay ang Espanya!”
“Kamatayan para sa mga traydor!,” at
ang banda militar ay nakisaya rin sa
pagkamatay ni Rizal, pinatutog ang
masayang Marcha de Cadiz
68. Kawawang mga Espanyol, walang mga
pananaw! Hindi nila alam ang di
nababagong ihip ng hangin ng kasaysayan.
Ang pagkamatay ni Rizal ay naging
pundasyon ng isang bansang nagsasarili.
Totoo, pinatay si Rizal ng punglo ng
Espanyol, ngunit hindi nila napatay ang mga
ideyang liberal na umusbong sa utak ni
Rizal, na siyang nagwasak sa pamamahala ng
mga Espanyol sa Pilipinas
69. Gaya ng sinabi ni Cecilio Apostol,
pinakadakilang makatang Pilipino sa
Espanyol:
“nawa‟y mapayapa sa anino ng pagkalimot,
tagapagligtas ng bansang sinusupil!
Sa misteryo ng libingan, „wag lumuha, wag pansinin
ang panandaliang tagumpay ng mga Espanyol!
Dahil kung winasak ng isang punglo ang iyong utak,
Pinaguho naman ng iyong ideya ang isang
imperyo!”
70. Sa kanyang mga isinulat, na gumising sa
nasyonalismong Pilipino at naghawan ng
landas para sa Rebolusyon ng Pilipinas,
pinatunayan ni Rizal na “mas mabisa ang
panulat kaysa sa espada.”
Bilang henyo, manunulat, at martir-politiko,
karapat-dapat siyang saluduhan ng
kasaysayan bilang
Pambansang Bayani ng Pilipinas
