Justice as Equality
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This document discusses the concept of equality and its relationship to justice. It makes several key points: 1) Equality means having the same status, level, rights, and protections, but inequality exists in the world. The principle of equality underlies justice. 2) Islam promotes equality before the law, with equal rights and duties for all people regardless of background. 3) For justice and equality to exist, there must be rules that determine how different classes or categories of people should be treated, such as the same punishment for all murderers. 4) The Malaysian Constitution enshrines the principle of equality, stating that all are equal before the law and entitled to equal protection without discrimination.
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@ Kindly Follow my Instagram Page to discuss about your mental health problems-
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1. Sayyid Jamaluddin Al- Afghani (1838/1839 – 9 March 1897)
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This document provides an overview of the concept of law. It discusses how laws reflect societal values and human rights. It also describes the different types of laws, including criminal vs. civil laws, and the levels of required proof in each. Additionally, it examines the balance between rights and responsibilities and how the US Constitution works to limit government powers through the principles of separation of powers and judicial review.
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CTA Individual Interview script
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2) A revolution is defined as a total change of conditions or radical political/social change, including the violent overthrow of one government and replacement with another.
3) The case of Stella Madzimbamuto and Desmond William Lardner-Burke and Frederick Phillip George in Southern Rhodesia illustrates how a successful revolution impacts the grundnorm - initially the courts did not recognize the new regime as legitimate, but after 8 months recognized that the revolution had been successful and the new regime's laws were valid.
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my presentation slide back in the old days
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http://www.slideshare.net/tuansyahmimatter/swimming-speech
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This document summarizes the Subordinate Courts (Amendment) Bill. The bill aims to amend the Subordinate Courts Act 1948 to increase the civil jurisdiction limits of subordinate courts and introduce provisions for appointing registrars. Key changes include raising the Sessions Court's jurisdiction limit to MYR1 million, increasing magistrates' jurisdiction limits, and deleting parts related to abolished Penghulu's Courts. The bill also grants Sessions Courts new powers related to injunctions and declarations.
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Act 92 subordinate courts act 1948
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the slide can be found at:
http://www.slideshare.net/tuansyahmimatter/vicarious-liability-in-tort
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http://www.slideshare.net/tuansyahmimatter/vicarious-liability-in-tort-18114975
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Justice as Equality
- 1. JUSTICELAW 012 AS EQUALITY
- 2. WHAT IS EQUALITY? • Same status, level, rights, protections BUT • World full of inequality(Nagel) • Hart sees principle of equality is an underlying essence of justice.
- 3. EQUALITY IN ISLAM • The believers are but brothers, so make settlement between your brothers. And fear Allah that you may receive mercy. (Al- Quran: Al-Hujurat 49:13) • O mankind, indeed We have created you from male and female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another. Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted. (Al-Quran: Al-Hujurat 49:13) • Principle of musawat ; equality before the law and rights & duties
- 4. TYPES OF EQUALITY • Freedom – right to life, movement • Welfare – protect interest of poor people, affirmative action. • Resources – country’s wealth • Political – freedom of speech, expression and association.
- 5. AIM OF JUSTICE: EQUALITY • All people should be treated equally unless there is some significant differences between their cases. • Thus,justice and equality require rules to set out how classes of people should be treated. E.g:- • All murderes will be hung • Insane adult can plead the defence of unsoundness of mind in criminal case
- 6. All people should be treated equally To ensure equality, the doctrine of stare decisis (judicial precedent) is followed in the courtroom, i.e. similar cases will apply similar legal principles to ensure consistency and equality in decisions Justice and equality require rules, setting out how categories or classes of people should be treated Article 8 Federal Constitution: “All are equal before the law and entitled to equal protection. No discrimination against citizen on the grounds of race, religion, gender, place of birth etc”
- 7. THINK OF JUSTICE AS EQUALITY • Justice as equal treatment: Everyone should be treated equally. What does this means? • If a special needs child is placed in a separate class is the child being treated equally?