Presented by Humphrey Jumba, Henry Kiara and George Owuor at the CGIAR Collaboration Platform for Gender Research Second Annual Scientific Conference, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 25-28 September 2018.
Gender perspectives in estimation of rates and determinants of adoption of th...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Jumba Humphrey (ILRI/LIVESTOCK), as part of the Annual Gender Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 25-27 September 2018 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, hosted by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and co-organized with KIT Royal Tropical Institute.
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-conference-2018/
— The low productivity of the Ethiopian diary sector has been explained by the genetic potentials and management practices. Milk production and consumption largely rely on the indigenous cows. To enhance the contribution of dairy to household food security, nutrition and income, adoption of improved dairy breeds together with the component practices is indispensable. To study the adoption of the dairy technologies and the factors stimulating the choices, a cross-sectional household survey was conducted in the central and eastern Ethiopia. Results declare that the rate of adoption of improved breeds, artificial insemination and improved forage remained to be limited. The uptake of concentrate feeding is found to be relatively better. As the joint multivariate probit estimation confirmed, there is complementarity and interdependence in the uptake of improved breeds, artificial insemination, concentrate feeds and improved forages. Utilization of forage lagged behind to complement adoption of improved cows. Tobit model determination confirmed that the same factors are affecting the adoption decisions. The factors responsible for the joint adoptions, the number of cows owned and intensity of adoption include education status, household wealth, access to markets and district centers, contacts with extension and gender roles. Both the joint and individual analyses highlighted the need for strategies that could overcome the constraints and ensure better uptake of the technologies.
ILRI in East and Southeast Asia: Summary of current profile and emerging prio...ILRI
Presented by Steve Staal at the Stakeholder Consultation on the ILRI Strategy 2013-2022: Implications for East and Southeast Asia, Bangkok, 31 May 2013
Digital technologies like biometric sensors, big data analytics, and blockchain can help meet the growing global demand for animal proteins in a sustainable way. Sensors can monitor animals' physiological and behavioral welfare indicators non-invasively. Big data is analyzed using models to detect health issues. Blockchain provides transparency about animal welfare and supply chains. However, challenges include farm environments, data integration standards, and privacy concerns. Overall, precision livestock farming shows promise for advancing sustainability and welfare goals in a growing world.
Livestock in ASEAN countries: Animal and human health and value chainsILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Fred Unger and Delia Grace at a webinar on 'The future of farming: Opportunities for Irish agritech in Southeast Asia', 27 May 2021.
Food safety along informal pork market chains in Vietnam: Experience from an ...ILRI
Presented by Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Lucy Lapar, Karen Marshall and Delia Grace at the Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) Asia 2016 conference, Khon Kaen, Thailand, 14–15 January 2016.
Participatory diagnostics of animal health service delivery systems in MaliILRI
Presented by Michel Dione, Ibrahim Traore and Abdou Fall at the Workshop on the Delivery of Animal Health Services in Extensive Livestock Production Systems, Nairobi, 9-10 March 2017
Livestock and Fish Vietnam smallholder pigs value chain: What has been achievedILRI
Presented by Lucy Lapar at the Smallholder Pigs Value Chain Strategy and Implementation Planning Meeting, Buon Ma Thuot, Dak Lak, Vietnam, 25-26 September 2014
Gender perspectives in estimation of rates and determinants of adoption of th...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Jumba Humphrey (ILRI/LIVESTOCK), as part of the Annual Gender Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 25-27 September 2018 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, hosted by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and co-organized with KIT Royal Tropical Institute.
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-conference-2018/
— The low productivity of the Ethiopian diary sector has been explained by the genetic potentials and management practices. Milk production and consumption largely rely on the indigenous cows. To enhance the contribution of dairy to household food security, nutrition and income, adoption of improved dairy breeds together with the component practices is indispensable. To study the adoption of the dairy technologies and the factors stimulating the choices, a cross-sectional household survey was conducted in the central and eastern Ethiopia. Results declare that the rate of adoption of improved breeds, artificial insemination and improved forage remained to be limited. The uptake of concentrate feeding is found to be relatively better. As the joint multivariate probit estimation confirmed, there is complementarity and interdependence in the uptake of improved breeds, artificial insemination, concentrate feeds and improved forages. Utilization of forage lagged behind to complement adoption of improved cows. Tobit model determination confirmed that the same factors are affecting the adoption decisions. The factors responsible for the joint adoptions, the number of cows owned and intensity of adoption include education status, household wealth, access to markets and district centers, contacts with extension and gender roles. Both the joint and individual analyses highlighted the need for strategies that could overcome the constraints and ensure better uptake of the technologies.
ILRI in East and Southeast Asia: Summary of current profile and emerging prio...ILRI
Presented by Steve Staal at the Stakeholder Consultation on the ILRI Strategy 2013-2022: Implications for East and Southeast Asia, Bangkok, 31 May 2013
Digital technologies like biometric sensors, big data analytics, and blockchain can help meet the growing global demand for animal proteins in a sustainable way. Sensors can monitor animals' physiological and behavioral welfare indicators non-invasively. Big data is analyzed using models to detect health issues. Blockchain provides transparency about animal welfare and supply chains. However, challenges include farm environments, data integration standards, and privacy concerns. Overall, precision livestock farming shows promise for advancing sustainability and welfare goals in a growing world.
Livestock in ASEAN countries: Animal and human health and value chainsILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Fred Unger and Delia Grace at a webinar on 'The future of farming: Opportunities for Irish agritech in Southeast Asia', 27 May 2021.
Food safety along informal pork market chains in Vietnam: Experience from an ...ILRI
Presented by Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Lucy Lapar, Karen Marshall and Delia Grace at the Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) Asia 2016 conference, Khon Kaen, Thailand, 14–15 January 2016.
Participatory diagnostics of animal health service delivery systems in MaliILRI
Presented by Michel Dione, Ibrahim Traore and Abdou Fall at the Workshop on the Delivery of Animal Health Services in Extensive Livestock Production Systems, Nairobi, 9-10 March 2017
Livestock and Fish Vietnam smallholder pigs value chain: What has been achievedILRI
Presented by Lucy Lapar at the Smallholder Pigs Value Chain Strategy and Implementation Planning Meeting, Buon Ma Thuot, Dak Lak, Vietnam, 25-26 September 2014
Are there gender differences in access to and demand for East Coast fever vac...ILRI
This study examines gender differences in awareness and adoption of the Infection and Treatment Method (ITM) vaccine for East Coast fever among smallholder dairy farmers in Kenya. The study finds:
1) Awareness and adoption of the ITM vaccine is significantly higher among male-headed households compared to female-headed households. Potential adoption is estimated to be 61.6% for male-headed households versus 31.4% for female-headed households.
2) Key factors influencing adoption for both groups include education, social group membership, and access to financial services. Additionally for female-headed households, older age, larger land size, and household labor force increased likelihood of adoption.
3) Resource constraints have
This document summarizes the findings of a study on improving risk management of animal disease in the livestock trade between Somalia and Middle Eastern markets. The study found that (1) Somalia exports large numbers of livestock and faces significant risks of exporting infected animals, (2) these risks can be managed by controlling diseases in Somalia, exported animals, and limiting contact with domestic animals in importing countries, and (3) health certification combined with market inspections and laboratory testing of exported animals is a sensible approach for managing many diseases, though quarantine poses challenges due to potential for disease spread.
Analysis of milk production, butter marketing and household use of inputs in ...ILRI
Presented by Berhanu Gebremedhin, Kaleb Shiferaw, AzageTegegne and Dirk Hoekstra at Workshop on the 30th International Conference of Agricultural Economists (ICAE), Vancouver, British Columbia, 28 July-2 August 2018
Livestock research for Africa’s food security and poverty reductionILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Shirley Tarawali, Iain Wright, Suzanne Bertrand, Polly Ericksen, Delia Grace and Ethel Makila at a side event at the 6th Africa Agriculture Science Week, Accra, Ghana, 15-20 July 2013
Farming with Organic Fertiliser: Crop-Livestock Integration for Sustainable R...SIANI
This study was presented during the conference “Production and Carbon Dynamics in Sustainable Agricultural and Forest Systems in Africa” held in September, 2010.
Smallholder pig value chains transformation in Uganda: Results, lessons and i...ILRI
This document summarizes the results, lessons learned, and insights from a project aimed at transforming smallholder pig value chains in Uganda. Key findings include:
1. High disease burden from parasites and pathogens negatively impacted pig health and productivity. Capacity building on biosecurity and husbandry practices helped reduce disease outbreaks.
2. Food safety risks from pathogens like Salmonella and Toxoplasma existed but were generally low to moderate due to cooking practices. Risks increased in longer supply chains with poor post-harvest handling.
3. Feeding trials demonstrated the potential of sweet potato silage to alleviate dry season feed shortages. Local feed resources could be better utilized to improve pig nutrition if supplemented properly.
The critical crossroads of animal, human, and environmental health: Scaling u...ILRI
Presented by Mark Mitchell, Kristina Roesel, Bernard Bett, Lasha Avaliani, Bedasa Eba and Christine Jost at a Livestock and Livelihoods Webinar series, 21 September 2021
Key gaps identified in veterinary service deliveryILRI
Presented by Fasil Awol at the HEARD project regional public-private partnerships task force workshop, Amhara, 18 November 2019: Somali, 21 November 2019: Oromia, 26 November 2019
Pork safety assessment and first results from pilot interventions targeting s...ILRI
Presented by Fred Unger at the Markets and Agricultures Linkages for Cities in Asia (MALICA) Annual Scientific Meeting 2019, Hanoi, Vietnam, 5 November 2019.
Smallholder dairy farming in Tanzania: Farming practices, animal health and p...ILRI
Poster prepared by Silvia Alonso, Phil Toye, George Msalya, Delia Grace and Fred Unger for the 6th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya, 27-30 October 2014.
ILRI's strategy focuses on using livestock research to improve food security and reduce poverty in Africa. It has three strategic objectives: 1) develop and promote sustainable, scalable practices that improve lives through livestock; 2) provide scientific evidence to persuade decision-makers to invest more in livestock; and 3) increase stakeholders' capacity to make better use of livestock science and investments. Key research areas include addressing the biomass crisis in intensifying smallholder systems, managing vulnerability and risk in drylands, improving food safety and addressing aflatoxins, advancing vaccine biosciences, and mobilizing biosciences to achieve food security in Africa. ILRI aims to prove livestock's potential, influence investment, and ensure sufficient capacity to effectively use
Improving evidence for better policy making in Ethiopia’s livestock sector essp2
1. The document discusses Ethiopia's evolving livestock sector and improving evidence for better policy making.
2. While livestock contributed little to GDP growth, there is considerable potential for growth given Ethiopia's large livestock populations and rising demand for animal-sourced foods.
3. Factors like education, household size, extension services, and herd size are positively associated with adoption of improved practices and inputs like vaccination and cross-breeding.
Using a system dynamics framework to assess disease risks of pig value chains...ILRI
Poster by Thi Thu Huyen Nguyen, Nam Ha Duong, Van Hung Pham, Thi Duong Nga Nguyen, Fred Unger, Karl M. Rich and Lucy Lapar presented at Tropentag 2014, Prague, Czech Republic, 17-19 September 2014.
Doubling Indian farmer incomes through livestock: What are the opportunities ...Lina Wanga
This document discusses opportunities to double Indian farmer incomes through livestock. It finds that livestock currently makes up 25% of India's agricultural GDP and 28% of household income. Growth in the livestock sector has outpaced crops in recent years. Strategies to increase income include improving market access through cooperatives, enhancing productivity via genetics, health and feeding programs, providing input services and extension, and addressing challenges like food safety, resource pressure and emissions. Research in northeast India aims to support these goals. Overall, a coordinated effort across the sector considering all stakeholders could realize significant income gains for farmers through livestock.
Food safety performance in animal-source food value chainsILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Phuc Pham-Duc, Pham Van Hung, Huyen Le Thi Thanh, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Nguyen Thanh Luong, Hai Ngo Hoang Tuan and Delia Grace at the 1st International Conference on Veterinary and Animal Science - the role of veterinary science to cope with pandemics, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Indonesia, 20 October 2020.
Presentation given by Mauro Vigani at the recent ICAE conference in Milan.
The aim of the work is to provide a comprehensive analysis on the impact of maize technologies at household level in Tanzania, disentangling the effect of improved maize seeds and inorganic fertilizers on each of the four dimensions of food security
This document summarizes a presentation on mapping livestock keepers and their herds across Africa based on household survey data. It discusses extracting relevant data from Demographic and Health Surveys, preparing the data, using random forest modeling to predict livestock ownership based on geographic and environmental covariates, and creating maps of the predictions. It also addresses future work on adjusting the data and models and applying the approach to map other socioeconomic variables.
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This study examines gender differences in awareness and adoption of the Infection and Treatment Method (ITM) vaccine for East Coast fever among smallholder dairy farmers in Kenya. The study finds:
1) Awareness and adoption of the ITM vaccine is significantly higher among male-headed households compared to female-headed households. Potential adoption is estimated to be 61.6% for male-headed households versus 31.4% for female-headed households.
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This document summarizes the results, lessons learned, and insights from a project aimed at transforming smallholder pig value chains in Uganda. Key findings include:
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The critical crossroads of animal, human, and environmental health: Scaling u...ILRI
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Key gaps identified in veterinary service deliveryILRI
Presented by Fasil Awol at the HEARD project regional public-private partnerships task force workshop, Amhara, 18 November 2019: Somali, 21 November 2019: Oromia, 26 November 2019
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Presented by Fred Unger at the Markets and Agricultures Linkages for Cities in Asia (MALICA) Annual Scientific Meeting 2019, Hanoi, Vietnam, 5 November 2019.
Smallholder dairy farming in Tanzania: Farming practices, animal health and p...ILRI
Poster prepared by Silvia Alonso, Phil Toye, George Msalya, Delia Grace and Fred Unger for the 6th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya, 27-30 October 2014.
ILRI's strategy focuses on using livestock research to improve food security and reduce poverty in Africa. It has three strategic objectives: 1) develop and promote sustainable, scalable practices that improve lives through livestock; 2) provide scientific evidence to persuade decision-makers to invest more in livestock; and 3) increase stakeholders' capacity to make better use of livestock science and investments. Key research areas include addressing the biomass crisis in intensifying smallholder systems, managing vulnerability and risk in drylands, improving food safety and addressing aflatoxins, advancing vaccine biosciences, and mobilizing biosciences to achieve food security in Africa. ILRI aims to prove livestock's potential, influence investment, and ensure sufficient capacity to effectively use
Improving evidence for better policy making in Ethiopia’s livestock sector essp2
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3. Factors like education, household size, extension services, and herd size are positively associated with adoption of improved practices and inputs like vaccination and cross-breeding.
Using a system dynamics framework to assess disease risks of pig value chains...ILRI
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Doubling Indian farmer incomes through livestock: What are the opportunities ...Lina Wanga
This document discusses opportunities to double Indian farmer incomes through livestock. It finds that livestock currently makes up 25% of India's agricultural GDP and 28% of household income. Growth in the livestock sector has outpaced crops in recent years. Strategies to increase income include improving market access through cooperatives, enhancing productivity via genetics, health and feeding programs, providing input services and extension, and addressing challenges like food safety, resource pressure and emissions. Research in northeast India aims to support these goals. Overall, a coordinated effort across the sector considering all stakeholders could realize significant income gains for farmers through livestock.
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Presented by Katie Tavenner, Tarangini Saxena and Todd Crane
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Opportunities for improved forages and utilization practices to intensify the...ckmtraining
The document summarizes the Africa RISING project in the Ethiopian highlands which aimed to address feed constraints through an integrated approach. Key achievements included implementing action research with farmer participation, enhancing knowledge and skills of farmers, generating interest in improved forages, and creating strong knowledge sharing networks. A variety of forage technologies were tested and shown to provide economic and environmental benefits. The project has now embarked on larger-scale dissemination of validated technologies together with development partners across multiple regions.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
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. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
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The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
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Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...Sérgio Sacani
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
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From crystalline structures to semiconductor devices, this presentation delves into the intricate principles governing the behavior of solids, providing clear explanations and illustrative examples to enhance understanding. Whether you're a student delving into the subject for the first time or a seasoned researcher seeking to deepen your knowledge, our presentation offers valuable insights and in-depth analyses to cater to various levels of expertise.
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Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...Sérgio Sacani
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Gender perspectives in vaccination against East Coast fever in Kenya
1. Gender perspectives in estimation of rates and determinants of adoption of
the Infection and Treatment Method of vaccination against East Coast fever
among smallholder cattle keepers in Uasin-Gishu County, Kenya
Humphrey Jumba, Henry Kiara, George Owuor
CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender
Research Second Annual Scientific Conference,
ILRI, Addis Ababa, 25-28 September 2018
2. Outline
• Introduction
– Background of the study
– The research questions
• Materials and methods
– Study area
– Tools
• Key results and discussion
• Conclusions and recommendations
3. Background of the study
• Importance of dairy sector among smallholder cattle keepers-
especially women-main source of income and milk
• Tick-borne disease poses a major threat to dairying systems in east
Africa region- Kenya , East Coast fever being of great significance
• Cattle mortality and morbidity (40 -80% )
• Cost of vector control $95 million annually in Kenya
• forgone income from milk production
• ITM introduced as the best-considered to be of multiple benefits:
• reduce mortality rate due to ECF –less than 2%
• Reduce cost of vector control- acaricide; among other benefits
4. Cont.….
• Gender blind approach was used in diffusion and dissemination of ITM
after its commercialization in Kenya (year 2012)
• Exposure to ITM was not random –most of the targeted farmers got
exposed because of prejudice by extension workers or researchers –due
to their high probability of adoption ; this approach mainly targeted men
• The main interest is to get the potential demand of this vaccine ones it is
fully disseminated in the population of interest –without any biases
• This study therefore aims at: estimating actual and potential uptake
rates of ITM ; determine factors influencing ITM uptake among MHH and
FHH
5. Material and Methods
Why Uasin-gishu county?
• High prevalence of ECF-exotic dairy cattle breeds with weak immune
systems to fight ECF
• ITM project target area in Kenya
Multistage sampling technique
• ITM exposed and non-exposed villages
• MHH selected based on proportional to size
• All FHH were considered for the study-they were fewer in number
• Total sample successfully surveyed MHH-298 while FHH-150
• Trained enumerators were used to collect primary data on household
socio-economics, institutional and farm related characteristics
Data analysis: STATA program and Average Treatment Effect (ATE) framework
6. Key findings and discussion
Estimates of ITM adoption rates and adoption gaps among MHH and FHH in the year 2016-
ATE framework
Adoption estimator MHH FHH
Par. Robust Std.
Err.
Par. Robust Std.
Err.
Potential adoption rate (ATE) : 0.616*** 0.032 0.314** 0.044
Adoption rate among exposed population (ATE1): 0.720*** 0. 026 0.422*** 0.031
Adoption rates among non-exposed population
(ATE0):
0.478*** 0. 042 0.223*** 0.064
Joint exposure and adoption rates (JEA): 0.411*** 0.015 0.194*** 0.014
Adoption gap: GAP=ATE-JEA -0.205*** 0.018 -0.120*** 0.034
Population Selection Bias (PSB): 0.103*** 0.010 0.107*** 0.029
Total Sample size 298 150
Number of household heads aware of ITM 170 69
Number of household heads adopting ITM 123 29
7. Determinant of ITM adoption among MHH and FHH-ATE probit
Variables MHH FHH
Dependent variable: Dummy for ITM adoption (1=treated)
Independent Variables Coef. Rob Std. Err. Coef. Rob Std. Err.
Household characteristics
Age of the HH (years) -0.006* 0.012 0. 003** 0.061
Education level of the HH (years of schooling) 0.031*** 0.037 0.022*** 0.010
Household size (numbers) 0.011 0.069 0. 007* 0.028
Main occupation of the HH (1=farming) 0.054** 0.189 0.044* 0.146
Household wealth and farm characteristics
Land-size (acres) 0.004 0.049 0.012** 0.093
Cattle herd size (numbers) 0.026** 0.058 0.023** 0.038
Breed- type (1=exotic) 0.010 0.341 0.055 0.097
Feeding- systems (1=zero grazing) -0.075 0.182 -0.064 0.013
Main method of vector control (1=spraying) 0.070 0.049 0.086 0.143
Institutional and access related characteristics
Group membership 0.097** 0.036 0.196*** 0.075
Credit access 0.115** 0.029 0.136** 0.080
Number of contact with extension agents 0.177*** 0.011 0.154** 0.087
Distance to the nearest water source (walking time in minutes) 0.005 0.082 0. 015 0.234
Pseudo R2 0.393 0.430
LR Chi 2 78.840*** 97.960***
8. Conclusion
• The actual and potential adoption of ITM is not gender neutral - mainly
dominated by men
• Lack of ITM awareness and differences in socio-economic, institutional, and
farm related characteristics between MHH and FHH are the main course of
differences in ITM adoptions.
Recommendations
• There is need to introduce a well-structured gender inclusive awareness
programmes in ITM dissemination.
Conclusions and recommendations
9. CGIAR Research Program on Livestock
livestock.cgiar.org
The CGIAR Research Program on Livestock aims to increase the productivity and profitability of livestock agri-food
systems in sustainable ways, making meat, milk and eggs more available and affordable across the developing world.
This presentation is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence.
The program thanks all donors and organizations which globally support its work through their contributions to the
CGIAR system
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